Single-Dose Metformin Enhances Bile Acid–Induced Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Secretion in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes

Metformin alters the gut microbiome of individuals with treatment-naive type 2 diabetes, contributing to the therapeutic effects of the drug

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Cholecystokinin-Induced Gallbladder Emptying and Metformin Elicit Additive Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Responses

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Bile Acids Trigger GLP-1 Release Predominantly by Accessing Basolaterally Located G Protein–Coupled Bile Acid Receptors

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Metformin activates a duodenal Ampk–dependent pathway to lower hepatic glucose production in rats

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Farnesoid X receptor inhibits glucagon-like peptide-1 production by enteroendocrine L cells

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Metformin protects against lipoapoptosis and enhances GLP-1 secretion from GLP-1-producing cells

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