Review
Neurosciences
Haoyang Tian, Haozheng Zhu, Chenhao Gao, Mingxia Shi, Dekun Yang, Mingyu Jin, Fenghua Wang, Xiaohong Sui
Summary: During the past decades, the potential effects of extremely low-frequency electromagnetic fields (ELF-EMFs) on human health have gained significant attention worldwide. While there have been guidelines for magnetic field limits, further research is needed to explore the long-term effects of ELF-EMFs on organisms and systems, particularly the induced electrotherapy and potential impacts on human health under different frequencies and fields. This article systematically reviews the in vivo experimental outcomes and corresponding mechanisms to provide insights into the safety considerations of ELF-EMFs and advance the future application of electrotherapy in human health.
FRONTIERS IN NEUROSCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
J. Misek, J. Jakus, K. Hamza Sladicekova, L. Zastko, M. Veternik, V. Jakusova, I. Belyaev
Summary: Cell phones expose significant parts of the human brain and head to extremely low frequency (ELF) magnetic fields (MF) classified by the IARC as a 2B carcinogen. Measurements and simulations showed that the ELF MF emitted by cell phones can reach levels comparable to those known to induce biological and health effects, including carcinogenesis. Understanding the exposure and combined effects of radiofrequency and ELF electromagnetic fields is important for future studies.
FRONTIERS IN PHYSICS
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Aleksandra Cios, Martyna Ciepielak, Wanda Stankiewicz, Lukasz Szymanski
Summary: The variety of electromagnetic field (EMF) sources in our environment, including high-voltage lines, household appliances, mobile phones, and radar devices, is increasing due to the development of new technologies and industry. Despite many studies on the effects of EMF on human health, no significant effects have been found on mammals, including humans. Additionally, it is not fully understood how EMF influences cell behavior.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Liran Shmuel Raz-Steinkrycer, Jonathan Dubnov, Stelian Gelberg, Peng Jia, Boris A. Portnov
Summary: The study found that employees working near high-voltage power lines experienced both physiological and psychological effects, including feelings of weakness, headache, frustration, worry, eye pain, sleepiness, dizziness, and ear pain. Therefore, proximity to high-voltage power lines should be considered a public health issue.
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Nelson A. Enegbuma, Soochan Kim
Summary: This study evaluated the intensity and distribution of DC and AC electromagnetic fields generated by an electric vehicle, revealing levels below harmful limits set by regulatory agencies. A correlation was established between the AC and DC components of the EMF, varying with the vehicle's operation, and equipment used in literature were summarized for further contributions to the field.
JOURNAL OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Raffaella Lazzarini, Maria Elexpuru-Zabaleta, Francesco Piva, Matteo Giulietti, Gianluca Fulgenzi, Maria Fiorella Tartaglione, Laura Zingaretti, Adriano Tagliabracci, Matteo Valentino, Lory Santarelli, Massimo Bracci
Summary: This study analyzed the effects of exposure to extremely low-frequency electromagnetic fields (ELF-MF) on breast cancer cells. The results showed that ELF-MF increased cell viability, cellular morphology, oxidative stress response, and altered proteomic profile in breast cancer cells. Moreover, ELF-MF exposure also affected cell adhesion, migration, and invasion abilities, as well as induced changes in mitochondrial function.
ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Wanqiu Chen, Yingrong Zhang, Zhenhua Shi
Summary: This study found that exposure to 50 Hz, 3 mT ELF-EMF can enhance the pathogenicity, growth rate, and conidia generation of Magnaporthe oryzae. The exposed M. oryzae also showed increased tolerance to cell wall-perturbing agents and increased expression of cell wall integrity-related genes. These findings present new challenges for understanding the effects of ELF-EMF exposure on farmland ecology, especially on agricultural diseases.
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
(2023)
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Yingjiao Li, Chaoxia Sun, He Zhou, Hongji Huang, Yijie Chen, Xinle Duan, Shaokang Huang, Jianghong Li
Summary: This study investigated the effects of ELF-EMFs on honeybee larvae. The results showed that ELF-EMF exposure decreased the survival rate and body weight of larvae, extended the duration of development, and seriously interfered with their growth and development.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Zhizhou Huang, Mikako Ito, Shaochuan Zhang, Takuro Toda, Jun-ichi Takeda, Tomoo Ogi, Kinji Ohno
Summary: This study found that exposure to ELF-EMF for 3 hours can activate acetylation of HSPs, enhance protein folding, and have positive effects on cells.
ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY
(2023)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Giulio Gualdi, Erica Costantini, Marcella Reale, Paolo Amerio
Summary: Wound healing is a complex process involving various dynamic phases like hemostasis, inflammation, new tissue formation, and tissue remodeling. Infection with biofilm presence is a key factor leading to chronic wounds. The interaction between ELF-EMFs and healing can effectively modulate inflammation and tissue remodeling processes.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Electrochemistry
Chun-Hong Chen, Hsiang-Pin Huang, Ling-Sheng Jang, Min-Haw Wang
Summary: The study presented an electrical equivalent model with microtubules for analyzing the division process of human breast cancer cells under ELF-EMF. It was found that ELF-EMF influences the assembly of microtubules, which in turn affects cell spreading, mitosis, and division stages.
ELECTROCHIMICA ACTA
(2021)
Article
Biology
Neha Agrawal, Kalyani Verma, Doli Baghel, Amitabh Chauhan, Dipti N. Prasad, Sanjeev K. Sharma, Ekta Kohli
Summary: Results showed that ELF-EMF had significant effects on the crawling ability, survival rate, and oxidative stress of Drosophila melanogaster, especially in acute exposure of third-stage instar larvae and chronic exposure (from egg to adult fly stage).
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RADIATION BIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Cell Biology
Angelika Klimek, Anna Nowakowska, Hanna Kletkiewicz, Joanna Wyszkowska, Justyna Maliszewska, Milena Jankowska, Lukasz Peplowski, Justyna Rogalska
Summary: This study aimed to evaluate the effects of repeated exposure to extremely low-frequency electromagnetic field (EMF) on oxidative stress and antioxidant defense markers in the prefrontal cortex of adult rats, and to explore whether repeated EMF exposure can modify the oxidative/antioxidative status in response to other stress factors. The results showed that repeated exposure to EMF changed the oxidative/antioxidative status depending on the intensity of the EMF and the number of exposures. Weak EMF could adapt to the organism, while strong EMF exceeded the organism's adaptive capacity and increased oxidative processes when exposed to the next stress factor.
OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY
(2022)
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Behnaz Rashidieh, Alireza Madjid Ansari, Mahdi Behdani, Behrad Darvishi, Mahdi Habibi-Anbouhi
Summary: The expression of proteins in bacterial host cells, particularly E.coli, has been a subject of interest. However, low expression outcome has limited its large-scale application in industry. This study investigated the effects of extremely low frequency magnetic fields (ELF-MFs) on protein expression in E.coli, and found that specific ELF-MF conditions can enhance protein expression.
ANALYTICAL BIOCHEMISTRY
(2022)
Article
Biology
Min-Haw Wang, Kuan-Wei Chen, Ding-Xung Ni, Hao-Jha Fang, Ling-Sheng Jang, Chun-Hong Chen
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the impact of specific pulsed electromagnetic fields on the proliferation of breast cancer cells. The results showed that exposure to a specific ELF-EMF pattern could induce Ca2+ influx in MDA-MB-231 cells, leading to apoptosis and inhibiting cancer cell growth.
ELECTROMAGNETIC BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
Xiaofei Tian, Yue Lv, Yixiang Fan, Ze Wang, Biao Yu, Chao Song, Qingyou Lu, Chuanying Xi, Li Pi, Xin Zhang
Summary: The study assessed the biological effects of 7.0-33.0 T static magnetic fields on healthy adult mice, with most indicators showing no significant changes and exposure for 1 hour did not have detrimental effects on normal adult mice.
JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING
(2021)
Article
Cell Biology
Zhiyuan Li, Xin Zhang
Summary: The study found that mitotic ULK1 and ATG13 are substrates of the key cell cycle regulator CDK1-CCNB, and CDK1-induced phosphorylation promotes cell cycle progression and tumor cell proliferation, significantly affecting both processes.
Review
Biology
Yixiang Fan, Xinmiao Ji, Lei Zhang, Xin Zhang
Summary: Studies have shown that static magnetic fields have positive effects on pain relief, with factors such as treatment time and pain types influencing the outcomes. Higher intensity and treatment time may lead to better pain relief effects. Initial mechanistic studies suggest that membrane receptors may be involved in the analgesic effects of static magnetic fields.
BIOELECTROMAGNETICS
(2021)
Article
Oncology
Xingxing Yang, Chao Song, Lei Zhang, Junjun Wang, Xin Yu, Biao Yu, Vitalii Zablotskii, Xin Zhang
Summary: Studies have shown that 9.4 Tesla high-field magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has advantages in improving image resolution and capacity, with its safety being validated. Additionally, moderate to high intensity Static Magnetic Fields (SMFs) have anti-cancer effects. Among which, the upward direction 9.4 T SMF significantly inhibits lung cancer growth and affects cellular functions in vitro.
TRANSLATIONAL ONCOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Lihong Zhang, Chaowen Chen, Jia Zhang, Bin Liu, Guopeng Teng, Junjun Wang, Xin Zhang, Dongqing Cai, Zhengyan Wu
Summary: In this study, an alternating magnetic field-responsive controlled-release system, MRCIN, was developed for the efficient release of IM. By manipulating the frequency and voltage, it demonstrated excellent controlled-release performance and showed potential for sustainable pest control and green agriculture. This system also exhibited good biocompatibility and recyclability, providing a promising approach to reduce environmental pollution.
ACS SUSTAINABLE CHEMISTRY & ENGINEERING
(2021)
Article
Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
Yue Lv, Yixiang Fan, Xiaofei Tian, Biao Yu, Chao Song, Chuanlin Feng, Lei Zhang, Xinmiao Ji, Vitalii Zablotskii, Xin Zhang
Summary: Exposure to 11.1-33.0 T SMF for 1 hour or 7 T SMF for 8 hours did not have detrimental effects on healthy or depressed mice, instead, these ultra-high field SMFs have anti-depressive potentials.
JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING
(2022)
Article
Cell Biology
Chuanlin Feng, Biao Yu, Chao Song, Junjun Wang, Lei Zhang, Xinmiao Ji, Ying Wang, Yanwen Fang, Zhongcai Liao, Min Wei, Xin Zhang
Summary: This study showed that moderate static magnetic fields (SMFs) can effectively reduce blood glucose levels and alleviate diabetic complications in mice. The SMFs improved wound healing, reduced liver lipid accumulation, and improved renal defects. In vitro experiments also demonstrated that SMFs could decrease oxidative stress and improve cell vitality, proliferation, and migration. These findings suggest that SMF therapy may be a cost-effective physical therapy strategy for multiple diabetic complications.
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Kun Ma, Ze Wang, Tongxiang Tao, Shuai Xu, Sajid Ur Rehman, Xu Yan, Jun Fang, Ruiguo Chen, Hui Wang, Xin Zhang, Can Xie, Yang Lu, Qingyou Lu, Junfeng Wang
Summary: In this study, the size and uniformity of magnetic nanoparticles were controlled by applying gradient magnetic fields during the solvothermal method. The results show that stronger magnetic fields result in smaller nanoparticles, and greater product of the applied field and its gradient lead to better uniformity. In vitro and in vivo experiments demonstrate that magnetic field treatment produces uniform nanoparticles with improved T-1 contrast performance.
ACS APPLIED NANO MATERIALS
(2022)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Hongji Liu, Junjun Wang, Chao Song, Ke Zhou, Biao Yu, Jialiang Jiang, Junchao Qian, Xin Zhang, Hui Wang
Summary: A nanozyme consisting of iron oxide nanocrystals embedded in N-doped carbon nanosheets has been designed for synergistic cascade tumor therapy triggered by near-infrared light, showing promising potential for imaging-guided cancer treatment. This nanozyme can generate Fe2+/Fe3+ in a weak acid environment, induce thermal ablation of cancer cells, and enhance oxidative stress through the Fenton reaction and glutathione peroxidase activity.
ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES
(2022)
Article
Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
Xiaofei Tian, Chentai Wang, Biao Yu, Yixiang Fan, Lei Zhang, Xin Zhang
Summary: 9.4 T SMF has anti-tumor effects and can enhance the anti-tumor effect of imatinib mesylate while reducing its side effects and improving mental health in mice.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MEDICINE AND MOLECULAR IMAGING
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Yixiang Fan, Xin Yu, Biao Yu, Xinmiao Ji, Xiaofei Tian, Chao Song, Xin Zhang
Summary: Living organisms, including mice, can benefit from long-term exposure to a moderate static magnetic field (SMF) by improving lifespan and healthspan. The experiments showed that SMFs significantly enhanced exploratory and locomotive activities in aged mice, as well as their spatial learning ability and memory. Additionally, SMFs reduced oxidative stress in the brain of aged mice, suggesting their potential as an adjuvant physical therapy to reduce aging-related health risks in animals and humans.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Xin Yu, Xinmiao Ji, Yixiang Fan, Biao Yu, Xinyu Wang, Chuanlin Feng, Lei Zhang, Chao Song, Xin Zhang
Summary: Moderate static magnetic fields (SMFs) can reduce cisplatin-induced kidney toxicity by inhibiting cell death and reducing oxidative stress. This novel physical method shows potential for mitigating the side effects of cisplatin in cancer treatment.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Junjun Wang, Xiaofei Tian, Chuanlin Feng, Chao Song, Biao Yu, Ying Wang, Xinmiao Ji, Xin Zhang
Summary: KimH3 is a kinase that can phosphorylate H3Ser10 in both interphase and mitosis, and it is upregulated in various human cancers. Its high expression is associated with reduced median survival time in cancer patients. CDK1 phosphorylates KimH3 in mitosis, while EGF activates it in interphase, and both processes regulate the phosphorylation of H3Ser10.
Article
Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
Md Hasanuzzaman Khan, Xinfeng Huang, Xiaofei Tian, Changjie Ouyang, Dongmei Wang, Shuang Feng, Jutao Chen, Tian Xue, Jin Bao, Xin Zhang
Summary: This study evaluated the effects of 3.5-23.0 T SMF exposure on mouse behavior. The results showed that short exposures to high-field SMFs had minimal side effects on healthy mice and may even have positive effects on mood and memory.
EUROPEAN RADIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Biao Yu, Juanjuan Liu, Jing Cheng, Lei Zhang, Chao Song, Xiaofei Tian, Yixiang Fan, Yue Lv, Xin Zhang
Summary: Research indicates that a downward static magnetic field can effectively reduce symptoms in high-fat-diet-induced T2D mice and improve related conditions, offering a low-cost non-invasive method for preventing and treating T2D in the future.