Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Richard Ducatelle, Evy Goossens, Venessa Eeckhaut, Filip Van Immerseel
Summary: Intestinal health is crucial for digestion and nutrient absorption, which directly impacts performance. High performing poultry lines often face intestinal health issues due to high feed intake, putting pressure on the digestive system. Excess undigested nutrients can lead to dysbiosis and inflammation, causing gut leakage. This paper reviews key factors and nutritional tools to support intestinal health.
Article
Chemistry, Medicinal
Yang Liu, Siyuan Xu, Qiudie Cai, Dawei Li, Hongye Li, Weidong Yang
Summary: In this study, we investigated the interaction between okadaic acid (OA) and gut microbiota using an in vitro fermentation experiment. We found that OA can reshape the bacterial composition and lead to the production of various metabolites. Our findings confirmed the direct interaction between OA and gut bacteria, providing valuable evidence for understanding the metabolic process and complex toxicity of OA.
Review
Microbiology
Shukai Zhan, Na Li, Caiguang Liu, Ren Mao, Dongxuan Wu, Tong Li, Minhu Chen, Xiaojun Zhuang, Zhirong Zeng
Summary: The intestinal microbiota plays a crucial role in the causative and preventive effects of intestinal fibrosis, as well as in the relationships with fibrosis in other organs. Colonized microbes are associated with fibrosis through their structural components and metabolic products, potentially regulating inflammation, fibroblast activation, and extracellular matrix formation in different organs. The findings suggest that understanding the mechanisms by which intestinal microbiota regulate fibrotic processes in other organs could provide insights for studying prospective mechanisms in intestinal fibrosis.
FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Food Science & Technology
Lili Jiang, Dandan Han, Youling Hao, Zhuan Song, Zhiyuan Sun, Zhaolai Dai
Summary: Serotonin produced by EC cells in the gut is crucial for maintaining gut function and homeostasis. The interactions between dietary factors, gut microbiota, and gut serotonin play important roles in gut metabolism and immune function, but the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood.
CRITICAL REVIEWS IN FOOD SCIENCE AND NUTRITION
(2023)
Article
Agriculture, Multidisciplinary
Chu Wan, Kaizhang Wu, Xingyu Lu, Fang Fang, Yaqian Li, Yumin Zhao, Shubo Li, Jie Gao
Summary: The study found that different culture media have varying effects on the bacterial community structure and metabolites, with the AMB medium being the most effective in maintaining a stable bacterial community structure and producing fewer metabolites and short-chain fatty acids. Culturing with AMB medium for 48 hours is considered the most suitable in vitro model for human gut microbiota fermentation, providing an alternative approach for diet and health research.
JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY
(2021)
Article
Food Science & Technology
Nidhi Sori, Nafee Chundanga Poyil, Mahejibin Khan
Summary: This study investigated the effects of Kodo millet (KOM) and Kutki millet (KUM) on gut microbiota and metabolites in human fecal samples. The results showed that different millet groups had varying effects on gut microbiota and metabolites, with different abundances of specific metabolites. The study also identified correlations between beneficial metabolites and specific bacterial genera, and confirmed the upregulation of various metabolic pathways in millet groups.
Article
Microbiology
Austin Campbell, Kristi Gdanetz, Alexander W. W. Schmidt, Thomas M. M. Schmidt
Summary: Hydrogen gas (H-2) produced during carbohydrate fermentation in the human gut microbiome can modulate fermentation and may differentiate individual microbiomes and metabolites. High concentrations of H-2 stimulate the production of anti-inflammatory butyrate, while gut methanogenesis decreases butyrate production and impacts the competitive fitness of butyrate producers.
Article
Food Science & Technology
Ville M. Koistinen, Maria Hedberg, Lin Shi, Anders Johansson, Otto Savolainen, Marko Lehtonen, Anna-Marja Aura, Kati Hanhineva, Rikard Landberg
Summary: This study used metabolomics to identify seven microbial metabolites commonly produced during fermentation and found that a mixture of these metabolites exhibited stronger inhibition against bacteria compared to individual compounds. The results suggest that metabolites produced by LAB may modulate local microbial ecology through synergistic effects.
MOLECULAR NUTRITION & FOOD RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Haidi Xu, Bradley L. Reuhs, Thaisa M. Cantu-Jungles, Yunus E. Tuncil, Amandeep Kaur, Anton Terekhov, Eric C. Martens, Bruce R. Hamaker
Summary: This study investigated the relationship between fine structure and fermentability of Corn arabinoxylan (CAX) by the human gut microbiota. The analysis revealed an organized structural feature of CAX, with complex branching patterns. Contrary to conventional views, smaller fiber structures with higher branch complexity fermented slower.
CARBOHYDRATE POLYMERS
(2022)
Article
Food Science & Technology
Ying Yang, Wenyang Tao, Wanyi Zhou, Jingrui Li, Jianrong Xing, Mengfan Luo, Quanqing Tan
Summary: This study used an in vitro fermentation system to investigate the effects of long-term/short-term DOLP treatment on the gut microbiota. The results suggest that continuous consumption for 5 days is the most effective duration for adjusting the gut microbiota.
JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL FOODS
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Chuan Zhang, Leilei Yu, Qixiao Zhai, Ruohan Zhao, Jianxin Zhao, Hao Zhang, Wei Chen, Fengwei Tian
Summary: This study utilized an in vitro fermentation system combined with microbiome and metabolome technologies to investigate the interaction between heparin and the gut microbiota. The findings indicate that heparin can be utilized by the gut microbiota, resulting in the production of significant amounts of short chain fatty acids and a decrease in pH. Furthermore, the addition of heparin influenced the relative abundance of specific bacterial species in the gut.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Xincheng Wu, Xiaojun Huang, Wanning Ma, Mingzhi Li, Jiajia Wen, Chunhua Chen, Liandi Liu, Shaoping Nie
Summary: This study compared the intestinal immunomodulatory mechanisms of nine representative bioactive polysaccharides. The results revealed that these polysaccharides promote intestinal immunity through different ways, such as alleviating immune suppression in intestinal mucosal T cells, improving the intestinal microenvironment, promoting the colonization of beneficial bacteria, inhibiting the colonization of harmful bacteria, and alleviating the accumulation of certain metabolites in the large intestine. These findings provide a guideline for the development of superior intestinal immunomodulatory polysaccharides.
Review
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Vineet Singh, HyunWoo Son, GyuDae Lee, Sunwoo Lee, Tatsuya Unno, Jae-Ho Shin
Summary: Dietary studies are crucial for understanding the impact of food substances on health, with in vivo and in vitro experiments being able to assess changes in gut microbiota and metabolites.
BIOTECHNOLOGY AND BIOENGINEERING
(2022)
Article
Polymer Science
Ruohan Zhao, Chuan Zhang, Leilei Yu, Chengcheng Zhang, Jianxin Zhao, Arjan Narbad, Qixiao Zhai, Fengwei Tian
Summary: This study investigated the effects of hyaluronan (HA) with different molecular weights (MW) on gut microbiota and metabolites through in vitro fermentation. The results showed that gut microbiota can utilize all HAs and produce large amounts of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). Additionally, HA has various regulatory effects on the structure and metabolites of the gut microbiota, and these effects are correlated with changes in metabolic markers. Overall, the fermentation properties of HA vary across MW, providing insights into the potential association between HA MW and its fermentation characteristics by the gut microbiota.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Christine A. Butts, Gunaranjan Paturi, Duncan I. Hedderley, Sheridan Martell, Hannah Dinnan, Halina Stoklosinski, Elizabeth A. Carpenter
Summary: Antibiotics can cause unintended consequences on gut microbiota, while cow and goat milk show potential in restoring bacterial populations and metabolism post-antibiotic-induced dysbiosis in this rat model study.
Article
Ecology
Rodolfo Martinez-Mota, Kevin D. Kohl, Teri J. Orr, M. Denise Dearing
Article
Ornithology
Mae Berlow, Kevin D. Kohl, Elizabeth P. Derryberry
Editorial Material
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Brian K. Trevelline, Jessica F. Stephenson, Kevin D. Kohl
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Samantha S. Fontaine, Kevin D. Kohl
Review
Biology
Kevin D. Kohl
PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES
(2020)
Article
Biology
Samantha S. Fontaine, Kevin D. Kohl
PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES
(2020)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Kirsty J. MacLeod, Kevin D. Kohl, Brian K. Trevelline, Tracy Langkilde
Summary: The gut microbiota of vertebrates can be significantly influenced by stress-related glucocorticoid hormones, with effects varying based on gestational state and stage. Experimental elevation of CORT altered microbiome characteristics, increasing diversity in late-gestation females, and impacting microbial community membership. Contextual factors, such as reproductive stages, play a crucial role in interpreting stress effects on gut microbiota in ecology.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Sara B. Weinstein, Rodolfo Martinez-Mota, Tess E. Stapleton, Dylan M. Klure, Robert Greenhalgh, Teri J. Orr, Colin Dale, Kevin D. Kohl, M. Denise Dearing
Summary: This study found that geography, diet, and host genetics account for nearly 50% of microbiome variation, with diet and microbiome diversity being correlated. Host genetic background is the most significant predictor of microbiome composition and stability, indicating the important role of genetics in shaping the microbiome structure in closely related hosts.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Brian K. Trevelline, Kevin D. Kohl
Summary: This study demonstrates that the gut microbiome can influence host diet selection behavior by mediating the availability of essential amino acids, revealing a mechanism by which gut microbiota can regulate host foraging behavior.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2022)
Article
Ecology
Elizabeth N. Rudzki, Sara E. Kuebbing, David R. Clark, Burhan Gharaibeh, Mary J. Janecka, Rachael Kramp, Kevin D. Kohl, Talia Mastalski, Michel E. B. Ohmer, Martin M. Turcotte, Corinne L. Richards-Zawacki
Summary: Field research is crucial for career development in various academic fields. However, conducting research in field settings poses health and safety risks, with marginalized researchers facing greater risks. Failure to actively mitigate these additional risks can hinder qualified investigators from participating in field research and undermine efforts to improve diversity, equity, and inclusion in the field of science.
METHODS IN ECOLOGY AND EVOLUTION
(2022)
Article
Zoology
Elizabeth N. Rudzki, Kevin D. Kohl
Summary: This study investigates the accessibility of biological field stations, revealing significant deficits in areas such as entrance accessibility, kitchens, and bathrooms. The authors propose solutions to improve infrastructure and suggest increasing federal funding opportunities to promote compliance with ADA standards and broaden diversity initiatives to make field stations more inclusive.
INTEGRATIVE AND COMPARATIVE BIOLOGY
(2023)
Editorial Material
Biology
Samantha S. Fontaine, Kevin D. Kohl
Summary: Climate change and global warming pose a significant threat to ectothermic animals worldwide. The response of ectotherms to environmental warming is significantly influenced by host-associated microbial communities. However, there are still unanswered questions about these relationships before accurate predictions can be made.
JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Biology
Rachael D. Kramp, Kevin D. Kohl, Jessica F. Stephenson
Summary: This study examined the relationship between the skin microbiome of Trinidadian guppies and fish activity level and shoaling tendency. The results showed that the richness of the skin-associated bacterial community was correlated with behavior in females, but not in males. This suggests a sex-specific physiological interaction between the skin microbiome and host behavior.
Review
Microbiology
Ting-bei Bo, Kevin D. Kohl
Summary: Natal philopatry, the behavior where animals return to their birthplaces for reproduction after sexual maturity, may be influenced not only by factors like genetic optimization and living conditions, but also by the colonization of gut microbiota during early life. The establishment of gut microbiota has significant impacts on animal development, potentially impacting energy metabolism, immune system training, and cognitive development. This overlooked factor could play a key role in the evolution of natal philopatry and the adaptation of animals to their environment.
Article
Ornithology
Julianne Newman, Maya Maurer, Jennifer Sorensen Forbey, Rolf Brittas, Orjan Johansson, Olafur K. Nielsen, Tomas Willebrand, Kevin D. Kohl
Summary: This study found that grouse may utilize a yield-maximizing digestion strategy characterized by relatively long gut retention times and generally lower activities of digestive enzymes. This strategy could be related to the consumption of plants with compounds known to inhibit digestive enzymes.
JOURNAL OF ORNITHOLOGY
(2021)