4.7 Article

In silico-in vitro-in vivo studies of experimentally designed carvedilol loaded silk fibroin-casein nanoparticles using physiological based pharmacokinetic model

Journal

Publisher

ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2016.12.052

Keywords

Silk fibroin; Carvedilol nanoparticles; LC-MS/MS; Gastroplus (TM); In silico simulation

Funding

  1. University Grants Commission (UGC), Government of India under UGC BSR [F-7-32/2007 BSR]

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The study aimed to design and develop carvedilol loaded silk fibroin-casein nanoparticles using 3(2) full factorial design. Silk fibroin and casein concentration were selected as the independent variables and their effect were observed on dependent variables: particle size, polydispersity index, encapsulation efficiency, drug release, and dissolution efficiency. The developed optimized formulation was characterized using fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, and Powder X-ray diffraction. Surface morphology of optimized formulation using scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and atomic force microscopy revealed spherical nature of particles without any evidence of aggregation. The optimized formulation showed a 2.04-fold increase in C-max, and 6.87- fold increase in bioavailability as compared to aqueous suspension. The formulation showed sustained release as confirmed by increases in mean residence time. The in vivo in silica simulation using physiologically based pharmacokinetics (PBPK) model and population simulation (100 subjects) revealed a reasonable degree of superimposition of simulated and observed pharmacokinetic parameters based on overall fold error (<= 2.0). The enhanced bioavailability with sustained effect demonstrates potential of silk fibroin as an alternative carrier for drug delivery and presents Gastoplus (TM) as efficient tool for in vivo in silica simulations. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

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