Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
R. Rayaprolu, S. Moeller, I Spahn, D. Hoschen, Ch Linsmeier
Summary: In a pilot experiment, 16 MeV protons were used to irradiate 300 μm thick W samples to a damage dose of 0.006 dpa under low and high temperature conditions. The electronic loss in the sample was observed to be 1.5 MW·m(-2) in the pre-Bragg region. Post high-temperature irradiation, recrystallization of the W sample was observed, leading to a surface softening of 0.6 GPa.
Article
Physics, Fluids & Plasmas
Junho Won, Jaehyun Song, Seongmin Lee, Chiwan Song, Woosuk Bang
Summary: We propose a scaling law (Y similar to E-beta) for fusion neutron yields (Y) in laser-cluster fusion experiments based on laser pulse energy (E). By comparing neutron yield data from previous deuterium cluster fusion experiments with calculations using a cylindrical fusion plasma model, we find that the calculated neutron yields depend on the incident laser pulse energy, average number density, and ion temperature. The neutron yield increases modestly above 10 keV for a given laser pulse energy despite the rapid increase in deuterium-deuterium fusion reactivity with ion temperature. The scaling exponent beta approaches 1.0 as the ion temperature increases from 1 keV to 100 keV. The observed temperature dependence of beta can be explained by the temperature dependence of beam-beam and beam-target fusion neutron yields separately. Our scaling law differs from previous scaling laws from individual experiments but agrees well with the scaling law determined by maximum neutron yields of individual experiments.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Yina Du, Baopu Wang, Yansong Zhong, Tatsuya Hinoki
Summary: In this work, various ceramic coatings were evaluated for their ability to suppress the reaction between tungsten (W) and silicon carbide (SiC). The multi-dipped Er2O3 coating and the sputtered nitrides showed good performance compared to other coatings. The study provides suggestions for choosing an appropriate interface material between SiC and W.
Article
Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear
Masanori Wakizaka, Wang-Jae Chun, Takane Imaoka, Kimihisa Yamamoto
Summary: This study investigated the size-selective synthesis of tungsten oxide clusters on graphitic carbon using a phenyl-azomethine-type dendrimer as a template, revealing multiple oxidation states of W atoms in the clusters. The proposed mechanism for cluster formation on the carbon surface involves auto-oxidation with adventitious oxygen after hydrogen reduction.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
(2021)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Saumitran Kasturirangan, Alex Kamenev, Fiona J. Burnell
Summary: The transport statistics of 1D chain and metallic armchair graphene nanoribbons with hopping disorder are studied, focusing on the crossover between the zero-energy critical point and localized regime at higher energy. It is found that in this crossover region, transport can be described by a two parameter scaling, with excellent data collapse across various system sizes, energies, and disorder strengths. The transport distributions in this regime follow a Nakagami distribution, controlled by a scaling parameter.
Article
Nuclear Science & Technology
M. A. Oude Vrielink, J. A. W. van Dommelen, M. G. D. Geers
Summary: By using advanced computational material models, issues related to potential material failure in tungsten monoblocks within plasma facing components of future nuclear fusion reactors can be addressed. Evaluating stress fields and simulating prolonged neutron irradiation allows for assessing the probability of material failure, while also understanding the performance and stability of the tungsten monoblock.
NUCLEAR MATERIALS AND ENERGY
(2021)
Article
Nuclear Science & Technology
Laila A. El-Guebaly, Wahyu Setyawan, Charles H. Henager, Richard J. Kurtz, G. Robert Odette
Summary: This study focuses on the neutron activation assessment of tungsten-nickel-iron heavy alloys (WHAs) in divertors, aiming to determine the limit of nickel that can be safely employed. Additional calculations are conducted to obtain neutron flux and spectrum, transmutation products, and gas production data, along with an estimation of atomic displacement damage dose. The data generated will be used for future multiscale simulations of microstructure evolution and radiation damage accumulation in WHAs.
NUCLEAR MATERIALS AND ENERGY
(2021)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Xiao-Tong Li, Xiao-Zhi Tang, Ya-Fang Guo
Summary: This study investigates the evolution and migration of titanium-vacancy complexes in a vanadium-based alloy using the climbing image nudged elastic band method. Results show that in grain boundary vicinity, both basin energies and transition barriers are affected, and the evolution is driven by multiple titanium-vacancy interactions synergistically.
JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE
(2021)
Review
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Ishtiaque Karim Robin, Tim Graning, Ying Yang, Syeda Bushra Haider, Eric Andrew Lass, Yutai Katoh, Steven John Zinkle
Summary: This study investigates solid-state bonding techniques, with a focus on diffusion bonding, as an effective method for establishing engineering bonds. Diffusion bonding offers a lower temperature process and can handle materials with large differences in melting temperature. The insights from this research can be applied to various industries, enabling advanced and efficient design.
Article
Physics, Applied
O. Olikh, V Kostylyov, V. Vlasiuk, R. Korkishko, Ya Olikh, R. Chupryna
Summary: Experimental research has shown that ultrasound can decrease the concentration of iron-boron pairs dissociated in silicon and shorten the time of pair associations. The changes in FeB pairs were monitored through measuring short circuit current kinetics. The influence of ultrasound was investigated under different conditions, and the possible mechanisms underlying the effects were analyzed.
JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS
(2021)
Review
Neurosciences
Stephen B. Hladky, Margery A. Barrand
Summary: The glymphatic hypothesis suggests a mechanism for extravascular transport of hydrophilic solutes in and out of the brain, but it fails to fully explain the movement of solutes and fluid within the brain parenchyma.
FLUIDS AND BARRIERS OF THE CNS
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Jason E. Colley, Dylan S. Orr, Michael A. Duncan
Summary: A new electronic transition is reported for the linear C-6(+) cation. By comparing with previous experimental and theoretical results, it has been assigned to a new electronic state.
JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS
(2022)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
M. J. Lloyd, A. J. London, J. C. Haley, M. R. Gilbert, C. S. Becquart, C. Domain, E. Martinez, M. P. Moody, P. A. J. Bagot, D. Nguyen-Manh, D. E. J. Armstrong
Summary: In this study, single crystal and polycrystalline tungsten samples irradiated at high temperature were characterized using Atom Probe Tomography and Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy. The results showed the formation of Re and Os rich precipitates under neutron irradiation and observed new physical phenomena.
Article
Materials Science, Ceramics
Wahyu Setyawan, David J. Senor, Ram Devanathan
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY
(2019)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Shubham Pandey, Zhilin Jia, Brian Demaske, Otega A. Ejegbavwo, Wahyu Setyawan, Charles H. Henager, Natalia Shustova, Simon R. Phillpot
JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C
(2019)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Giridhar Nandipati, Wahyu Setyawan, Kenneth J. Roche, Richard J. Kurtz, Brian D. Wirth
JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS
(2020)
Article
Physics, Applied
Wahyu Setyawan
JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS
(2020)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Weilin Jiang, Yuanyuan Zhu, Limin Zhang, Danny J. Edwards, Nicole R. Overman, Giridhar Nandipati, Wahyu Setyawan, Charles H. Henager, Richard J. Kurtz
Summary: This study investigated dose rate effects in self-ion irradiated mono-W and poly-W, revealing that the disordering rate in mono-W irradiated at 900 K is significantly influenced by dose rate. Voids were uniformly distributed in both mono-W and poly-W irradiated at 900 K, with a corrected diameter range of 1.5 to 3.4 nm.
JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS
(2021)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
M. E. Alam, J. Wang, C. H. Henager, W. Setyawan, G. R. Odette
Summary: The effect of hot rolling on the room temperature mechanical properties of liquid-phase sintered tungsten heavy metal alloys was explored. It was found that 0% and 87% hot rolled WHAs showed higher toughness and stable crack growth, while 62% and 74% hot rolled WHAs experienced elastic fracture.
MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING
(2021)
Article
Physics, Condensed Matter
Giridhar Nandipati, Karl D. Hammond, Dimitrios Maroudas, Kenneth J. Roche, Richard J. Kurtz, Brian D. Wirth, Wahyu Setyawan
Summary: In this study, object kinetic Monte Carlo simulations were used to investigate the effect of helium flux on near-surface helium accumulation in plasma-facing tungsten. The simulations showed that as the flux decreases, the retention of implanted helium decreases and its depth distribution shifts deeper below the surface. Moreover, the fraction of retained helium diffusing into the bulk increases, and at a given flux, the fraction initially decreases and then starts to increase with increasing fluence. The near-surface helium accumulation spreads deeper into the material and saturates at depths between 80 and 100 nm.
JOURNAL OF PHYSICS-CONDENSED MATTER
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
X. H. Long, W. Setyawan, K. P. Tai, Y. Liu, M. S. Yu, Z. Q. Wang, N. Gao, X. L. Wang
Summary: The formation and evolution of radiation defects and their effects on the bending property of graphite under low energy helium atom implantation were studied using molecular dynamics simulations. The results provide a new understanding for the further application of graphite in nuclear reactors.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Krishna Chaitanya Pitike, Huibin Ke, Danny J. Edwards, Wahyu Setyawan
Summary: Density functional theory (DFT) calculations were used to investigate the binding between helium (He) and alloying elements in neutron irradiated nanostructured ferritic alloys (NFAs). The results showed that certain elements exhibited significant binding with interstitial and substitutional He, which could reduce He transport and promote He bubble formation in the matrix.
JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS
(2022)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Miaosen Yu, Ziqiang Wang, Fei Wang, Wahyu Setyawan, Xuehao Long, Yong Liu, Limin Dong, Ning Gao, Fei Gao, Xuelin Wang
Summary: The segregation behavior of Cr and Al atoms to a prismatic dislocation loop in a Fe-Cr-Al alloy is investigated using molecular dynamics method and ab initio energy calculation. The results show that Cr can segregate to the loops, while Al atoms cannot segregate by themselves. However, the presence of segregated Cr atoms can promote Al segregation, resulting in a coupled segregation of Cr and Al. Furthermore, the pinning behavior of the dislocation loop to an edge dislocation motion can be affected by Al segregation through the coupled segregation process.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Nanjun Chen, Shenyang Hu, Wahyu Setyawan, Peter Sushko, Suveen N. Mathaudhu
Summary: During solid phase processing (SPP), defect substructures such as dislocation network, nanotwin, and new grain or phase can form, which has a significant impact on the stability and evolution of phase and structure. By using molecular dynamics simulations, the effect of local stresses on the formation and transformation of defect substructures in polycrystalline Al was analyzed. The study established an energy landscape for defect substructures under compress and shear stresses, showing unstable and metastable states.
JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY-JMR&T
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Wei Qian, Pengfei Zheng, Ning Gao, Wahyu Setyawan, Peng Chen, Xing Liu, Yong Liu, Liangting Sun, Ming Liu, Tong Che, Ran Wei, Jiming Chen
Summary: Periodic patterns formed on solid surfaces can significantly impact material properties, and understanding the underlying mechanisms is crucial for controlling pattern formation. This study observes periodic patterns induced by low-energy plasma exposures on tungsten surfaces and develops new formation mechanisms. Experimental and simulation results show that pattern formation is dominantly driven by atom diffusion accelerated by low energy and high flux exposures. The similar pattern formation has also been confirmed on molybdenum through plasma exposure experiments. Based on this mechanism, patterns with controllable shapes have been successfully prepared on tungsten surfaces by adjusting plasma exposure parameters, providing new insights into pattern formation and surface damage caused by plasma exposures on tungsten.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Weilin Jiang, Libor Kovarik, Karen Kruska, Yucheng Fu, Zhihan Hu, Lin Shao, Wahyu Setyawan
Summary: Ductile-phase toughened tungsten (DPT W) composites have been studied for their potential use in plasma-facing components in fusion power systems. The composites consist of tungsten particles embedded in a ductile NiFeW solution matrix. Irradiation of the composites with He+ ions was performed and the resulting He cavities in both tungsten and NiFeW phases were analyzed. The average cavity diameter in NiFeW was found to be approximately 2.7 times larger than that in tungsten, with a lower number density. The He atoms in the cavities in NiFeW were under-pressurized, while those in cavities in tungsten were not detectable. The relationship between the He energy-loss shift and cavity density in NiFeW was found to be similar to that observed in martensitic steel.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Shubham Pandey, Brian Demaske, Otega A. Ejegbavwo, Anna A. Berseneva, Wahyu Setyawan, Natalia Shustova, Simon R. Phillpot
COMPUTATIONAL MATERIALS SCIENCE
(2020)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Liuming Wei, Jingwen Li, Yonggang Li, Qirong Zheng, Fan Cheng, Chuanguo Zhang, Jingyu Li, Gaofeng Zhao, Zhi Zeng
Summary: This study investigates the influence of He-V complexes on H behaviors on different W surfaces using DFT calculations. The results show that H dissolution is most difficult but H trapping is easiest on the W (110) surface, while the opposite is true on the W (111) surface. Moreover, the presence of He-V complexes increases the difficulty of H diffusion from bulk to surface and desorption.
JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS
(2024)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Yan Meng, Song Zeng, Chen Chen, Chaowen Zhu, Huahai Shen, Xiaosong Zhou, Xiaochun Han
Summary: The characteristics of magnetron sputtered Cr coatings vary with different temperature, bias voltage, and pressure. Coatings with random orientation, good crystallinity, and small grain size exhibit favorable oxidation behavior, while coatings with strong (200) texture, poor crystallinity, and large grains have many intrinsic defects that are detrimental to the protection property of the Cr coatings.
JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS
(2024)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Xinyuan Xu, Zefeng Yu, Wei-Ying Chen, Aiping Chen, Arthur Motta, Xing Wang
Summary: This study presents an automated approach for characterizing grain morphology in TEM images recorded during ion irradiation. By combining a machine learning model and a computer vision algorithm, comparable results to human analysis can be achieved with significantly reduced analysis time. Researchers can train their own models following the procedures described in this study to automate grain morphology analysis of their own TEM images.
JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS
(2024)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Shihao Wu, Dong Wang, Yapei Zhang, Koji Okamoto, Marco Pellegrini, Wenxi Tian, Suizheng Qiu, G. H. Su
Summary: The oxidation and degradation mechanisms of Cr coating on Zr alloy cladding under high temperature steam atmosphere are summarized, and a mathematical analysis model is established to predict the changes in coating thickness. The model is applied in the analysis of structure evolution under different conditions.
JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS
(2024)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
V. Diaz-Mena, J. de Prado, M. Roldan, I. Izaguirre, M. Sanchez, M. Rieth, A. Urena
Summary: The brazeability of a cupronickel alloy was evaluated as a filler alloy for high-temperature joining of tungsten to steel. The study investigated the brazing conditions and the impact of the selected filler on the joint quality using numerical software. The results showed different metallurgical interactions and diffusion phenomena between the filler alloy and the base materials at different temperatures. The study emphasized the importance of selecting a suitable filler to mitigate residual stresses in the joints.
JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS
(2024)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Pengcheng Zhu, Yajie Zhao, Yan-Ru Lin, Jean Henry, Steven J. Zinkle
Summary: This study investigates the effect of heavy-ion irradiation on radiation hardening in high-purity binary alloy Fe18Cr. Nanoindentation testing and high-quality TEM imaging were conducted to extract hardness and microstructure information. The strength factor was accurately calculated based on the detailed TEM characterization of irradiated microstructures, and a refined hardening superposition method was applied to quantify the mechanical properties of ion-irradiated materials.
JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS
(2024)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Bin Wu, Haixia Ning, Hanzhen Zhu, Jianjun Chen, Kang Wang, Daiyu Zhang, Fu Wang, Qilong Liao
Summary: This study discusses the effects of ZrO2 and B2O3 on the phase composition and properties of SAP-based glass-ceramics. The results show that ZrO2 addition improves the formation of NZP phase while restricting the crystallization of AlPO4 phases. The correct ratios of ZrO2 and B2O3 allow only the formation of NZP phase within the SAP glass.
JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS
(2024)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Hwasung Yeom, Greg Johnson, Benjamin Maier, Tyler Dabney, Kumar Sridharan
Summary: Cr-Nb bilayer coatings were developed using cold spray deposition to improve the limiting operational temperature of Cr-coated Zr-alloy system. The coatings exhibited outstanding oxidation resistance at high temperatures and formed continuous intermetallic compound layers at the interfaces.
JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS
(2024)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Padhraic L. Mulligan, Andrew T. Nelson, Chad M. Parish, Patrick A. Champlin, Xiang Chen, Daniel Morrall, Jason M. Harp
Summary: Environmental barrier coatings are being developed to reduce oxidation and embrittlement in Zr-based materials. Chromium nitride is a candidate for this application, but understanding its impact on irradiation-induced creep and microstructure is critical.
JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS
(2024)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Dexuan Yan, Xinlei Cao, Ke Shen
Summary: This study investigated the purification mechanism of polycrystalline graphite by comparing IG-11 graphite with IG-110 nuclear grade graphite. The analysis revealed that metallic impurities in IG-11 were primarily segregated within graphite porosities, while IG-110 demonstrated a significant reduction in impurities. This research contributes to the development of innovative graphite purification techniques for greater purity and stronger oxidation resistance.
JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS
(2024)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Wei Xu, Wei Peng, Lei Shi, Qi Sun
Summary: This paper investigates the oxidation and shape evolution of matrix graphite in high temperature gas-cooled reactors during air-ingress accidents. A reaction kinetics model is established and computational fluid dynamics with a dynamic mesh method is used to simulate the oxidation process. The results show that the geometric shape of graphite changes significantly with increasing flow rate, and the graphite pebbles tend to form a structure with a narrow front and wide tail.
JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS
(2024)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Allison Harward, Casey Elliott, Michael Shaltry, Krista Carlson, Tae-Sic Yoo, Guy Fredrickson, Michael Patterson, Michael F. Simpson
Summary: This paper investigates the hygroscopic properties of eutectic LiCl-KCl absorbed into zeolite-4A. The study finds that water absorption and corrosion worsen with increasing salt loading. It also suggests that the salt can be stored in a non-inert atmosphere for a certain period of time.
JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS
(2024)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Takaaki Koyanagi, Xunxiang Hu, Christian M. Petrie, Gyanender Singh, Caen Ang, Christian P. Deck, Weon-Ju Kim, Daejong Kim, James Braun, Yutai Katoh
Summary: This study provides critical experimental data on the effects of irradiation on the hermeticity of SiC composite cladding, finding that irradiation can cause a decrease in hermeticity and cracking, and coating the outer surface can mitigate the cracking issue.
JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS
(2024)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
S. Krat, A. Prishvitsyn, Yu. Gasparyan
Summary: This study proposes a probabilistic and diffusion-based model to describe the co-deposition of multiple hydrogen isotopes with slowly grown metal layers. The model calculates the relative concentrations of different hydrogen isotopes in the co-deposited metal layers. It is found that if hydrogen isotopes have different detrapping energies, only the isotope with the highest detrapping energy shows a monotonic decrease in concentration with deposition temperature. Furthermore, the study evaluates the uncertainty of tritium concentration in the co-deposited layer based on the uncertainty in detrapping energy of tritium and deuterium, predicting a >10% tritium concentration uncertainty for a 0.01 eV difference.
JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS
(2024)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Tijo Vazhappilly, Arup Kumar Pathak
Summary: This study investigates the effect of Ce atom substitution in UO2 on its thermophysical properties using density functional theory. The results show that the Ce substitution levels and the oxidation state of Ce/U atoms strongly influence the band structure and specific heat capacity of the UO2 lattice. These findings provide important insights into the fuel properties of UO2 under reactor conditions.
JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS
(2024)