Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Danielle E. Levitt, Hui-Ying Luk, Jakob L. Vingren
Summary: Skeletal muscle mass is regulated by the balance between muscle protein synthesis (MPS) and degradation, which is controlled by intracellular signaling pathways like mTORC1. Alcohol use and resistance exercise (RE) can affect mTORC1 signaling, with acute alcohol impairing it and RE activating it. The effects of alcohol and RE on mTORC1 signaling are influenced by various factors, and there is a need for further research to fully understand their independent and combined impacts.
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
A. Saud, R. S. Luiz, A. P. O. Leite, C. R. Muller, I Visona, N. Reinecke, W. H. Silva, M. A. Gloria, C. Razvickas, D. E. Casarini, N. Schor
Summary: The study demonstrated that resistance exercise training can improve chronic kidney disease outcomes and enhance renal and muscular signaling pathways. RET appears to be an effective non-pharmacological approach for alleviating complications in CKD, with the AKT-mTOR pathway playing a significant role in these beneficial effects.
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Ana P. Pinto, Alisson L. da Rocha, Giovana R. Teixeira, Rafael L. Rovina, Allice S. C. Veras, Fabiani Frantz, Jose R. Pauli, Leandro P. de Moura, Dennys E. Cintra, Eduardo R. Ropelle, Joe Quadrilatero, Adelino S. R. da Silva
Summary: Excessive downhill running leads to hepatic fat accumulation, and is associated with increased levels of mTORC1 and insulin signaling. Rapamycin administration can inhibit mTORC1, but does not upregulate autophagy flux.
Article
Physiology
Satoru Ato, Takahiro Mori, Yuki Fujita, Taiga Mishima, Riki Ogasawara
Summary: The short-term high-fat diet induced lipid accumulation and insulin resistance, but did not affect the response of muscle protein synthesis to acute resistance exercise. The activation of mTORC1 and muscle protein synthesis in response to acute resistance exercise was not altered by the high-fat diet.
JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Henning T. Langer, Daniel West, Joan Senden, Simone Spuler, Luc J. C. van Loon, Keith Baar
Summary: The study investigates the cellular signals and protein synthesis rates in response to acute and chronic exercise. The findings reveal that anabolic signaling decreases after the second bout of acute exercise, while chronic exercise training leads to decreased baseline anabolic signaling but increased overall protein synthesis rates.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2022)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Gommaar D'Hulst, Evi Masschelein, Katrien De Bock
Summary: This study found that exercise enhances sensitivity of mTORC1 to leucine, which can last at least 48 hours. Exercise promotes the expression of amino acid transporters and uptake of leucine into muscles, leading to increased expression of genes involved in leucine sensing and amino acid metabolism. Additionally, exercise increased ATF4 protein expression.
MOLECULAR METABOLISM
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Ahlem Jebali, Maxime Battistella, Celeste Lebbe, Nicolas Dumaz
Summary: The network involving PI3K, AKT, and mTOR is important in melanoma oncogenesis, with RICTOR overexpression associated with poor prognosis. RICTOR enhances melanoma-initiating cells with stemness properties and contributes to resistance to BRAF inhibitors. An interaction between RICTOR and STAT3 in resistant cells, as well as a connection between RAS and RICTOR in resistant melanoma, were identified, suggesting RICTOR as a valuable therapeutic target in melanoma.
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Satoru Ato, Hiroshi Matsunami, Riki Ogasawara
Summary: The purpose of this study was to investigate if aging affects the influence of nutritional status on muscle protein metabolism during contraction. The study found that there were no differences in muscle protein synthesis between young and old mice in the fasted state. However, in the fed state, young mice had higher basal muscle protein synthesis and contraction only increased muscle protein synthesis in young mice. The results indicate that aging impairs the integration of signals from muscle contraction and nutrition, leading to anabolic resistance to muscle contraction in the postprandial state.
JOURNALS OF GERONTOLOGY SERIES A-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES AND MEDICAL SCIENCES
(2023)
Review
Sport Sciences
Lauren E. Skelly, Celine Bailleul, Jenna B. Gillen
Summary: Studies have shown that low-volume high-intensity interval training is beneficial for cardiorespiratory fitness in women and yields similar improvements in both men and women. Limited research suggests conflicting results regarding insulin sensitivity and skeletal muscle mitochondrial responses in women.
SPORTS MEDICINE-OPEN
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Hajar Alammar, Rayan Nassani, Mana M. Alshehri, Alaa A. Aljohani, Bahauddeen M. Alrfaei
Summary: Medulloblastoma, a fatal pediatric brain tumor, requires more treatment options for better patient outcomes. mTOR proteins are essential targets for therapy, but their use in medulloblastoma and other pediatric tumors is limited. Three generations of mTOR inhibitors have been developed, but clinical trials for medulloblastoma are lacking. A systematic review highlights resistance mechanisms of mTOR inhibitors in medulloblastoma, emphasizing the importance of combination therapy for better treatment outcomes.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Physiology
Andre Nyberg, Nadia Milad, Mickael Martin, Dany Patoine, Mathieu C. Morissette, Didier Saey, Francois Maltais
Summary: This study investigated the role of progression of training volume in intramuscular adaptations in patients with COPD undergoing resistance training. The findings suggest that continued progression of training volume can lead to improvements in fiber type distribution, muscle protein levels, and quadriceps endurance in patients with COPD. These findings highlight the importance of continued progression of training volume for counteracting quadriceps dysfunction in this population.
FRONTIERS IN PHYSIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Physiology
Brandon S. Shaw, Rohan Lloyd, Monica Da Silva, Donne Coetzee, Jason Moran, Sally P. W. Waterworth, Musa L. Mathunjwa, Ina Shaw
Summary: This study evaluated the efficacy of German Volume Training (GVT) in health settings and found that GVT significantly decreased blood pressure while increasing heart rate and perceived exertion. This suggests that GVT can be used in various health promotion settings.
FRONTIERS IN PHYSIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Sport Sciences
Wanderson Divino Nilo Dos Santos, Carlos A. Vieira, Martim Bottaro, Vitoria A. Nunes, Rodrigo Ramirez-Campillo, James Steele, James P. Fisher, Paulo Gentil
Summary: This study compared the acute response to resistance training performed to momentary failure (MF) or not to momentary failure (NF) in high velocity parallel squats. The total volume of repetitions was similar in both protocols, but the fatigue and discomfort levels were different, with higher levels reported in the MF protocol.
JOURNAL OF STRENGTH AND CONDITIONING RESEARCH
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Aayami Jaguri, Asmaa A. Al Thani, Mohamed A. Elrayess
Summary: Exercise has various beneficial effects on physical and mental well-being. Metabolomics research allows scientists to analyze the impact of exercise on the body by studying released metabolites. Different types of exercise, such as endurance training, resistance training, and combined endurance-resistance exercise, have distinct effects on metabolic pathways and adaptations. Studying exercise-induced metabolites can provide insights into the underlying mechanisms and facilitate the development of tailored exercise programs for optimal health and performance.
Article
Physiology
Ivan Jukic, Katarina Prnjak, Andrew King, Michael R. McGuigan, Eric R. Helms
Summary: This study aimed to examine the relationship between velocity loss and completed repetitions in the free-weight back squat exercise. The findings showed that there was poor agreement and prediction accuracy in using this relationship to prescribe training volume. Factors such as sex, training status, and personality traits did not influence the relationship. Therefore, it is not recommended to use velocity loss and completed repetitions as a monitoring tool for resistance training with back squats.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Cell Biology
Zhencheng Li, Lui Naslund-Koch, Carlos Henriquez-Olguin, Jonas R. Knudsen, Jingwen Li, Agnete B. Madsen, Satoru Ato, Jacob Wienecke, Riki Ogasawara, Jens B. Nielsen, Thomas E. Jensen
CELLULAR SIGNALLING
(2019)
Review
Physiology
Riki Ogasawara, Thomas E. Jensen, Craig A. Goodman, Troy A. Hornberger
EXERCISE AND SPORT SCIENCES REVIEWS
(2019)
Article
Physiology
Yuki Maruyama, Chisaki Ikeda, Koki Wakabayashi, Satoru Ato, Riki Ogasawara
JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY
(2020)
Article
Neurosciences
Riki Ogasawara, Jonas R. Knudsen, Jingwen Li, Satoru Ato, Thomas E. Jensen
JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-LONDON
(2020)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Satoru Ato, Yuki Maruyama, Hideo Yoshizato, Riki Ogasawara
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Takeshi Suginohara, Koki Wakabayashi, Satoru Ato, Riki Ogasawara
Summary: The study found that glycolysis plays an important role in basal protein synthesis but does not affect protein synthesis induced by high-intensity muscle contraction. Glycolysis regulates both the basal and high-intensity muscle contraction-induced mTORC1 signaling, and may play key roles in skeletal muscle adaptation to high-intensity muscle contraction.
METABOLISM-CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL
(2021)
Article
Biology
Satoru Ato, Riki Ogasawara
Summary: The study revealed that myonuclear number in individual muscle fibers is positively correlated with MPS under basal conditions, while ribosomal protein S6 (rpS6) content also showed a positive correlation with MPS. However, when MPS was increased through high-intensity muscle contraction, the correlation between myonuclear number and MPS disappeared, but the relationship between rpS6 and MPS remained.
JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Takahiro Mori, Satoru Ato, Jonas R. Knudsen, Carlos Henriquez-Olguin, Zhencheng Li, Koki Wakabayashi, Takeshi Suginohara, Kazuhiko Higashida, Yuki Tamura, Koichi Nakazato, Thomas E. Jensen, Riki Ogasawara
Summary: The study found that c-Myc overexpression is sufficient to stimulate skeletal muscle ribosome biogenesis and protein synthesis without activation of mTORC1. This may provide new insights into the mechanisms of ribosome biogenesis and protein synthesis following high-intensity muscle contractions.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-ENDOCRINOLOGY AND METABOLISM
(2021)
Article
Physiology
Satoru Ato, Takahiro Mori, Yuki Fujita, Taiga Mishima, Riki Ogasawara
Summary: The short-term high-fat diet induced lipid accumulation and insulin resistance, but did not affect the response of muscle protein synthesis to acute resistance exercise. The activation of mTORC1 and muscle protein synthesis in response to acute resistance exercise was not altered by the high-fat diet.
JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Cell Biology
Satoru Ato, So-ichiro Fukada, Hiroki Kokubo, Riki Ogasawara
Summary: The activation of SCs and myonuclear accretion play a crucial role in angiogenesis during overload-induced muscle hypertrophy, independent of angiogenesis regulators.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-CELL PHYSIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Kazuhiko Higashida, Sachika Inoue, Nodoka Takeuchi, Satoru Ato, Riki Ogasawara, Naoya Nakai
Summary: The study revealed that severe iron deficiency leads to decreased muscle protein synthesis, both in basal and contraction-induced states. This is likely due to the downregulation of protein synthesis signaling pathways in skeletal muscle.
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Satoru Ato, Hiroshi Matsunami, Riki Ogasawara
Summary: The purpose of this study was to investigate if aging affects the influence of nutritional status on muscle protein metabolism during contraction. The study found that there were no differences in muscle protein synthesis between young and old mice in the fasted state. However, in the fed state, young mice had higher basal muscle protein synthesis and contraction only increased muscle protein synthesis in young mice. The results indicate that aging impairs the integration of signals from muscle contraction and nutrition, leading to anabolic resistance to muscle contraction in the postprandial state.
JOURNALS OF GERONTOLOGY SERIES A-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES AND MEDICAL SCIENCES
(2023)
Review
Physiology
Michael D. Roberts, John J. McCarthy, Troy A. Hornberger, Stuart M. Phillips, Abigail L. Mackey, Gustavo A. Nader, Marni D. Boppart, Andreas N. Kavazis, Paul T. Reidy, Riki Ogasawara, Cleiton A. Libardi, Carlos Ugrinowitsch, Frank W. Booth, Karyn A. Esser
Summary: Mechanisms underlying mechanical overload-induced muscle hypertrophy have been extensively researched. Most studies support the involvement of enhanced mTORC1 signaling, expansion of translational capacity, increased satellite cell abundance and myonuclear accretion, and increased muscle protein synthesis rates. However, additional mechanisms may also be involved.
PHYSIOLOGICAL REVIEWS
(2023)
Article
Physiology
Junya Takegaki, Riki Ogasawara, Karina Kouzaki, Satoshi Fujita, Koichi Nakazato, Naokata Ishii
JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGICAL SCIENCES
(2020)
Article
Physiology
Junya Takegaki, Riki Ogasawara, Takaya Kotani, Yuki Tamura, Ryo Takagi, Koichi Nakazato, Naokata Ishii
PHYSIOLOGICAL REPORTS
(2019)