Review
Immunology
Megumi Andoh, Ryuta Koyama
Summary: Microglia are highly dynamic cells in the brain, capable of migrating, proliferating, and phagocytosing throughout an individual's life. Real-time imaging is a valuable tool for studying their behavior, but they are sensitive to environmental stimuli and may change state during imaging. Various experimental conditions have been developed to overcome this challenge, allowing for live imaging in different settings based on research objectives.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Katelyn M. Reinhart, Russell A. Morton, K. C. Brennan, Andrew P. Carlson, C. William Shuttleworth
Summary: Spreading depolarization (SD) has been identified as a crucial factor in exacerbating acute brain injuries. Ketamine, an N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonist, can protect against the harmful effects of SD when metabolic compromise occurs in brain slices. This study aimed to investigate the effects of metabolic capacity gradients on calcium (Ca2+) accumulation following SD in an in vivo stroke model. It was found that ketamine reduced intracellular Ca2+ accumulation in proximal regions after an SD wave without completely blocking SD propagation, indicating the potential for targeted therapy.
JOURNAL OF NEUROCHEMISTRY
(2023)
Article
Optics
James A. Grant-Jacob, Ben Mills, Michalis N. Zervas
Summary: This study demonstrates the use of deep learning to predict the appearance of the surface of silicon before and after laser pulses in real-time, by analyzing camera images of the generated plasma. This allows for real-time feedback and monitoring of laser materials processing.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Chris Sparling, Stuart W. Crane, Lewis Ireland, Ross Anderson, Omair Ghafur, Jason B. Greenwood, Dave Townsend
Summary: We demonstrate an initial Velocity-Map Imaging (VMI) experiment using a back-irradiation laser-based desorption source integrated into the electrode assembly. This allows for the use of high-density plumes of non-volatile molecular samples with the popular VMI approach. Phenylalanine molecule is used to illustrate this novel method, showing forward-backward emission asymmetries of approximately 7%.
PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY CHEMICAL PHYSICS
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Cajetan Immanuel Lang, Praveen Vasudevan, Piet Doering, Ralf Gaebel, Heiko Lemcke, Tobias Lindner, Gustav Steinhoff, Bernd Joachim Krause, Brigitte Vollmar, Felix G. Meinel, Seyrani Yuecel, Alper Oener, Hueseyin Ince, Robert David
Summary: This study investigated post-infarct remodeling after acute myocardial infarction using mouse models and magnetic resonance imaging. The results showed differences in cardiac remodeling between the permanent ligation (PL) and ischemia reperfusion (I/R) models. Different methods of analysis revealed that PL resulted in significant left ventricle dilation and decreased contractile function, while the effects were less pronounced in the I/R model.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Gab Seok Kim, Jessica M. Stephenson, Abdullah Al Mamun, Ting Wu, Monica G. Goss, Jia-Wei Min, Jun Li, Fudong Liu, Sean P. Marrelli
Summary: The study found that secondary gliosis and neuronal loss occur in the thalamus following cortical stroke, with aging mice showing reduced gliosis, and NMDA receptor antagonism significantly reducing thalamic gliosis.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Berend van der Wildt, Bieneke Janssen, Aleksandra Pekosak, E. Johanna L. Steen, Robert C. Schuit, Esther J. M. Kooijman, Wissam Beaino, Danielle J. Vugts, Albert D. Windhorst
Summary: Three P2Y(12)R PET tracers were evaluated for targeting in the brain, showing low brain uptake in healthy rats. Future efforts will focus on designing P2Y(12)R inhibitors with improved physicochemical characteristics to enhance brain penetration by reducing efflux transport.
ACS CHEMICAL NEUROSCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Spectroscopy
Fazle Rakib, Khalid Al-Saad, Tariq Ahmed, Ehsan Ullah, George E. Barreto, Ghulam Md Ashraf, Mohamed H. M. Ali
Summary: Acute injury in traumatic brain injury causes decreased metabolism, unregulated cerebral blood flow, and direct tissue damage. This study investigates the biochemical and molecular changes in rat brain regions post-acute TBI, revealing significantly reduced total lipid and protein content, as well as alterations in lipid acyl chains and fluidity. The findings suggest mechanical rather than chemical damages in brain tissues post-acute TBI.
SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA PART A-MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Georgina C. Gavins, Katharina Groeger, Michael D. Bartoschek, Philipp Wolf, Annette G. Beck-Sickinger, Sebastian Bultmann, Oliver Seitz
Summary: DNA nanotechnology offers opportunities for manipulating and imaging proteins on cell surfaces by creating nucleic acid-protein junctions using PNA tags. This method allows for quick assembly of different fluorescent dyes, increased brightness, reversible labeling, and is applicable to various cell and protein systems.
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Juan Chen, Guangmei Han, Zhengjie Liu, Hong Wang, Dong Wang, Jun Zhao, Bianhua Liu, Ruilong Zhang, Zhongping Zhang
Summary: This study introduces a fluorescent probe for real-time monitoring ER autophagy and regeneration in live cells, and shows that triglycerides in lipid droplets can efficiently repair the ER.
ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
(2022)
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Niklas Sandstroem, Ludwig Brandt, Patrick A. Sandoz, Chiara Zambarda, Karolin Guldevall, Malte Schulz-Ruhtenberg, Bernd Roesener, Robin A. Krueger, Bjorn Oenfelt
Summary: Miniaturization of cell culture substrates allows for controlled analysis of living cells in confined micro-scale environments. In this study, glass microwell arrays were produced using laser-induced deep etching (LIDE) and evaluated for various microscopy-based cell assays. The results show that these microwells support viable cell cultures and imaging with single cell resolution, with different designs having specific benefits for different applications.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Wjatscheslaw Liublin, Sebastian Rausch, Ruth Leben, Randall L. Lindquist, Alexander Fiedler, Juliane Liebeskind, Ingeborg E. Beckers, Anja E. Hauser, Susanne Hartmann, Raluca A. Niesner
Summary: Infections with intestinal nematodes have a complex impact on human and animal health, with potential benefits for autoimmune diseases. This study investigates the metabolic pathways in the parasite and host tissue during acute infection and identifies a shift in energy production and increased oxidative burst in infected host tissue.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2022)
Article
Materials Science, Biomaterials
Astrid Tannert, Javier Garcia Lopez, Nikolay Petkov, Anela Ivanova, Kalina Peneva, Ute Neugebauer
Summary: Lysosomes are acidic degradation compartments in eukaryotic cells, and their dysfunction is associated with various diseases. A novel small molecule marker with reversible, pH-dependent spectral shifts has been developed for stable association with lysosomes and detection of lysosomal pH changes in cells.
JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY B
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Wanjie Wu, Xuesong Li, Jianan Y. Qu, Sicong He
Summary: The combination of SRS microscopy and TPEF imaging provides a perfect tool for multi-angle imaging of tissues, helping to understand dynamic processes such as cellular metabolism, immune response, and tissue remodeling at subcellular resolution.
JOVE-JOURNAL OF VISUALIZED EXPERIMENTS
(2021)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Erol Tueluemen, Boris Rudic, Hannah Ringlage, Anna Hohneck, Susanne Roeger, Volker Liebe, Juergen Kuschyk, Daniel Overhoff, Johannes Budjan, Ibrahim Akin, Martin Borggrefe, Theano Papavassiliu
Summary: This study found that LGE-CMR parameters can predict the risk of VTAs in patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy, by assessing CMR indices and scar characteristics to predict outcomes.
Review
Rehabilitation
Maria Sammut, Natalie Fini, Kirsti Haracz, Michael Nilsson, Coralie English, Heidi Janssen
Summary: The purpose of this study was to identify interventions that increase time spent in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity in patients with TIA or non-disabling stroke. However, there is currently very limited evidence for effective interventions for this patient population, highlighting the need for more clinically feasible interventions.
DISABILITY AND REHABILITATION
(2022)
Article
Health Care Sciences & Services
Elizabeth Ditton, Brendon Knott, Nicolette Hodyl, Graeme Horton, Frederick Rohan Walker, Michael Nilsson
Summary: This study aims to assess the impact of an app-delivered psychological flexibility intervention on burnout and well-being among medical students, and compare the effects of individualized and nonindividualized interventions. The results will guide the development of burnout prevention and well-being initiatives for medical students and provide necessary psychological resources for individuals.
JMIR RESEARCH PROTOCOLS
(2022)
Article
Psychology, Biological
Sarah Ruth Valkenborghs, Charles H. Hillman, Oun Al-Iedani, Michael Nilsson, Jordan J. Smith, Angus Aaron Leahy, Simon K. Harries, Saadallah Ramadan, David Revalds Lubans
Summary: This study examined the impact of exercise on hippocampal metabolism in adolescents. The findings suggest that physical activity may improve hippocampal metabolism and have implications for working memory in lower fit older adolescents.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Madeleine Hinwood, Jenny Nyberg, Lucy Leigh, Sara Gustavsson, John Attia, Christopher Oldmeadow, Marina Ilicic, Thomas Linden, N. David Aberg, Chris Levi, Neil Spratt, Leeanne M. Carey, Michael Pollack, Sarah J. Johnson, Georg Hans Kuhn, Frederick R. Walker, Michael Nilsson
Summary: This study aims to analyze whether P2Y12R inhibitors increase the risk of cognitive disorder or dementia in stroke patients by their actions on microglia. The study will be conducted using real-world data from the Swedish National Health and Medical Registers and will involve a cohort study of stroke patients. Causal effect estimates and statistical analysis will be used to derive the causal estimand associated with this important clinical question.
Article
Neurosciences
Sonia Sanchez-Bezanilla, Daniel J. Beard, Rebecca J. Hood, N. David Aberg, Patricia Crock, Frederick R. Walker, Michael Nilsson, Jorgen Isgaard, Lin Kooi Ong
Summary: This study demonstrates that growth hormone (GH) treatment after stroke can increase neuroplasticity in the peri-infarct area and hippocampus, leading to improved motor and cognitive outcomes. The mechanism of GH treatment was investigated by examining its effect on the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathways. GH treatment was found to upregulate pro-BDNF and total-mTOR expression in the peri-infarct area, hippocampus, and thalamus, suggesting their involvement in the neurorestorative effects of GH treatment.
Correction
Health Care Sciences & Services
Elizabeth Ditton, Brendon Knott, Nicolette Hodyl, Graeme Horton, Frederick Rohan Walke, Michael Nilsson
JMIR RESEARCH PROTOCOLS
(2022)
Article
Telecommunications
Muhammad Basit Shahab, Sarah J. Johnson, Mahyar Shirvanimoghaddam, Mischa Dohler
Summary: This article proposes a simple and efficient strategy for grant-free PD-NOMA by introducing special activity indicator symbols for early collision detection, which helps the base station identify successful transmissions and collisions before processing actual data.
TRANSACTIONS ON EMERGING TELECOMMUNICATIONS TECHNOLOGIES
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Sofia Puvogel, Astrid Alsema, Laura Kracht, Maree J. Webster, Cynthia Shannon Weickert, Iris E. C. Sommer, Bart J. L. Eggen
Summary: This study investigated the potential alteration in the blood-brain barrier (BBB) of patients with schizophrenia. The researchers found 14 differentially expressed genes in the BBB cells of schizophrenia patients compared to controls, but no changes in the relative abundance of major BBB cell types were identified. These transcriptional changes were limited to ependymal cells and pericytes.
MOLECULAR PSYCHIATRY
(2022)
Article
Psychiatry
Kitty Reemst, Laura Kracht, Janssen M. Kotah, Reza Rahimian, Astrid A. S. van Irsen, Gonzalo Congrains Sotomayor, Laura N. Verboon, Nieske Brouwer, Sophie Simard, Gustavo Turecki, Naguib Mechawar, Susanne M. Kooistra, Bart J. L. Eggen, Aniko Korosi
Summary: Early-life stress has persistent effects on microglial function and may contribute to the development of psychiatric disorders.
TRANSLATIONAL PSYCHIATRY
(2022)
Article
Psychiatry
Elizabeth Ditton, Brendon Knott, Nicolette Hodyl, Graeme Horton, Christopher Oldmeadow, Frederick Rohan Walker, Michael Nilsson
Summary: An app-delivered Acceptance and Commitment Training intervention can improve medical students' psychological flexibility and reduce stress, but it does not have significant effects on burnout outcomes such as exhaustion and cynicism.
JMIR MENTAL HEALTH
(2023)
Article
Health Care Sciences & Services
Elizabeth Ditton, Brendon Knott, Nicolette Hodyl, Graeme Horton, Frederick Rohan Walker, Michael Nilsson
Summary: This study aimed to assess the feasibility of delivering an individualized Psychological Flexibility skill training intervention to medical students using an app-based delivery format. The findings showed that the app successfully delivered the assessment procedures and individualized intervention as intended, and the subjective feedback from students was generally positive. However, there were challenges in engagement with the app throughout the trial. These results provide a basis for further research on the efficacy of this intervention approach.
JMIR FORMATIVE RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Biomedical
Eng Keat Kwa, Soon Keng Cheong, Lin Kooi Ong, Poh Foong Lee
Summary: The study developed audio-guided deep breathing and evaluated its immediate impacts on healthy population. Results showed a significant increase in tidal volume and task reaction time, with correlations between task accuracy and attention levels. The study suggests a link between deep breathing and wellbeing in young adults and proposes the use of auditory Go/No-Go task for assessing attention and maintaining physical and mental wellness across various groups.
BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING-BIOMEDIZINISCHE TECHNIK
(2023)
Article
Health Care Sciences & Services
Karen Ribbons, Sarah Johnson, Elizabeth Ditton, Adrian Wills, Gillian Mason, Traci Flynn, Jodie Cochrane, Michael Pollack, Frederick Rohan Walker, Michael Nilsson
Summary: This study aims to develop a clinical decision tool that will assist with patient stratification and more precisely targeted clinical decision-making regarding prehabilitation and rehabilitation for total knee arthroplasty (TKA), based on the identified individual biopsychosocial needs. The study involves collecting comprehensive biopsychosocial information and analyzing the data to determine which presurgery parameters have the strongest predictive power for patient recovery. The findings will facilitate the development of a comprehensive prediction tool to improve patient recovery and satisfaction.
JMIR RESEARCH PROTOCOLS
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Rebecca J. Hood, Sonia Sanchez-Bezanilla, Daniel J. Beard, Ruslan Rust, Renee J. Turner, Shannon M. Stuckey, Lyndsey E. Collins-Praino, Frederick R. Walker, Michael Nilsson, Lin Kooi Ong
Summary: This study aimed to characterize the spatiotemporal cerebrovascular changes after cortical stroke. The findings showed transient cerebrovascular remodelling in the peri-infarct area up to 28 days post-stroke. Importantly, the cerebrovascular changes were extended beyond the peri-infarct region to the ipsilateral hippocampus and were sustained out to 84 days post-stroke.
JOURNAL OF NEUROCHEMISTRY
(2023)
Article
Humanities, Multidisciplinary
Elena Prieto-Rodriguez, Kristina Sincock, Regina Berretta, Juanita Todd, Sarah Johnson, Karen Blackmore, Erica Wanless, Anna Giacomini, Lauren Gibson
Summary: This article examines the diverse experiences of female STEM professionals in regional Australia. Through in-depth interviews, it uncovers their journeys, challenges, shared traits, and differences in opinions.
HUMANITIES & SOCIAL SCIENCES COMMUNICATIONS
(2022)