Review
Microbiology
George Hajishengallis, Richard J. Lamont, Hyun Koo
Summary: Oral microbial communities form complex spatial structures and regulate their collective function and adaptability through sophisticated physical and chemical signaling systems. The balance or dysbiosis of these communities, influenced by intra-community interactions, host and environmental factors, plays a crucial role in oral diseases such as periodontitis and dental caries. Dysbiosis in oral polymicrobial communities also has systemic effects, partly due to the colonization of oral pathogens in extra-oral tissues.
CELL HOST & MICROBE
(2023)
Article
Microbiology
Laura Sisk-Hackworth, Adrian Ortiz-Velez, Micheal B. Reed, Scott T. Kelley
Summary: Periodontal disease (PD) is a chronic, progressive polymicrobial disease that induces a strong host immune response. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) studies have shown that PD biodiversity increases with pocket depth and PD communities are highly host-specific. By applying compositional data analysis (CoDA) methods, new features associated with PD, including genera Schwartzia and Aerococcus, and the cytokine C-reactive protein, have been identified. Network analysis revealed lower connectivity among taxa in deeper periodontal pockets, indicating a more random microbiome.
FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Microbiology
Kazuma Yama, Yuichiro Nishimoto, Kota Kumagai, Ryutaro Jo, Minori Harada, Yuki Maruyama, Yuto Aita, Narumi Fujii, Takuya Inokuchi, Ryosuke Kawamata, Misato Sako, Yuko Ichiba, Kota Tsutsumi, Mitsuo Kimura, Shinnosuke Murakami, Yasushi Kakizawa, Takashi Kumagai, Takuji Yamada, Shinji Fukuda
Summary: Oral diseases such as periodontal disease and dental caries are associated with dysbiosis of the oral microbiome and metabolome. This study compared the salivary microbiome and metabolome of healthy individuals with those with oral diseases. The results showed that dental treatment improved oral health conditions, but differences in the salivary microbiome and metabolome persisted even after disease remission. The study emphasized the importance of understanding and addressing oral dysbiosis to prevent disease recurrence.
Review
Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine
B. T. Rosier, N. Takahashi, E. Zaura, B. P. Krom, R. M. Martinez-Espinosa, S. G. J. van Breda, P. D. Marsh, A. Mira
Summary: This review discusses the association between dietary nitrate and oral health and proposes that microbial nitrate reduction may have benefits for oral health. Nitrate has been shown to increase resilience against salivary acidification, preventing tooth decay. Additionally, nitrate can inhibit sensitive bacteria associated with periodontal diseases. Nitrate may stimulate eubiosis and promote oral health.
JOURNAL OF DENTAL RESEARCH
(2022)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Mattia Di Stefano, Alessandro Polizzi, Simona Santonocito, Alessandra Romano, Teresa Lombardi, Gaetano Isola
Summary: The oral cavity harbors a complex microbial community, which can lead to periodontal damage. Periodontal disease is a common chronic inflammatory condition globally, with diverse clinical manifestations.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Siqin Liu, Guofang Xie, Meifeng Chen, Yukun He, Wenyi Yu, Xiaobo Chen, Weigang Mao, Nanxia Liu, Yuanjie Zhang, Qin Chang, Yingying Qiao, Xinqian Ma, Jianbo Xue, Mengtong Jin, Shuming Guo, Yudong Hou, Zhancheng Gao
Summary: This study compared and investigated the bacterial signatures in periodontitis and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), providing potential information for the prediction, screening, and treatment strategies of individuals. The results showed higher bacterial richness in individuals with periodontitis and identified differentially abundant genera as potential biomarkers for each group. The findings may contribute to the prediction, screening, and treatment strategies for individuals with periodontitis and COPD.
FRONTIERS IN CELLULAR AND INFECTION MICROBIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Microbiology
Jason A. Rothman, Jenna L. Riis, Katrina R. Hamilton, Clancy Blair, Douglas A. Granger, Katrine L. Whiteson
Summary: Human oral microbial communities have significant implications for oral and systemic health due to their diversity. Understanding the differences between healthy and dysbiotic oral microbiomes is important, especially within and between families. This study investigates the changes in oral microbiome composition within individuals and the impact of factors such as environmental tobacco smoke exposure, metabolic regulation, inflammation, and antioxidant potential. The findings reveal differences in oral microbiomes between children and caregivers, with shared diversity but distinct differences, and highlight the associations between the oral microbiome and various salivary markers.
Article
Microbiology
Jinlan Wang, Jianqing Feng, Yongbao Zhu, Dandan Li, Jianing Wang, Weiwei Chi
Summary: The oral microbiome plays an important role in human health. This study analyzed human oral saliva samples and found that the diversity of the saliva microbiome is low. Human oral habitats have a common core bacterial community that has the greatest impact on saliva habitats. The populations of the saliva microbiome differ significantly in different regions and may be influenced by living environment and lifestyle/dietary habits. The saliva microbiome shows high similarity with the microbiomes of Aerosol and Surface, suggesting that contact and shared environment are driving factors of microbial transmission.
FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine
Nagihan Bostanci, Melissa Grant, Kai Bao, Angelika Silbereisen, Franziska Hetrodt, Daniel Manoil, Georgios N. Belibasakis
Summary: This article focuses on metaproteomic and metabolomic approaches for oral biologic samples, revealing the functionality and underlying regulatory processes within various oral microbial communities. Knowledge of the proteomic interplay and metabolic interactions of microorganisms within oral biofilm and salivary microbiome communities is presented and discussed from clinical and basic research perspectives.
PERIODONTOLOGY 2000
(2021)
Article
Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine
S. Joseph, M. Carda-Dieguez, J. Aduse-Opoku, A. Alsam, A. Mira, M. A. Curtis
Summary: Periodontal disease leads to changes in cellular profiles and biological activities of both the subgingival microbiome and host tissues. Analysis of a murine periodontal disease model using metatranscriptomics revealed differential expression of 3,468 host transcripts, with 76% being overexpressed in periodontitis. Disease was associated with alterations in immune and inflammatory genes and pathways, as well as cellular/metabolic processes and biological regulation. These metatranscriptome data provide insights into gene expression patterns in periodontal disease and can be used for future functional studies.
JOURNAL OF DENTAL RESEARCH
(2023)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Mattia Di Stefano, Simona Santonocito, Alessandro Polizzi, Rodolfo Mauceri, Giuseppe Troiano, Antonino Lo Giudice, Alessandra Romano, Marco Mascitti, Gaetano Isola
Summary: The human body is colonized by a diverse microbial community known as the microbiota, which plays a crucial role in influencing human health throughout life. The oral microbiota forms complex biofilms and interactions, contributing to the host's resistance to antimicrobial agents and maintaining a balanced symbiotic relationship. Understanding the functions and interactions of the microbiota is essential for developing diagnostic, therapeutic, and preventive strategies. This review focuses on the connection between the oral and gut microbiomes, and how alterations in these microbial communities can lead to oral and intestinal illnesses, as well as the potential role of probiotics in ameliorating inflammation and microbial dysbiosis.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Review
Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine
Ana E. Duran-Pinedo
Summary: The oral microbiome composition and gene-expression profiles play crucial roles in disease development, especially in periodontal disease and caries. The functional activities of different species within the subgingival microbiota are interconnected, and efforts are being made to identify changes associated with transitions between health and disease.
PERIODONTOLOGY 2000
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Erin C. Mooney, Sara E. Holden, Xia-Juan Xia, Yajie Li, Min Jiang, Camille N. Banson, Bin Zhu, Sinem Esra Sahingur
Summary: Quercetin, a plant-derived polyphenolic flavonoid, has been shown to reduce inflammation, improve oral microbial composition, and promote a symbiotic microbiota associated with health, thereby modulating the development of periodontal disease.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Veterinary Sciences
Rodrigo Santibanez, Camila Rodriguez-Salas, Carla Flores-Yanez, Daniel Garrido, Pamela Thomson
Summary: The study compared the oral microbiome of healthy dogs to those with periodontal disease, revealing significant differences in microbial composition and predicted functions. Periodontal disease led to increases in certain microbial populations and decreases in others, along with a decrease in aerobic respiratory processes and an increase in anaerobic environments and lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis.
VETERINARY SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Patricia M. Oba, Meredith Q. Carroll, Celeste Alexander, Amy J. Somrak, Stephanie C. J. Keating, Adrianna M. Sage, Kelly S. Swanson
Summary: The study found that dental chews could help reduce the risk of periodontal disease in dogs by positively impacting the microbiota in plaque and saliva of a dog's oral cavity. These changes occurred quickly and were associated with improved oral health scores.
JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE
(2021)
Review
Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine
B. T. Rosier, N. Takahashi, E. Zaura, B. P. Krom, R. M. Martinez-Espinosa, S. G. J. van Breda, P. D. Marsh, A. Mira
Summary: This review discusses the association between dietary nitrate and oral health and proposes that microbial nitrate reduction may have benefits for oral health. Nitrate has been shown to increase resilience against salivary acidification, preventing tooth decay. Additionally, nitrate can inhibit sensitive bacteria associated with periodontal diseases. Nitrate may stimulate eubiosis and promote oral health.
JOURNAL OF DENTAL RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Microbiology
Aurea Simon-Soro, Zhi Ren, Bastiaan P. Krom, Michel A. Hoogenkamp, Pedro J. Cabello-Yeves, Scott G. Daniel, Kyle Bittinger, Inmaculada Tomas, Hyun Koo, Alex Mira
Summary: Microbial aggregates with diverse structures and compositions, including bacteria associated with host cells, are found in human saliva. These aggregates rapidly proliferate and expand during colonization and biofilm initiation, while most single cells remain static or are incorporated by growing aggregates. This alternative biofilm development process involves aggregates adhering to surfaces as growth nuclei and shaping polymicrobial communities at different scales.
Article
Virology
Muntsa Rocafort, Desiree Henares, Pedro Brotons, Cristian Launes, Mariona Fernandez de Sevilla, Victoria Fumado, Irene Barrabeig, Sara Arias, Alba Redin, Julia Ponomarenko, Maria Mele, Pere Millat-Martinez, Joana Claverol, Nuria Balanza, Alex Mira, Juan J. Garcia-Garcia, Quique Bassat, Iolanda Jordan, Carmen Munoz-Almagro
Summary: The study aimed to investigate the nasopharyngeal microbiota of children and adults in Spain during the COVID-19 lockdown and its relation to SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 severity. The findings showed that the predominant bacteria in the nasopharyngeal microbiota of both adults and children were Corynebacterium and Dolosigranulum, while common pathobionts like Haemophilus and Streptococcus were limited in abundance. Infected children had higher bacterial richness and increased abundance of Fusobacterium, Streptococcus, and Prevotella. Among adults, persistent SARS-CoV-2 RNA was associated with increased abundance of an unclassified member of the Actinomycetales order. COVID-19 severity in adults was associated with decreased levels of Dolosigranulum and increased levels of Staphylococcus in the nasopharynx.
Article
Microbiology
Zhenting Xiang, Rohan S. Wakade, Apoena Aguiar Ribeiro, Weiming Hu, Kyle Bittinger, Aurea Simon-Soro, Dongyeop Kim, Jiyao Li, Damian J. Krysan, Yuan Liu, Hyun Koo
Summary: This study reveals that Candida albicans colonizing human teeth exhibits unique adaptive mechanisms and forms interkingdom biofilms with pathogenic bacteria, leading to a disease-causing state. These findings provide new insights into Candida pathobiology and its role in severe childhood caries.
Article
Microbiology
Maria Bankvall, Miguel Carda-Dieguez, Alex Mira, Anders Karlsson, Bengt Hasseus, Roger Karlsson, Jairo Robledo-Sierra
Summary: This study investigates the bacterial composition in the oral cavity of patients with oral lichen planus (OLP) and identifies the presence of specific bacterial species associated with OLP, including Streptococcus oralis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Metaproteomic analysis reveals the presence of inflammatory and virulence-related proteins in OLP lesions. Further research is needed to determine the role of these bacteria in the development of OLP and their potential as disease biomarkers.
JOURNAL OF ORAL MICROBIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Microbiology
Alvaro Villanueva-Castellote, Carmen Llena Puy, Miguel Cerda-Dieguez, Alex Mira, Maria D. Ferrer
Summary: The objective of this study was to develop an in vitro model for real-time monitoring of endodontic biofilm growth and evaluate the ex vivo effect of antibiotics on biofilm growth. Biofilm growth was measured through electrical impedance. The bacterial composition of the biofilm was analyzed by Illumina sequencing. The impedance system allowed real-time monitoring of endodontic biofilm formation, and it was proposed as a model for ex vivo evaluation of biofilm susceptibility to antimicrobials.
JOURNAL OF ORAL MICROBIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Microbiology
Rodrigo A. Giacaman, Rodrigo Umana, Maria Jose Nunez, Natalia Diaz-Garrido, Constanza Echeverria, Natalia Garcia-Manriquez, Alex Mira, Constanza E. Fernandez, Karla Gambetta-Tessini, Carla P. Lozano
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the impact of saliva dilutions on an in vitro caries model using Streptococcus mutans biofilms. The results showed that even small quantities of saliva could significantly reduce demineralization in enamel and dentin, and the protective effect of saliva was dose-dependent.
Review
Infectious Diseases
Matipaishe Mashayamombe, Miguel Carda-Dieguez, Alex Mira, Robert Fitridge, Peter S. Zilm, Stephen P. Kidd
Summary: The ability of Staphylococcus aureus to colonise different niches across the human body is linked to its adaptable metabolic capability and ability to persist within specific tissues. The relapse of disease in S. aureus infections is due to the presence of suboptimal populations that persist even after the disease is cleared. The constant arousal of these populations is a key strategy for long-term infection and survival of S. aureus.
Review
Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine
Laura Bustos-Lobato, Maria J. Rus, Carlos Sauco, Aurea Simon-Soro
Summary: Sjogren's syndrome (SS) is an autoimmune disease that primarily affects the salivary glands. The oral microbiome, specifically the abundance of Gram-positive species, may play a role in the onset and development of the disease. Reduced salivary flow is influenced by both dysbiosis and host-associated risk factors.
MOLECULAR ORAL MICROBIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Yue Huang, Yuan Liu, Nil Kanatha Pandey, Shrey Shah, Aurea Simon-Soro, Jessica C. Hsu, Zhi Ren, Zhenting Xiang, Dongyeop Kim, Tatsuro Ito, Min Jun Oh, Christine Buckley, Faizan Alawi, Yong Li, Paul J. M. Smeets, Sarah Boyer, Xingchen Zhao, Derk Joester, Domenick T. Zero, David P. Cormode, Hyun Koo
Summary: This study shows that the combination of iron oxide nanoparticles (ferumoxytol) with stannous fluoride (SnF2) effectively inhibits biofilm accumulation and enamel damage. The stability of SnF2 is enhanced when mixed with ferumoxytol in aqueous solutions, increasing the catalytic activity of ferumoxytol. In vivo experiments demonstrate that the combination of ferumoxytol and SnF2 is exceptionally effective in controlling dental caries, even at lower concentrations, without adverse effects on host tissues or oral microbiome. This research reveals a potent therapeutic synergism using approved agents and provides a method for facile SnF2 stabilization to prevent a widespread oral disease with reduced fluoride exposure.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2023)
Article
Microbiology
Carlos Sauco, Maria J. Rus, Maria R. Nieto, Carolina Barros, Cristiane Cantiga-Silva, Debora Lendines-Cordero, Marta Calderer-Ortiz, Miriam Zurita-Garcia, Santiago Arias-Herrera, Loreto Monsalve-Guil, Juan Jose Segura-Egea, Aurea Simon-Soro
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the microbial characteristics of hyposalivation caused by aging or diseases affecting the salivary glands in women. The results showed that the cause of hyposalivation did not explain the differences in microbial diversity between the non-SS and SS groups, suggesting that changes in the oral environment may underpin the host-microbial balance.
FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Microbiology
Ricardo Costeira, Joseph Aduse-Opoku, Jon J. Vernon, Francisco Rodriguez-Algarra, Susan Joseph, Deirdre A. Devine, Philip D. Marsh, Vardhman Rakyan, Michael A. Curtis, Jordana T. Bell
Summary: Bacterial DNA methylation plays an important role in gene regulation, and Porphyromonas gingivalis, an oral pathogen, exhibits gene expression changes in response to hemin availability. In this study, we analyzed the epigenome of P. gingivalis and studied the variation in epigenetics and transcriptome under different hemin conditions. We found changes in gene expression, DNA methylation, and gene regulation processes that affect the virulence of P. gingivalis in periodontal disease.
Meeting Abstract
Critical Care Medicine
J. E. McGinniss, S. A. Whiteside, R. A. Deek, A. Simon-Soro, M. Brown, E. Cantu, A. R. Lanfranco, A. Haas, J. M. Diamond, H. Lee, J. D. Christie, F. D. Bushman, R. G. Collman
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY AND CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Natalia Molinero, Diego Taladrid, Irene Zorraquin-Pena, Miguel de Celis, Ignacio Belda, Alex Mira, Begona Bartolome, M. Victoria Moreno-Arribas
Summary: This study compared the differences in the oral microbiome between UC patients and healthy individuals. It found that UC patients have a decrease in alpha diversity and an imbalance in the relative proportions of some key members of the oral core microbiome. Additionally, specific Staphylococcus members and differential species were only present in UC patients.
CURRENT ISSUES IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Microbiology
Aurea Simon-Soro, Zhi Ren, Bastiaan P. Krom, Michel A. Hoogenkamp, Pedro J. Cabello-Yeves, Scott G. Daniel, Kyle Bittinger, Inmaculada Tomas, Hyun Koo, Alex Mira
Summary: This study investigates the structural organization of microbial aggregates in human saliva and their role in biofilm formation. It reveals that preformed microbial consortia adhere as buds of growth, governing biofilm initiation. These findings provide new insights into spatial and population heterogeneity development in complex ecosystems.