Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Qiaoli Zhao, Liuping Fan, Yuanfa Liu, Jinwei Li
Summary: In this study, chitosan was functionalized with protocatechuic acid and used to improve the stability of 13-carotene in Pickering emulsions. The grafting ratio of protocatechuic acid in chitosan conjugates was found to be dependent on the molecular weight of chitosan. The conjugates exhibited reduced crystallinity and thermal stability and improved antioxidant activity. Additionally, the conjugate particles significantly improved the stability of 13-carotene in Pickering emulsions and showed higher oxidation stability compared to chitosan particles. These results provide valuable information for the application of chitosan-protocatechuic acid conjugates in emulsion systems.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Chao Xu, Shui Guan, Jianqiang Xu, Weitao Gong, Tianqing Liu, Xuehu Ma, Changkai Sun
Summary: In this study, protocatechuic acid was grafted onto carboxymethyl chitosan to enhance antioxidant effect, where the conjugates showed improved radical scavenging activities and chelating activity. The prepared hydrogel exhibited sustained release of PCA-containing degraded fragment and protective effect against oxidative damage, suggesting its potential in drug release and tissue engineering applications.
CARBOHYDRATE POLYMERS
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Ying Li, Lezhen Dong, Yahui Liu, Qin Chen, Zufang Wu, Lingyi Liu, Mohamed A. Farag, Lianliang Liu
Summary: The effects of covalent binding of protocatechuic acid (PA) and gallic acid (GA) to lactoferrin (LF) on the structure, functional, and antioxidant properties of the protein conjugate were investigated. The LF-PA/GA conjugates showed altered hydrodynamic diameter and zeta-potential, but their antioxidant activities remained unchanged.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Chang Liu, Chujie Zhang, Mengqiu Li, Jing Fu, Haichen Yang, Wenhan Ge, Yan Shi, Yang Lee, Cheng Huang
Summary: This study investigated the interaction between protocatechuic acid (PCA) and human serum albumin (HSA), as well as its protective effects against oxidative stress and pulmonary fibrosis. The results showed that PCA can protect human type II alveolar epithelial cells (AECs) by reducing oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis, possibly through regulation of the NF-jB signaling pathway.
ARABIAN JOURNAL OF CHEMISTRY
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Madeline de Souza Correa, Nayara Lais Boschen, Paulo Rogerio P. Rodrigues, Marcos L. Corazza, Agnes de Paula Scheer, Rosemary Hoffmann Ribani
Summary: Blackberry seed extracts obtained by supercritical CO2 and ethanol extraction showed good antioxidant potential, with high total phenolic content and phenolic compound concentration. The extracts also exhibited a protective effect against the oxidation of soybean oil.
JOURNAL OF SUPERCRITICAL FLUIDS
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Zhaoxia Li, Yujuan Liu, Fang Wang, Zhuanglei Gao, Mohamed A. Elhefny, Ola A. Habotta, Ahmed E. Abdel Moneim, Rami B. Kassab
Summary: Arsenic is a toxic metalloid that is abundantly found in nature and used in many industries. This study investigated the neuroprotective potential of protocatechuic acid (PCA) against arsenic-induced neurotoxicity in mice, showing that PCA can positively impact oxidative stress and cytokine levels induced by arsenic exposure.
CHEMICO-BIOLOGICAL INTERACTIONS
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Javaid Akhter Bhat, Masroor Ahmad Bhat, Dyaaaldin Abdalmegeed, Deyue Yu, Jian Chen, Andrzej Bajguz, Ajaz Ahmad, Parvaiz Ahmad
Summary: The study demonstrated that the combined application of Fe2O3-NPs and CA had a better alleviating effect on As toxicity in soybean. Fe2O3-NPs and CA significantly reversed As-induced growth inhibition and oxidative stress responses, partially reducing the production of MDA and H2O2.
ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
Chen Zhou, Ruiling Xu, Xiaowen Han, Lei Tong, Li Xiong, Jie Liang, Yong Sun, Xingdong Zhang, Yujiang Fan
Summary: Injectable antioxidant hydrogels composed of protocatechuic acid (PA)-mediated carboxylated chitosan (CCS) and oxidized hyaluronic acid (OHA) conjugate were designed to reduce oxidative stress and promote wound healing. These hydrogels exhibited stable chemical structure, satisfactory physical properties, and effective antibacterial properties. In addition, the hydrogels demonstrated significant antioxidant capacity and promoted collagen deposition in wound healing in animal tests.
COMPOSITES PART B-ENGINEERING
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Alaa Jameel A. Albarakati
Summary: This study confirmed the protective effect of protocatechuic acid on carrageenan-induced paw edema in mice, which may be attributed to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Food Science & Technology
Jian Ren, Sijin Li, Chunli Song, Xiaohong Sun, Xiaolan Liu
Summary: This study demonstrated the protective potential of Alcalase-black soybean-derived peptides (BSPs) against alcohol-induced liver injury in mice, possibly attributed to the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of BSPs.
JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL FOODS
(2021)
Article
Food Science & Technology
Eva Hernandez Garcia, Maria Vargas, Amparo Chiralt
Summary: Phenolic acids can increase the glass transition temperature of polylactic acid, while poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) undergoes supercooling in films containing protocatechuic acid. Polymer matrices with phenolic acids are stiffer and more resistant to break than polyester blends, and they also have improved oxygen and water vapor barrier capacity, especially in films containing protocatechuic acid. The release rate and ratio of phenolic acids increase with decreased polarity of the food simulant.
FOOD PACKAGING AND SHELF LIFE
(2022)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Abeer Salama, Rania Elgohary, Mohamed M. Amin, Sahar Abd Elwahab
Summary: Protocatechuic acid has immunomodulatory effects on brain injury induced by cyclophosphamide through modulation of inflammasomes NLRP3 and SIRT1. It improves cognition and memory, reduces inflammation and oxidative stress, and protects neurons.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Food Science & Technology
Junyi Huang, Jiana Qian, Shanshan Wang, Yingqiu Li, Xiaolin Zhai, Tosin Michael Olajide, Garry X. Shen, Xianyan Liao
Summary: Biofortification with inorganic selenium increased the contents of selenium, total sugar, vitamin C, gamma-aminobutyric acid, total polyphenols, and total flavonoids in germinated black soybeans. However, it decreased the contents of soluble protein, fat, and reducing sugar. The antioxidant activity of the selenium biofortified black soybeans positively correlated with phenolic substances accumulation. Principal component analysis showed significant differences between the biofortified black soybeans and regular black soybeans.
JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Qiaoli Zhao, Liuping Fan, Yulin Zhou, Jinwei Li
Summary: The aim of this study was to fabricate chitosan-protocatechuic acid (CSPA) conjugates and use them as novel emulsifiers to inhibit lipid oxidation and delay the degradation of curcumin in polysaccharide-based high internal phase emulsions (HIPEs). The results showed that the CSPA conjugates had improved water solubility and antioxidant activity compared to chitosan alone. The introduction of the CSPA conjugates also improved the viscosity and viscoelasticity of the aqueous phase, preventing droplet coalescence and providing protection for curcumin against ultraviolet irradiation and natural light degradation in the HIPEs.
CARBOHYDRATE POLYMERS
(2023)
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Shad Mahfuz, Hong-Seok Mun, Muhammad Ammar Dilawar, Keiven Mark B. Ampode, Chul-Ju Yang
Summary: Protocatechuic acid (PCA) is a phenolic compound derived from natural plants, known for its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial properties. It has been shown to enhance the antioxidant status, immune function, antimicrobial activity, intestinal health, and growth performance of farm animals. However, the practical application of PCA in animal nutrition, including dosages and its mode of action on animal health, remains unclear.
Review
Food Science & Technology
Carlos Bravo-Diaz
Summary: This review provides an overview of the kinetic approaches used in controlling the oxidative stability of edible oil-in-water emulsions, with a focus on the role of antioxidants and the kinetics of the inhibition reaction. The application of physical-organic chemistry methods, such as pseudophase models, allows for the investigation of antioxidant partitioning and the understanding of the role of interfaces, opening new possibilities for designing tailored antioxidants and optimizing their efficiency.
CRITICAL REVIEWS IN FOOD SCIENCE AND NUTRITION
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Marlene Costa, Sonia Losada-Barreiro, Antonio Vicente, Carlos Bravo-Diaz, Fatima Paiva-Martins
Summary: Selecting effective antioxidants is challenging due to their dependency on concentration and location at the reaction site. This study analyzes the effects of surfactant concentration, droplet size, and oil to water ratio on the effective interfacial concentration of antioxidants in emulsions and nanoemulsions. The results show that despite high radical scavenging capacity, the investigated antioxidants do not effectively inhibit lipid oxidation, potentially due to their relatively low interfacial concentrations.
Review
Food Science & Technology
Marlene Costa, Vania Costa, Margarida Lopes, Fatima Paiva-Martins
Summary: The chemistry of phenolic compounds in virgin olive oil is complex, especially due to the specific phenol class called secoiridoids. Research on secoiridoids is relatively scarce compared to other classes of phenolic compounds, and secoiridoids may include non-phenolic compounds as well. It is important to study the structures and chemistry of these compounds to understand their bioactivity and metabolism.
CRITICAL REVIEWS IN FOOD SCIENCE AND NUTRITION
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Lucia Fernandez-Ventoso, Artai Toba-Perez, Sonia Losada-Barreiro, Fatima Paiva-Martins, Carlos Bravo-Diaz
Summary: In this paper, the pseudophase kinetic model (PKM) is further tested for evaluating the distributions of antioxidants in intact lipid-based emulsions and providing insights into their chemical reactivity. The results demonstrate that the PKM is an effective non-destructive tool for determining antioxidant concentrations, assessing the effects of various factors, and separating the medium and concentration effects.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Sonia Losada-Barreiro, Zerrin Sezgin-Bayindir, Fatima Paiva-Martins, Carlos Bravo-Diaz
Summary: Natural antioxidants sourced from fruits, vegetables, meats, eggs, and fish are essential for protecting cells, reducing food loss, improving health, and promoting sustainability in food and pharmaceutical systems. Nanotechnology-based formulations show promise in enhancing the pharmacological action and bioavailability of antioxidants, addressing the challenge of poor bioavailability in clinical applications.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Sonia Losada-Barreiro, Fatima Paiva-Martins, Carlos Bravo-Diaz
Summary: Recently, there has been great interest in the partitioning of antioxidants in oil-water two-phase systems due to their potential in downstream biomolecule processing and health benefits. The partition constant values between water and organic solvents are closely related to important biological and pharmaceutical properties. In this review, the relevant equations for describing the partitioning of antioxidants and the methods for determining their partition constants in edible oils are discussed. The effects of acidity and temperature on their distributions are also examined.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Tamara Martinez-Senra, Sonia Losada-Barreiro, Carlos Bravo-Diaz
Summary: Charged interfaces can significantly impact chemical reactions, particularly through changes in interfacial acidity and the ionization status of antioxidants. In this study, different types of surfactants and their mixtures were used to prepare emulsions, and the effects of charged interfaces on the oxidative stability of the emulsions were analyzed. The results showed a strong correlation between the relative oxidative stability and the effective interfacial concentrations of the antioxidant. This highlights the importance of considering the effective interfacial concentrations of antioxidants in emulsions when evaluating their efficiency.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Tamara Martinez-Senra, Sonia Losada-Barreiro, Jose M. Hermida-Ramon, Ana M. Grana, Carlos Bravo-Diaz
Summary: This study integrates theory and experiments to provide a detailed description of the location and orientation of antioxidants in olive-oil-in-water nanoemulsions. The results show that the majority of the antioxidant is located in the interfacial region, making it effective in inhibiting lipid oxidation. The hybrid approach of experiments and simulations provides a useful pathway to design functionalized emulsions to minimize lipid oxidation.
Review
Chemistry, Medicinal
Zerrin Sezgin-Bayindir, Sonia Losada-Barreiro, Sofia Fernandez-Bravo, Carlos Bravo-Diaz
Summary: Cancer is a major cause of death worldwide, and current treatments have limitations. Antioxidants have potential therapeutic properties, but their clinical efficiency against cancer is limited. In this review, we discuss recent advances in potential delivery systems for antioxidant therapy in cancer. We also explore strategies to enhance the solubility of poorly water-soluble drugs, such as lipid-based, polymeric, and inorganic formulations. Additionally, we examine the use of cyclodextrins, micro- and nanoemulsions, and smart liposomes for improved drug delivery and release.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Josefa Freiria-Gandara, Tamara Martinez-Senra, Carlos Bravo-Diaz
Summary: The efficiency and distribution of HT and its hydrophobic derivatives in fish oil-in-water nanoemulsions were investigated. The results showed that the efficiency of the antioxidants is related to their hydrophobicity and is influenced by the surfactant concentration and oil-to-water ratio.
Article
Physics, Fluids & Plasmas
David Cabaleiro, Sonia Losada-Barreiro, Filippo Agresti, Carolina Hermida-Merino, Laura Fedele, Luis Lugo, Simona Barison, Manuel M. Pineiro
Summary: This study focuses on preparing and characterizing phase change material nanoemulsions as thermal fluids with latent functionality. The results show that the formulated nanoemulsions have good stability and thermal reliability, effectively reducing subcooling and enhancing energy storage capacity.