Article
Environmental Sciences
Mengchu Tao, Paul Konopka, Jonathon S. Wright, Yi Liu, Jianchun Bian, Sean M. Davis, Yue Jia, Felix Ploeger
Summary: According to satellite observations and atmospheric model simulations, stratospheric water vapor concentrations exhibit robust multidecadal variability, which is stronger in the northern hemisphere at mid-stratosphere levels.
COMMUNICATIONS EARTH & ENVIRONMENT
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Ewa M. Bednarz, Ryan Hossaini, Martyn P. Chipperfield, N. Luke Abraham, Peter Braesicke
Summary: The impacts of chlorinated very short-lived substances (Cl-VSLS) on the stratospheric chlorine budget were assessed using a chemistry-climate model. The study found that Cl-VSLS significantly affected the trends of HCl and COCl2 in the model. The results highlight the strong dependence of simulated stratospheric Cl-VSLS levels on the model's dynamical fields.
ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Ioana Ivanciu, Katja Matthes, Sebastian Wahl, Jan Harlass, Arne Biastoch
Summary: The Antarctic ozone hole has caused major changes in the atmospheric circulation of the Southern Hemisphere, with expectations of further impact from ozone recovery. However, the influence of Antarctic ozone on atmospheric circulation in models is still not accurately represented.
ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Yajuan Li, Sandip S. Dhomse, Martyn P. Chipperfield, Wuhu Feng, Andreas Chrysanthou, Yuan Xia, Dong Guo
Summary: This study used a 3D offline chemical transport model to analyze seasonal behavior and long-term trends in stratospheric ozone and mean age of air. The results show that models forced by different meteorological reanalysis data sets can reproduce variations in stratospheric ozone, but may not accurately simulate observed changes, especially in the lower stratosphere.
ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Florian Ladstaedter, Andrea K. Steiner, Hans Gleisner
Summary: Historically, limited measurements hindered our understanding of atmospheric temperature. However, recent satellite observations have provided new insights into the fine structure of the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere, which are crucial components of the climate system. These observations reveal a significant warming of the atmosphere, with the tropical upper troposphere warming by 1 K in the first two decades of the 21st century. The warming extends into the lower stratosphere, creating a prominent hemispheric asymmetry in temperature trends and a potential change in stratospheric circulation.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2023)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Mingcheng Wang, Qiang Fu
Summary: This study investigates changes in stratosphere-troposphere exchange (STE) of air masses and ozone concentrations from 1960 to 2099. The results show that global ozone STE decreased by 11% from 1960 to 2000, but increased by 47% from 2000 to 2099. The changes in ozone STE are mainly driven by ozone concentration changes, including climate-induced changes and ozone-depleting substance (ODS) changes.
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Sheena Loeffel, Roland Eichinger, Hella Garny, Thomas Reddmann, Frauke Fritsch, Stefan Versick, Gabriele Stiller, Florian Haenel
Summary: Mean age of air (AoA) is a common diagnostic for the strength of the stratospheric overturning circulation. However, there are discrepancies between models and observations in the climatology and trends of AoA. This study shows that considering the chemical sinks of SF6 in models can improve the agreement between models and satellite observations. Additionally, the study finds that the trends in AoA are strongly influenced by SF6 sinks.
ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Sean M. Davis, Nicholas Davis, Robert W. Portmann, Eric Ray, Karen Rosenlof
Summary: This paper investigates the relationship between tropical lower-stratospheric upwelling and lower-stratospheric ozone by analyzing the discrepancy between WACCM-SD simulations and observations. The study finds that the standard configuration of WACCM-SD fails to reproduce the tropical upwelling changes, leading to a spurious negative upwelling trend and an apparent discrepancy in ozone trends. However, a free-running version of WACCM using only surface boundary conditions produces results that are in closer agreement with ozone observations.
ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
(2023)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
M. Prignon, S. Chabrillat, M. Friedrich, D. Smale, S. E. Strahan, P. F. Bernath, M. P. Chipperfield, S. S. Dhomse, W. Feng, D. Minganti, C. Servais, E. Mahieu
Summary: Based on ground-based and satellite measurements, it is found that inorganic fluorine is accumulating less rapidly in the Southern Hemisphere than in the Northern Hemisphere over the past 20 years, which may be linked to changes in the Brewer-Dobson circulation.
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES
(2021)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Mingcheng Wang, Qiang Fu, Anna Hall, Aodhan Sweeney
Summary: This study investigates the Stratosphere-Troposphere exchange (STE) of air mass and ozone using ERA5 and MERRA2 reanalyses from 1980 to 2022. The annual-mean ozone STEs in ERA5 and MERRA2 show differences, mainly attributed to diabatic heating and ozone concentration differences. Significant differences are also found in the ozone exchange during summer and autumn, mainly due to the seasonal breathing of the lowermost stratosphere ozone mass. El Niño-Southern Oscillation, quasi-biennial oscillation, and Brewer-Dobson circulation are identified as factors explaining the variability in global ozone exchange.
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES
(2023)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Jinpeng Lu, Sijia Lou, Xin Huang, Lian Xue, Ke Ding, Tengyu Liu, Yue Ma, Wuke Wang, Aijun Ding
Summary: The HTHH eruption in January 15, 2022, was one of the most explosive volcanic events of the 21st century so far. Satellite-based measurements showed that 0.4 Tg of sulfur dioxide (SO2) was injected into the stratosphere during the eruption. The study investigates the changes in stratospheric chemical compositions one year after the eruption and examines the key processes that affect ozone (O-3) concentrations, including the oxidation of injected SO2 into sulfate and the transport of sulfate aerosols by the Brewer-Dobson circulation.
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2023)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Min-Jee Kang, Seok-Woo Son, Hye-Yeong Chun
Summary: This study reveals that the distinct upward propagation of the westerly winds during the 2015/16 QBO disruption was mainly driven by strong Rossby waves with wavenumber 1 from the troposphere, contributing to the strong Brewer-Dobson circulation (BDC).
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2022)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Yifeng Peng, Pengfei Yu, Robert W. Portmann, Karen H. Rosenlof, Jiankai Zhang, Cheng-Cheng Liu, Jiangtao Li, Wenshou Tian
Summary: The Pinatubo eruption in 1991 released 10-20 Tg of SO2 into the stratosphere, forming sulfate aerosols. Our modeling results show that volcanic heating significantly affects the chemistry in the tropical stratosphere, including NOx and HOx catalytic cycles. The simulated ozone tendency in the tropics is positive at 20 mb and negative at 10 mb. The study finds that three months after the eruption, the ozone tendency due to homogeneous chemistry becomes more important than heterogeneous chemistry.
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2023)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Xin Zhang, Xingying Zhang, Lihua Zhou, Xifeng Cao, Zhili Deng, Yuhan Jiang
Summary: The positive trend of tropospheric column ozone (TCO) in China has been confirmed in rapidly developing city clusters such as BTH, YRD, and PRD. This study analyzes the connection between TCO and Brewer-Dobson circulation (BDC) and Hadley circulation (HC) in these clusters. It reveals that both BDC and HC have significant causal effects on TCO variations. The intensity of BDC is the most important influencing factor for TCO changes in each region, particularly in YRD. TCO shows a significant positive trend in BTH, YRD, and PRD during 2005-2020.
ATMOSPHERIC RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Felix Ploeger, Hella Garny
Summary: This study investigates the impact of ozone recovery on the stratospheric Brewer-Dobson circulation (BDC) and finds a hemispheric asymmetry in atmospheric circulation changes, which has significant effects on chemical composition. The study reveals that although climate models predict a decrease in circulation and age-of-air trends due to ozone recovery, the hemispherically asymmetric signal is small compared to internal variability. Therefore, the observed circulation trends are not contradictory to the expectations from climate models.
ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
(2022)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
S. M. Vicente-Serrano, R. Garcia-Herrera, D. Pena-Angulo, M. Tomas-Burguera, F. Dominguez-Castro, I Noguera, N. Calvo, C. Murphy, R. Nieto, L. Gimeno, J. M. Gutierrez, C. Azorin-Molina, A. El Kenawy
Summary: This study provides a long-term global assessment of precipitation trends from 1891 to 2014 using data from station-based gridded datasets and climate models. Results show that only a few regions exhibit statistically significant differences in precipitation trends between observations and models, mostly due to strong interannual variability. The modeling groups fail to accurately reproduce the spatial patterns of annual precipitation trends.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Carlos A. Cuevas, Rafael P. Fernandez, Douglas E. Kinnison, Qinyi Li, Jean-Francois Lamarque, Tarek Trabelsi, Joseph S. Francisco, Susan Solomon, Alfonso Saiz-Lopez
Summary: This study found that the injection of iodine into the Antarctic stratosphere has a significant impact on the formation and development of the Antarctic ozone hole, especially in spring. The inclusion of iodine can advance the formation of the ozone hole and delay its closure, increasing the area and mass deficit of the hole.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Susan Solomon, Kimberlee Dube, Kane Stone, Pengfei Yu, Doug Kinnison, Owen B. Toon, Susan E. Strahan, Karen H. Rosenlof, Robert Portmann, Sean Davis, William Randel, Peter Bernath, Chris Boone, Charles G. Bardeen, Adam Bourassa, Daniel Zawada, Doug Degenstein
Summary: In the 2019/20 austral summer, Australian wildfires emitted smoke into the stratosphere, leading to increased optical extinction in the midlatitudes of the southern hemisphere. The smoke, coated with sulfuric acid and water, caused a decrease in reactive nitrogen concentrations and had an impact on chlorine and reactive hydrogen species, potentially depleting the ozone layer. These findings suggest that if wildfire smoke injection into the stratosphere increases as the world warms, ozone recovery could be impeded.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2022)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Alfonso Saiz-Lopez, A. Ulises Acuna, Anoop S. Mahajan, Juan Z. Davalos, Wuhu Feng, Daniel Roca-Sanjuan, Javier Carmona-Garcia, Carlos A. Cuevas, Douglas E. Kinnison, Juan Carlos Gomez Martin, Joseph S. Francisco, John M. C. Plane
Summary: This article presents the first model of stratospheric mercury chemistry and identifies two distinct mercury chemical regimes. The study also reveals that the oxidation of mercury in the stratosphere is faster than previously assumed, but regulated by photo-reduction. The lifetime of mercury in the stratosphere shows a significant variation.
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2022)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Jiang Zhu, Bette L. Otto-Bliesner, Rolando Garcia, Esther C. Brady, Mike Mills, Douglas Kinnison, Jean-Francois Lamarque
Summary: This study uses coupled LGM simulations to investigate the impact of stratospheric dynamics and chemistry on Last Glacial Maximum climate, and finds that it has little direct effect on glacial-interglacial climate change.
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2022)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Olaf Morgenstern, Douglas E. Kinnison, Michael Mills, Martine Michou, Larry W. Horowitz, Pu Lin, Makoto Deushi, Kohei Yoshida, Fiona M. O'Connor, Yongming Tang, N. Luke Abraham, James Keeble, Fraser Dennison, Eugene Rozanov, Tatiana Egorova, Timofei Sukhodolov, Guang Zeng
Summary: Using nine chemistry-climate and eight associated no-chemistry models, this study examines the persistence and timing of cold episodes in the Arctic and Antarctic stratosphere from 1980 to 2014. The results show systematic differences in behavior between the chemistry and no-chemistry models, with the chemistry models exhibiting longer and earlier cold episodes compared to the lowest temperatures. Furthermore, the chemistry models often experience delayed lowest temperature occurrence by 1-3 weeks. The study highlights the need to retune chemistry-climate models compared to their no-chemistry counterparts.
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES
(2022)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Kasturi Shah, Susan Solomon, Douglas Kinnison, Qiang Fu, David W. J. Thompson
Summary: This study investigates the modulation of atmospheric gases such as CFC-11 and N2O by stratospheric dynamics, specifically focusing on the quasi-biennial oscillation (QBO) and seasonal cycles. The analysis reveals a consistent pattern of positive interannual variability in tracer advection during the easterly QBO phase and discusses the potential mechanisms behind it.
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES
(2022)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Laura L. L. Pan, Douglas Kinnison, Qing Liang, Mian Chin, Michelle L. L. Santee, Johannes Flemming, Warren P. P. Smith, Shawn B. B. Honomichl, James F. F. Bresch, Leslie R. R. Lait, Yunqian Zhu, Simone Tilmes, Peter R. R. Colarco, Juying Warner, Adrien Vuvan, Cathy Clerbaux, Elliot L. L. Atlas, Paul A. A. Newman, Troy Thornberry, William J. J. Randel, Owen B. B. Toon
Summary: This study investigates the Asian summer monsoon as a chemical transport system using models and validates the results with airborne measurements. The research reveals that the anticyclone eddy shedding in the upper troposphere transports Asian boundary layer air masses to the Western Pacific. These transported air masses contain significantly enhanced aerosol loading and a complex chemical mixture. However, different models often predict different concentrations of transported trace gases and aerosols.
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES
(2022)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Daniele Minganti, Simon Chabrillat, Quentin Errera, Maxime Prignon, Douglas E. Kinnison, Rolando R. Garcia, Marta Abalos, Justin Alsing, Matthias Schneider, Dan Smale, Nicholas Jones, Emmanuel Mahieu
Summary: This study evaluates the trends in nitrous oxide (N2O) using two different versions of a climate model and compares them with measurements from ground-based instruments. The results highlight the discrepancies between the model and measurements, and the sensitivity tests reveal the role of stratospheric transport in driving the trends.
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Jun Zhang, Donald Wuebbles, Jens Holger Pfaender, Douglas Kinnison, Nicholas Davis
Summary: Due to increased public demand for air travel, a desire for more intercontinental travel with shorter flight times, there is renewed interest in developing commercial supersonic transport aircraft. Various companies and academic institutions have been actively considering the design of such aircraft. The environmental impact of these fleets on ozone and climate needs to be explored. This study focused on a proposed supersonic fleet, projected to burn 122.32 Tg of fuel and emit 1.78 Tg of NOx per year, and found that it would cause a 0.74% reduction in global columnar ozone and have an overall warming effect with a net forcing of 45.4 mW/m(2).
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Javier A. Barrera, Douglas E. Kinnison, Rafael P. Fernandez, Jean-Francois Lamarque, Carlos A. Cuevas, Simone Tilmes, Alfonso Saiz-Lopez
Summary: This study investigates the impact of anthropogenically amplified natural emissions of halogenated species on tropospheric ozone under pre-industrial and present-day atmospheric conditions using the CAM-Chem model. The results show that natural halogens have a slightly greater effect on tropospheric ozone depletion in pre-industrial conditions, with bromine playing a more significant role in this period.
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES
(2023)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
N. A. Davis, D. Visioni, R. R. Garcia, D. E. Kinnison, D. R. Marsh, M. Mills, J. H. Richter, S. Tilmes, C. G. Bardeen, A. Gettelman, A. A. Glanville, D. G. Macmartin, A. K. Smith, F. Vitt
Summary: Simulating the dynamics, chemistry, and physics of the entire atmosphere is computationally expensive. Simplified chemistry configurations can reliably simulate the whole atmosphere with reduced computational resources, except for cases requiring an accurate representation of tropospheric organic chemistry and secondary organic aerosols.
JOURNAL OF ADVANCES IN MODELING EARTH SYSTEMS
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Michael Weimer, Douglas E. Kinnison, Catherine Wilka, Susan Solomon
Summary: Polar stratospheric clouds (PSCs) have a significant impact on the polar chemistry of the stratosphere. The study evaluates the probability density functions of various gaseous species in the polar vortex using a model and compares them with measurements. The results suggest reducing the NAT number density in the model for better agreement with observations.
ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Lucien Froidevaux, Douglas E. Kinnison, Michelle L. Santee, Luis F. Millan, Nathaniel J. Livesey, William G. Read, Charles G. Bardeen, John J. Orlando, Ryan A. Fuller
Summary: In this study, we analyzed the trends of chlorine species ClO and HOCl in the upper stratosphere between 50 degrees S and 50 degrees N from 2005 to 2020. The results showed good agreement between the model and actual observations for ClO trends, while the HOCl trends were underestimated. Comparison with previous studies revealed that the decreasing trends of ClO and HOCl in the upper stratosphere support the effectiveness of the Montreal Protocol and its amendments.
ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
(2022)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Matthias Schneider, Benjamin Ertl, Christopher J. Diekmann, Farahnaz Khosrawi, Andreas Weber, Frank Hase, Michael Hoepfner, Omaira E. Garcia, Eliezer Sepulveda, Douglas Kinnison
Summary: IASI is the core instrument of the Metop satellites, and MUSICA IASI processing is used for estimating the vertical distribution of atmospheric water vapor and other gases. The dataset is provided in netCDF format.
EARTH SYSTEM SCIENCE DATA
(2022)
