Article
Pathology
Christine Sempoux, Annette S. H. Gouw, Vincent Dunet, Valerie Paradis, Charles Balabaud, Paulette Bioulac-Sage
Summary: This study demonstrates that different CTNNB1 mutations in hepatocellular adenoma lead to variable patterns of glutamine synthetase expression, which can predict the risk of malignant transformation. The identified GS patterns show sensitivity in predicting CTNNB1 mutations, particularly in exon 3 S45 mutations.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SURGICAL PATHOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Plant Sciences
Chun Zhang, Qin Yu, Heping Han, Chaojie Yu, Alex Nyporko, Xingshan Tian, Hugh Beckie, Stephen Powles
Summary: This study reveals a naturally occurring mutation in glutamine synthetase that confers resistance to glufosinate in Eleusine indica. The molecular basis of target site glufosinate resistance in E. indica was established, and a mutant EiGS1-1 gene was found to confer glufosinate resistance in rice. Structural modeling showed that the mutation in EiGS1-1 affects important binding residues, suggesting parallel evolution of this resistance mutation.
JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY
(2022)
Review
Plant Sciences
Kim-Teng Lee, Hong-Sheng Liao, Ming-Hsiun Hsieh
Summary: Glutamine (Gln) is the first synthesized amino acid in plant nitrogen assimilation. Glutamine synthetase (GS), an ancient enzyme, converts glutamate (Glu) and NH4+ into Gln at the expense of ATP. Plants have multiple GS isoenzymes that ensure sufficient Gln supply for growth and development. Gln serves as a building block for protein synthesis and as a nitrogen donor for the biosynthesis of various molecules.
PLANT AND CELL PHYSIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Mingyang Shao, Qing Tao, Yahong Xu, Qing Xu, Yuke Shu, Yuwei Chen, Junyi Shen, Yongjie Zhou, Zhenru Wu, Menglin Chen, Jiayin Yang, Yujun Shi, Tianfu Wen, Hong Bu
Summary: The expression of glutamine synthetase (GS) and arginase 1 (Arg1) is closely related to the prognosis and treatment response in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). GS- HCC patients have better prognosis and are more likely to benefit from sorafenib treatment. Immunostaining of GS may serve as a simple and applicable method for HCC molecular stratification to predict prognosis and guide targeted therapy.
CHINESE MEDICAL JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Cell & Tissue Engineering
Baitong Wu, Jiuxing Feng, Jingyi Guo, Jian Wang, Guanghui Xiu, Jiaqi Xu, Ke Ning, Bin Ling, Qingchun Fu, Jun Xu
Summary: This study concludes that ADSC-derived exosomes can efficiently alleviate hepatic fibrosis by suppressing HSCs activation and remodeling glutamine and ammonia metabolism. This finding may provide a novel and promising therapeutic approach for hepatic fibrosis disease.
STEM CELL RESEARCH & THERAPY
(2022)
Article
Oncology
Andreas Schmidt, Angela Armento, Ovidio Bussolati, Martina Chiu, Verena Ellerkamp, Marcus O. Scharpf, Philip Sander, Evi Schmid, Steven W. Warmann, Joerg Fuchs
Summary: Glutamine depletion inhibits proliferation and cell viability in embryonal hepatoblastoma cell lines. High GLUL expression is associated with longer survival time, while ASNS expression has no correlation with overall survival in hepatoblastoma.
JOURNAL OF CANCER RESEARCH AND CLINICAL ONCOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Oncology
Robert Schoeppe, Nathalie Babl, Sonja-Maria Decking, Gabriele Schoenhammer, Andreas Siegmund, Christina Bruss, Katja Dettmer, Peter J. Oefner, Linus Frick, Anna Weigert, Jonathan Jantsch, Wolfgang Herr, Michael Rehli, Kathrin Renner, Marina Kreutz
Summary: Glutamine synthetase (GS) is important for the survival of tumor cells in a glutamine deficient environment, but its impact on survival and function of myeloid cells is minimal except for the monocytic leukemia cell line THP-1. Inhibition of GS also targets immune cells such as dendritic cells (DCs) and macrophages, reducing their survival and reversing the proliferation rescue of THP-1 cells caused by glutamate supplementation.
FRONTIERS IN ONCOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Plant Sciences
Shambhu Krishan Lal, Sahil Mehta, Dhandapani Raju, V. Mohan Murali Achary, Ajay Kumar Venkatapuram, Shashank Kumar Yadav, Hemangini Parmar, Rakesh Pandey, Varakumar Panditi, Vijay Sheri, Anil Kumar Singh, Viswanathan Chinnusamy, Malireddy K. K. Reddy
Summary: Nitrogen is an essential macronutrient for crop productivity, but its low use efficiency leads to environmental degradation and higher input costs for farmers. This study developed a genetic strategy to improve nitrogen use efficiency in rice plants by enhancing the activity of glutamine synthetase (GS), resulting in enhanced growth and productivity. The increased nitrogen assimilation positively affected photosynthetic efficiency and C/N balance in the transgenic rice plants. However, insufficient C supply may reduce the positive effect of GS overexpression, suggesting the need for refined strategies to improve both N and C assimilation simultaneously.
JOURNAL OF PLANT GROWTH REGULATION
(2023)
Article
Plant Sciences
Daxia Wu, Ying Li, Yanan Cao, Ripeng Hu, Xu Wu, Wei Zhang, Wenqing Tao, Guohua Xu, Xiaochun Wang, Yali Zhang
Summary: Increasing GS activity in rice by overexpressing TaGS1 gene significantly enhances plant yield and nitrogen use efficiency, mainly through promoting root capacity, N accumulation and remobilization to grains.
PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY
(2021)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Francesco Pacifico, Stefano Mellone, Maurizio D'Incalci, Mariano Stornaiuolo, Antonio Leonardi, Elvira Crescenzi
Summary: This study reveals that the antineoplastic drug trabectedin can suppress the escape of cancer cells from therapy-induced senescence and reduce the population of cancer stem cells. Trabectedin exerts its effect by interfering with glutamine metabolism.
BIOCHEMICAL PHARMACOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Go Woon Kim, Dong Hoon Lee, Yu Hyun Jeon, Jung Yoo, So Yeon Kim, Sang Wu Lee, Ha Young Cho, So Hee Kwon
Summary: Glutamine plays a crucial role in cancer metabolism, with cancer cells consuming excessive amounts for rapid proliferation, especially in poorly vascularized cancers. Glutamine synthetase (GS) is essential in cancer metabolism as the sole enzyme responsible for synthesizing glutamine, which supports nucleotide synthesis. GS exhibits pro-tumoral features by providing glutamine to cancer cells in the tumor microenvironment, enabling cancer cells to maintain sufficient glutamine levels for catabolism, ultimately supporting cancer cell proliferation.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Oncology
Keiichiro Okuda, Atsushi Umemura, Seita Kataoka, Kota Yano, Aya Takahashi, Shinya Okishio, Hiroyoshi Taketani, Yuya Seko, Taichiro Nishikawa, Kanji Yamaguchi, Michihisa Moriguchi, Hayato Nakagawa, Yu Liu, Yasuhide Mitsumoto, Yoshihiro Kanbara, Toshihide Shima, Takeshi Okanoue, Yoshito Itoh
Summary: ASNase treatment can inhibit the growth of certain HCC cell lines and synergistically inhibit proliferation when combined with lenvatinib (Len). By targeting two amino acids essential for HCC survival, glutamine, and asparagine, ASNase induces oxidative stress and can serve as a novel cancer treatment option that shows a synergistic effect in combination with Len.
FRONTIERS IN ONCOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Fisheries
Xue Li, Shidong Wang, Muzi Zhang, Yangping Yu, Ming Li
Summary: In this study, the role of GS in ammonia detoxification was investigated in yellow catfish. The results showed that GS plays a crucial role in regulating glutamine synthesis and ammonia detoxification in yellow catfish.
FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Vinay Kumar, Sanhita Ghosh, Kamalika Roy, Chiranjib Pal, Sushma Singh
Summary: Research has shown that glutamine synthetase plays a crucial role in the survival and infectivity of Leishmania, as GS knockout results in growth retardation and reduced infectivity, while GS overexpression aids in parasite growth. Additionally, GS knockout makes the parasite more sensitive to a certain drug.
FRONTIERS IN CELLULAR AND INFECTION MICROBIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Pathology
Nicolas Pote, Stefano Caruso, Julien Caderaro, Francois Cauchy, Floriane Lagadec, Gabrielle Couchy, Jerome Raffenne, Jeremy Augustin, Federica Vernuccio, Valerie Vilgrain, Agathe Hercent, Nathalie Theou-Anton, Jessica Zucman-Rossi, Valerie Paradis
Summary: The study aims to compare the clinicopathologic and molecular features of borderline hepatocellular adenomas (BL-HCA) with typical hepatocellular adenomas (T-HCA), HCA with malignant transformation (HCC on HCA), and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) to assess the risk of malignancy. The results show that despite their worrisome morphologic features, the clinicopathologic and molecular features of BL-HCA are much closer to those of T-HCA than those of HCC on HCA or HCC.
