Article
Physiology
Stefan Kadach, Ji Won Park, Zdravko Stoyanov, Matthew I. I. Black, Anni Vanhatalo, Mark Burnley, Peter J. J. Walter, Hongyi Cai, Alan N. N. Schechter, Barbora Piknova, Andrew M. M. Jones
Summary: This study investigates the uptake and metabolism of dietary NO3- in skeletal muscles and its effects on exercise performance. The results show that muscle rapidly takes up NO3- after ingestion, and this uptake decreases during exercise. This uptake of NO3- is associated with enhanced torque production during maximal intermittent contractions.
Article
Sport Sciences
Rachel Tan, Lee J. Wylie, Daryl P. Wilkerson, Anni Vanhatalo, Andrew M. Jones
Summary: The study suggests that multiple step transitions may be necessary to detect the influence of NO3- supplementation on steady-state V O-2, as there were no significant differences observed in V O-2 responses with single or fewer step transitions.
JOURNAL OF SPORTS SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
John Ukeri, Michael T. Wilson, Brandon J. Reeder
Summary: Cytoglobin has physiological roles that are not clearly understood, but may include regulation of nitric oxide, oxygen sensing, and protection against oxidative stress. Specific mutations can affect the nitric oxide binding and metabolism activities of cytoglobin, helping to understand its precise role under physiological and pathophysiological conditions.
Article
Physiology
Philip J. Hennis, Andrew F. Cumpstey, Alasdair F. O'Doherty, Bernadette O. Fernandez, Edward T. Gilbert-Kawai, Kay Mitchell, Helen Moyses, Alexandra Cobb, Paula Meale, Helmut Poehnl, Monty G. Mythen, Michael P. W. Grocott, Denny Z. H. Levett, Daniel S. Martin, Martin Feelisch, Xtreme Alps Res Grp
Summary: This study investigated the effects of nitrate supplementation on exercise physiology during high altitude exposure. The results showed that exercise at high altitude reduced nitrate and nitrite levels in the blood, but nitrate supplementation reversed this phenomenon. However, it did not improve exercise efficiency. Interestingly, nitrate supplementation also decreased V?O(2)peak.
FRONTIERS IN PHYSIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Barbora Piknova, Ji Won Park, Samantha M. Thomas, Khalid J. Tunau-Spencer, Alan N. Schechter
Summary: Nitric oxide (NO) (co)regulates physiological processes in the body and its availability is affected by aging. Aging leads to changes in nitrate and nitrite contents in tissues, with higher nitrate levels and lower nitrite levels in old rats compared to young rats. However, the nitrate reduction pathway is not affected by aging. Further investigation is needed to understand the changes in NO accessibility during aging.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Tijana Suboticki, Olivera Mitrovic Ajtic, Dragoslava Djikic, Marijana Kovacic, Juan F. Santibanez, Milica Tosic, Vladan P. Cokic
Summary: In various systems, hydroxyurea has been shown to stimulate the release of nitric oxide or activate nitric oxide synthase. Through inhibiting nitric oxide metabolites, hydroxyurea is able to inhibit the growth of mature erythroid colonies and impact the presence of iNOS immunoreactive CFU-E.
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Rose I. M. Batista, Renato C. Nogueira, Graziele C. Ferreira, Gustavo H. Oliveira-Paula, Lucas C. Pinheiro, Jose E. Tanus-Santos
Summary: Supplementation with L-arginine has been shown to have beneficial effects in hypertension by increasing nitric oxide formation and enhancing nitrate concentrations, but these effects may be prevented by antiseptic mouthwash. Alteration of the nitrate cycle in the body by mouthwash can impact endothelial dysfunction, antihypertensive effects, and antioxidant effects of L-arginine in hypertensive rats. The findings suggest a new mechanism where antibacterial mouth rinse can affect arterial blood pressure and the development of cardiovascular diseases.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Balakrishnan S. Anju, Neeraja R. Nair, Subrata Kundu
Summary: This study demonstrates the importance of the interconversion between nitrite and nitric oxide in maintaining optimal NO flux in mammalian physiology. The research also reveals potential applications of copper-based catalysts in nitrite reduction and deepens our understanding of the involvement of red copper proteins in denitrification.
ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION
(2023)
Review
Physiology
Barbora Piknova, Alan N. Schechter, Ji Won Park, Anni Vanhatalo, Andrew M. Jones
Summary: Nonenzymatic nitric oxide generation through the reduction of nitrate and nitrite ions, along with high levels of nitrate ions in skeletal muscle, has been recently described. Skeletal muscle nitrate storage is crucial for maintaining NO homeostasis in healthy aging, and nitrate supplementation may be beneficial for treating specific pathophysiologies and enhancing normal functions.
EXERCISE AND SPORT SCIENCES REVIEWS
(2022)
Review
Clinical Neurology
Yicong Wang, Weiqi Chen, Jian Zhou, Yongjun Wang, Hao Wang, Yilong Wang
Summary: This review aims to describe the relationship between nitrate metabolism and cerebrovascular disease, providing a basis for further advances in laboratory and clinical medicine.
FRONTIERS IN NEUROLOGY
(2022)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Stuart P. P. Cocksedge, Adam J. J. Causer, Paul G. G. Winyard, Andrew M. M. Jones, Stephen J. J. Bailey
Summary: This study investigated the effects of oral temperature and pH on the increases in salivary and plasma [NO2-] after dietary NO3- supplementation. The results showed that salivary [NO2-] increased when oral pH was elevated, regardless of oral temperature, while plasma [NO2-] increased to a greater extent at a higher oral pH.
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Kayleigh Griffiths, Jordan J. Lee, Michael P. Frenneaux, Martin Feelisch, Melanie Madhani
Summary: Nitric oxide plays a crucial role in protecting the heart from ischemia reperfusion injury through the 'canonical' NO-sGC-cGMP pathway. A new nitrate-nitrite-NO pathway has been discovered to improve endothelial dysfunction, protect the myocardium and reduce infarct size. Nitrite itself also provides multi-faceted protection independent of nitric oxide against various pathophysiologies of IRI.
PHARMACOLOGY & THERAPEUTICS
(2021)
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Edgar J. Gallardo, Derrick A. Gray, Richard L. Hoffman, Brandon A. Yates, Ranjani N. Moorthi, Andrew R. Coggan
Summary: Dietary nitrate can improve muscle contractility in healthy older individuals, but the optimal dosage for these benefits is still unknown. This study found that a lower dose of nitrate increases muscle power and speed, while a higher dose does not, with no significant effect on blood pressure.
JOURNALS OF GERONTOLOGY SERIES A-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES AND MEDICAL SCIENCES
(2021)
Review
Plant Sciences
Jeremy Astier, Jordan Rossi, Pauline Chatelain, Agnes Klinguer, Angelique Besson-Bard, Claire Rosnoblet, Sylvain Jeandroz, Valerie Nicolas-Frances, David Wendehenne
Summary: The study of nitric oxide in embryophytes and algae has deepened our understanding of its biological functions, including its production pathways, signaling networks, and regulated proteins. Interestingly, while some algae have a conserved nitric oxide synthase, the typical NO-cyclic GMP signaling module is not found in algae or embryophytes, showing a divergent acquisition of NO signaling between green and animal lineages.
JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Renato C. Nogueira, Magdalena Minnion, Anna D. Clark, Alex Dyson, Jose E. Tanus-Santos, Martin Feelisch
Summary: Nitrite concentrations in blood play a crucial role in assessing intracellular nitric oxide (NO) activity and endothelial function. However, using nitrosylhemoglobin (HbNO) as an early marker of COVID-19 patient risk may be premature.
Article
Sport Sciences
Anthony Bryson, Rosemary Arthur, Chris Easton
Summary: Understanding the grading criteria can significantly increase scores in the Functional Movement Screen for youth soccer players and improve their perception of good and poor technique during the screening process. The awareness of grading criteria may influence FMS scores, making it less suitable for objective injury prediction in this population.
JOURNAL OF STRENGTH AND CONDITIONING RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Alexander J. Beaumont, Laura J. Forrest, Viswanath Unnithan, Nicholas Sculthorpe
Summary: The study found that cardiorespiratory responses to exercise are influenced by left-lateral tilting, leading to differences in oxygen uptake and efficiency between different positions. It suggests that physiological responses should not be assumed to be replicated between left-lateral positions.
APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY NUTRITION AND METABOLISM
(2021)
Article
Sport Sciences
Neil Gibson, Chris Easton, Michael Williams, Robert McCunn, Neil Gibson
Summary: The aim of this study was to assess the reliability and relationship of the 6-minute YYIET2 in subelite part time soccer players. The results showed that the 6-minute YYIET2 can reliably assess heart rate responses and has correlations with maximal tests. This test offers a convenient and low-cost method for tracking training status and movement efficiency in players.
JOURNAL OF STRENGTH AND CONDITIONING RESEARCH
(2022)
Review
Environmental Sciences
Matthew James Fraser, Trish Gorely, Chris O'Malley, David J. Muggeridge, Oonagh M. Giggins, Daniel R. Crabtree
Summary: People living in rural areas are at higher risk of cardiovascular diseases and face more challenges in engaging in regular physical activity. This systematic review explored the types and effects of home-based connected health technologies used by individuals with cardiovascular diseases in rural areas. The findings suggest that while there is great potential for implementing these technologies to reduce healthcare utilization and improve cardiovascular disease risk factors, their acceptability and challenges need to be further examined.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH
(2022)
Review
Clinical Neurology
Luke Cerexhe, Chris Easton, Eilidh Macdonald, Linda Renfrew, Nicholas Sculthorpe
Summary: Blood lactate levels in people with Multiple Sclerosis (MS) differ during rest and intense exercise compared to healthy individuals, with MS patients showing a lower increase in lactate during intense exercise from a higher resting level. After exercising for at least 3 months, blood lactate levels during exercise may become more similar to those seen in people without MS, but more research is needed to provide a clearer picture of this.
MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS AND RELATED DISORDERS
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Nathan S. Bryan, Mia C. Burleigh, Chris Easton
Summary: The diversity and plasticity of the oral microbiome influence the availability of nitric oxide and its physiological outcomes. Dysbiosis or disruption of the oral microbiota suppresses nitric oxide production and negatively affects blood pressure, while proliferation of nitrate-reducing bacteria can enhance nitric oxide production and improve oral health.
NITRIC OXIDE-BIOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY
(2022)
Article
Sport Sciences
Oliver M. Shannon, Jason D. Allen, Raul Bescos, Louise Burke, Tom Clifford, Chris Easton, Javier T. Gonzalez, Andrew M. Jones, Kristin L. Jonvik, Filip J. Larsen, Peter Peeling, Barbora Piknova, Mario Siervo, Anni Vanhatalo, Kerry McGawley, Simone Porcelli
Summary: This study used the modified Delphi technique to gather the consensus of 12 expert panel members on the use of dietary nitrate as an ergogenic aid. The panel agreed on 39 statements (17.6%) out of 222, with the majority of statements receiving a vote of insufficient evidence. The study provides recommendations for the use of dietary nitrate as an ergogenic aid, taking into account factors such as aerobic fitness and safe dosage.
Article
Hospitality, Leisure, Sport & Tourism
Gary P. McEwan, Viswanath B. Unnithan, Chris Easton, Rosie Arthur
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the training practices of soccer officials and their association with attributes pertinent to optimal performance. The findings revealed that regardless of their position or professional level, officials focused mostly on physical conditioning in their training, while decision-making and psychological skills received less attention. Although decision-making and psychological skills were considered very important, officials trained these skills infrequently.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SPORTS SCIENCE & COACHING
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Luke Liddle, Christopher Monaghan, Mia C. Burleigh, Katarzyna A. Baczynska, David J. Muggeridge, Chris Easton
Summary: This study compared the concentration of nitric oxide metabolites in healthy adults between winter and summer months. The results showed that plasma nitrite levels were higher in the summer, potentially due to increased exposure to UV-A radiation and more physical activity. Blood pressure was also lower in the summer compared to winter.
NITRIC OXIDE-BIOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY
(2022)
Article
Sport Sciences
Stephanie Valentin, Linda Linton, Nicholas F. Sculthorpe
Summary: This study aimed to assess the impact of supervision, athlete age and sex, and program duration and adherence on the effectiveness of exercise-based injury prevention programs in sports. A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials was conducted to analyze the overall effect and pooled effects by sex and supervision, as well as a meta-regression for age, intervention duration, and adherence. The results showed that these programs were effective overall, with a 33% reduction in injuries for supervised programs, while unsupervised programs had no significant effect. Both females and males benefited equally, and age did not affect program effectiveness.
RESEARCH IN SPORTS MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Sport Sciences
Gary P. McEwan, Viswanath B. Unnithan, Chris Easton, Andrew J. Glover, Rosie Arthur
Summary: This study investigated the validity and reliability of a novel treadmill-based Soccer Referee Simulation (SRS) in eliciting physiological and perceptual responses. The results showed no significant differences between the SRS and match play in terms of heart rate, oxygen uptake, and perceived exertion. Additionally, all measured variables demonstrated good levels of reliability. Therefore, the SRS is a valid and reliable protocol for simulating the physiological and decision-making demands of soccer refereeing.
SPORT SCIENCES FOR HEALTH
(2023)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Ali Muhsen Ali, Chris Monaghan, David J. Muggeridge, Chris Easton, David G. Watson
Summary: This study compared the metabolomic changes of human urine and plasma to determine which one can be used as the best tool to identify metabolomic profiling and novel biomarkers associated with the effects of UV radiation. The data modeling of urine samples showed clear separation between pre- and post-exposure to UV, while plasma samples did not. Metabolomic analysis revealed changes in multiple metabolic pathways, including amino acids, lipids, peptides, xenobiotics biodegradation, carbohydrates, nucleotides, co-factors, and vitamins. In conclusion, metabolomic screening of urine samples may be a better tool than plasma samples to predict metabolomic changes due to UV exposure.
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Graeme G. Sorbie, Ashley K. Williams, Sophie E. Carter, Amy K. Campbell, Jonathan Glen, David Lavallee, Nicholas Sculthorpe, Andrew Murray, Alexander J. Beaumont
Summary: This study examined the impact of golf caddying on the physical health of middle-older aged males. The results showed that caddying can lead to improvements in balance, strength, cardiovascular health markers, and body composition. These improvements are likely attributed to increased physical activity volume and intensity during caddying.
JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ACTIVITY & HEALTH
(2023)
Article
Health Care Sciences & Services
Jacqueline Louise Mair, Lawrence D. Hayes, Amy K. Campbell, Duncan S. Buchan, Chris Easton, Nicholas Sculthorpe
Summary: This study describes the development of a smartphone-delivered just-in-time adaptive intervention (JITAI) designed to support older adults in increasing or maintaining their physical activity level. The study suggests that delivering the intervention through a smartphone is a feasible and acceptable way to support physical activity in older adults in the community.
JMIR FORMATIVE RESEARCH
(2022)