Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Patrice Marques, Elena Domingo, Arantxa Rubio, Sergio Martinez-Hervas, Juan F. Ascaso, Laura Piqueras, Jose T. Real, Maria-Jesus Sanz
Summary: Inhibiting PCSK9 function can impact systemic inflammation and endothelial dysfunction by constraining leukocyte-endothelium interactions, enhancing T-regulatory cell activation, and reducing inflammatory response.
BIOMEDICINE & PHARMACOTHERAPY
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Rahayu Zulkapli, Suhaila Abd Muid, Seok Mui Wang, Hapizah Nawawi
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the effects of PCSK9 inhibitors on PCSK9, targeted early atherogenesis biomarkers, and monocyte binding in stimulated human coronary artery endothelial cells (HCAEC). The results showed that PCSK9 inhibitors exerted anti-atherogenic effects by downregulating PCSK9 and early atherogenesis biomarkers, as well as significantly inhibiting monocyte adhesion to endothelial cells via the NF-kappa B and eNOS pathways. These findings suggest the potential role of PCSK9 inhibitors in preventing atherosclerosis-related complications.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Hui-Chun Huang, Shao-Jung Hsu, Ching-Chih Chang, Chiao-Lin Chuang, Ming-Chih Hou, Fa-Yauh Lee
Summary: Alirocumab treatment improves hyperlipidemia and systemic oxidative stress in biliary cirrhotic rats. However, it does not affect the plasma level of ox-LDL, intrahepatic inflammation and fibrosis. In addition, PCSK9 inhibition has a neutral effect on abnormal angiogenesis and hepatic encephalopathy in biliary cirrhotic rats.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Juan Vicente-Valor, Xandra Garcia-Gonzalez, Sara Ibanez-Garcia, Maria Esther Duran-Garcia, Ana de Lorenzo-Pinto, Carmen Rodriguez-Gonzalez, Irene Mendez-Fernandez, Juan Carlos Percovich-Hualpa, Ana Herranz-Alonso, Maria Sanjurjo-Saez
Summary: PCSK9 inhibitors have shown to be effective and safe in treating patients with hypercholesterolemia, with factors such as female sex, lack of concomitant lipid-lowering therapy, and treatment with alirocumab potentially influencing their effectiveness. The study found that 84.6% of patients achieved therapeutic goals, with drug-related adverse events affecting a portion of participants.
BIOMEDICINE & PHARMACOTHERAPY
(2022)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Arihiro Kiyosue, Satoshi Yasuda, Akiyoshi Tomura, Makiko Usami, Hidenori Arai
Summary: This study evaluated the safety and effectiveness of alirocumab in Japanese patients with familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) or non-FH in a real-world clinical setting. The study included treatment naive patients with hypercholesterolemia who had a high risk of developing cardiovascular events. Alirocumab showed effectiveness and was well tolerated in Japanese patients with hypercholesterolemia.
CIRCULATION JOURNAL
(2023)
Review
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Grzegorz Grzesk, Bednarska Dorota, Lukasz Wolowiec, Anna Wolowiec, Joanna Osiak, Mariusz Kozakiewicz, Joanna Banach
Summary: 4 million people die from cardiovascular diseases annually in Europe due to atherosclerosis. Lowering LDL cholesterol level is the main therapeutic goal, but only 43% of statin-taking patients achieved their targets. PCSK9 inhibitors are a new group of lipid-lowering drugs that can reduce LDL-C level.
BIOMEDICINE & PHARMACOTHERAPY
(2022)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Morasa Sheikhy, Sarah J. Schrieber, Qin Sun, Victoria Gershuny, Murali K. Matta, Jane P. F. Bai, Xiulian Du, Giri Vegesna, Aanchal Shah, Kristin Prentice, Colleen Nalepinski, Issam Zineh, Yow-Ming Wang, David G. Strauss, Jeffry Florian
Summary: The FDA guidance on biosimilars development suggests that comparative clinical efficacy studies can be replaced by pharmacokinetic (PK) and pharmacodynamic (PD) similarity studies. However, there is a lack of PD comparability studies in biosimilar development, making it unclear how to plan these studies effectively.
CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY & THERAPEUTICS
(2023)
Review
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Errika Voutyritsa, Christos Damaskos, Paraskevi Farmaki, Georgios Kyriakos, Evangelos Diamantis, Lourdes Victoria Quiles-Sanchez, Anna Garmpi, Nikolaos Garmpis, Alexandros Patsouras, Athanasia Stelianidi, Spyridon Savvanis
Summary: Statin intolerance refers to the inability of a patient to tolerate statin therapy, leading to high LDL-C levels and increased cardiovascular risk. PCSK9 inhibitors have shown to be effective in lowering LDL-C levels by up to 70% in statin-intolerant patients, making it a promising treatment option for these individuals.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Daniel J. Mcclintick, Robert P. Giugliano
Summary: PCSK9 inhibitors are a potent class of lipid-lowering therapies that are well tolerated and effective in a wide group of patients with high-risk atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Ongoing studies have the potential to broaden their indication, and alternative methods of PCSK9 inhibitors are being evaluated to provide easier and less expensive options for this important class of medication.
CURRENT OPINION IN LIPIDOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Cell Biology
Mikko Karpale, Janne Hukkanen, Jukka Hakkola
Summary: Atherosclerosis is a global health concern with high total and LDL cholesterol as the main risk factors. Understanding the factors influencing an individual's cholesterol levels during the formation of arteriosclerotic plaques is crucial. Activation of pregnane X receptor (PXR) has been shown to induce hypercholesterolemia and may play a role in drug-induced high cholesterol levels.
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Kjell-Erik Arnesen, Ann Vinh Phung, Karoline Randsborg, Irene Mork, Marlene Thorvall, Gisle Langslet, Arne Svilaas, Cecilie Wium, Leiv Ose, Kjetil Retterstol
Summary: The study aimed to investigate the long-term treatment effects of intensive lipid lowering medication and optimized lifestyle in patients with familial hypercholesterolemia. Results showed that under intensive treatment, the average LDL-C in FH patients was reduced to 3.0 mmol/L, with women having higher LDL-C levels than men. The majority of patients with established ASCVD at enrollment experienced new events during the study period, while FH patients in primary prevention had a low cardiovascular risk of 13% in ten years.
FRONTIERS IN PHARMACOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
S. Yu. Volkova, L. A. Boyarskaya, P. Yu. Toropygin, I. A. Morozov, E. A. Boyarskaya
Summary: The aim of this study was to analyze the experience of using PCSK9 inhibitors (alirocumab) in patients with very high cardiovascular risk based on real clinical practice. The results showed that alirocumab treatment in a day hospital of a multidisciplinary clinic, with a dose of 150 mg subcutaneously every 2 weeks for an average of 7.5 months, was well tolerated without adverse reactions or withdrawal syndrome. 90% of patients achieved the target levels of low density lipoprotein cholesterol (HS-LDL) or a significant reduction in HS-LDL levels.
RATIONAL PHARMACOTHERAPY IN CARDIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Cell Biology
Evangelia Dounousi, Constantinos Tellis, Paraskevi Pavlakou, Anila Duni, Vasillios Liakopoulos, Patrick B. Mark, Aikaterini Papagianni, Alexandros D. Tselepis
Summary: PCSK9 levels are correlated with endothelial dysfunction and lipid metabolism parameters in CKD patients, and statin intake significantly increases PCSK9 levels in this population, but is not associated with the severity of kidney disease.
OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY
(2021)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Marcin Basiak, Marcin Hachula, Michal Kosowski, Boguslaw Okopien
Summary: The study aimed to determine the efficacy of PCSK9 inhibitors in patients with isolated hypercholesterolemia. The results showed that PCSK9 inhibitors reduced plasma levels/activity of fibrinogen, factor VII, and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, suggesting potential benefits for patients who cannot tolerate or are contraindicated for statin use.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2022)
Review
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Aamina Shakir, Kyle Barron, Kalgi Modi
Summary: Familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) is a common autosomal dominant disease caused by mutations in the LDL receptor gene. The use of PCSK9 inhibitors shows promise in effectively reducing plasma cholesterol in FH patients. However, more research is needed to assess its long-term impact on cardiovascular outcomes and the cost-effectiveness.
CURRENT PROBLEMS IN CARDIOLOGY
(2023)
Editorial Material
Medicine, General & Internal
Van Trung Hoang, Vichit Chansomphou, Tien Hoai Vo, Duc Thanh Hoang
OXFORD MEDICAL CASE REPORTS
(2021)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Brandon Khoury, Mohamed K. M. Shakir, Thanh Duc Hoang
Summary: Classic galactosaemia is a severe inherited disorder that can lead to various symptoms and complications due to the inability to digest galactose. A case study reported a female patient diagnosed with classic galactosaemia in adulthood, who developed multiple complications not commonly seen in current literature.
Letter
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Mohamed K. M. Shakir, Daniel I. Brooks, Elizabeth A. McAninch, Tatiana De Lourdes Fonseca, Vinh Q. Mai, Antonio C. Bianco, Thanh D. Hoang
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM
(2022)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Ziyan S. Ahmed, Rinsha P. Sherin, Tatiana L. Fonseca, Thanh D. Hoang, Mohamed K. M. Shakir
Summary: We present a case of a 54-year-old man with treatment-resistant depression and hypothyroidism who responded to combination therapy with LT3/LT4, leading to discontinuation of all antidepressant medications. Interestingly, the patient has a DIO2 polymorphism.
CLINICAL CASE REPORTS
(2022)
Article
Obstetrics & Gynecology
Van Trung Hoang, The Huan Hoang, Thanh Tam Thi Nguyen, Vichit Chansomphou, Duc Thanh Hoang
Summary: This article presents a rare case of pituitary apoplexy and intracranial subdural hematoma occurring two days after spinal anesthesia for cesarean section. The patient experienced peripheral facial nerve paralysis, headache, and blurred vision, and was diagnosed using imaging modalities. The patient had a good recovery with conservative treatment.
CASE REPORTS IN OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
Van Trung Hoang, Minh Duc Nguyen, Hoang Anh Thi Van, Duc Thanh Hoang
Summary: Lymphatic malformation (LM), previously known as lymphangioma, is a rare, benign, cystic mass that arises from lymphatic vessels. Diagnosing retroperitoneal LMs can be challenging due to their resemblance to other retroperitoneal cystic tumors. This review provides an update on the fundamental and advanced issues associated with retroperitoneal LM, including epidemiology, histopathology, biomedicine, clinical manifestations, radiological features, differential diagnosis, and management.
JAPANESE JOURNAL OF RADIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Eric Kuhn, John R. Sanchez, Mohamed K. M. Shakir, Thanh Duc Hoang
Summary: This case highlights the importance of considering lymphoma in the differential diagnosis of adrenal insufficiency, especially in the elderly population and in cases with negative 21-hydroxlyase antibody results.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Ismail C. Ebrahim, Thanh D. Hoang, Nicole O. Vietor, John P. Schacht, Mohamed K. M. Shakir
Summary: Managing osteoporosis in patients with alkaptonuria can be challenging. This case report provides the first evidence of the effectiveness of teriparatide treatment following zoledronic acid therapy in treating osteoporosis and preventing fragility fractures in a patient with alkaptonuria.
CLINICAL CASE REPORTS
(2022)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Brendan K. Bowens, Eva Chou, David P. LaChance, James R. Huynh, Patrick Voorhees, Thanh C. Do, Mohamed K. M. Shakir, Thanh D. Hoang
Summary: A 51-year-old woman with thyroid eye disease and biopsy-proven pretibial myxedema was treated with teprotumumab and showed improvement.
CLINICAL CASE REPORTS
(2022)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Hoang Nguyen, Quynh Thu Nguyen, Zeyar Thet, Thanh D. Hoang
Summary: Non-diabetic hypoglycemia is rare and can be caused by various factors. It is crucial to promptly recognize and properly manage hypoglycemia in patients with neurofibromatosis 1 and hypothyroidism.
CLINICAL CASE REPORTS
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Lindsay T. Hoang, Jennifer S. Hatfield, Quan Nguyen, Mohamed K. M. Shakir, Thanh D. Hoang
Summary: We present a case of a 48-year-old female patient who suffered from stress fractures, musculoskeletal pain, and tooth loss. The diagnosis of hypophosphatasia was made based on clinical and laboratory findings, as well as ALPL genetic testing. This case underscores the significance of early diagnosis and appropriate treatment of hypophosphatasia in adults to prevent further complications.
CLINICAL CASE REPORTS
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Kevin F. Brown, Zachary W. Bloomer, Mohamed K. M. Shakir, Matthew J. Cognetti, Jeannie M. Muir, Thanh D. Hoang
Summary: When managing patients with differentiated thyroid cancers and lytic bone lesions, physicians should consider other etiologies besides bone metastases when there is no evidence of extensive cancer burden. We report a case of a young woman with papillary thyroid cancer who also had systemic mastocytosis. The patient's post-surgical thyroglobulin levels and imaging results did not match those expected for metastatic thyroid cancer, leading to the discovery of the co-occurrence of PTC and SM.
CLINICAL CASE REPORTS
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Tanner Slayden, Elizabeth M. Bauer, Mohamed K. M. Shakir, Thanh Duc Hoang
Summary: Complete androgen insensitivity syndrome (CAIS) results in a 46, XY karyotype with a female phenotype, leading to an increased risk of early osteoporosis due to disrupted androgen receptor signaling in bone cells. There is currently a lack of consensus on optimal strategies for improving bone health in this population, with various treatment plans and BMD profiles.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Thanh Duc Hoang, Nguyen T. Nguyen, Eva Chou, Mohamed K. M. Shakir
Summary: Teprotumumab, approved for thyroid eye disease, can lead to serious side effects such as cognitive decline and encephalopathy. Close monitoring and adjustment of treatment are necessary during therapy to manage potential risks effectively.
Article
Oncology
Travis D. Weaver, Mohamed K. M. Shakir, Thanh D. Hoang
Summary: The case study presented a young patient with primary hyperparathyroidism and a CDC73 mutation. The patient was diagnosed with hypercalcemia post-surgery and underwent successful treatment. Genetic testing revealed a mutation of the CDC73 gene, highlighting the importance of genetic screening in young patients with unexplained hyperparathyroidism.
CASE REPORTS IN ONCOLOGY
(2021)