Review
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Zhiyun Liao, Jing Huang, Pui-Chi Lo, Jonathan F. Lovell, Honglin Jin, Kunyu Yang
Summary: Nanovaccines, which use nanoparticles as carriers and/or adjuvants, have shown great potential in cancer therapy due to their advantages in delivering antigens and inducing immune response. However, the role of nanoparticles in vaccines is still not well studied. This review aims to explore the mechanisms and potential benefits of self-adjuvanting nanovaccines in cancer treatment, providing insights for future vaccine design.
JOURNAL OF NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Oncology
Julian Hamfjord, Tormod Kyrre Guren, Bengt Glimelius, Halfdan Sorbye, Per Pfeiffer, Olav Dajani, Ole Christian Lingjaerde, Kjell Magne Tveit, Niels Pallisgaard, Karen-Lise Garm Spindler, Elin H. Kure
Summary: This study aimed to investigate clinicopathological factors associated with the detection of ctDNA in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer. Results indicated that increasing size of target lesions, intact primary tumor, and multiple metastatic sites were associated with mutation detection in plasma, while metastatic involvement of the lung was associated with non-detection. High allele frequencies of ctDNA indicated poor prognosis independently of other biomarkers.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CANCER
(2021)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Yanqiu Song, Qi Su, Huijuan Song, Xiaoguang Shi, Mingming Li, Na Song, Shaofeng Lou, Weiwei Wang, Zhilin Yu
Summary: This study investigated the impact of two groups of self-adjuvanting peptide vaccines with different morphologies on immune responses, revealing that nanofibril vaccines exhibited enhanced performance in inducing DCs maturation, accumulation at lymph nodes, and antitumor immune responses compared to nanoparticle vaccines. The findings suggest that there is a strong relationship between the morphology of peptide vaccines and their immune response, emphasizing the critical role of morphological control in designing efficient peptide vaccines.
ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES
(2021)
Review
Chemistry, Analytical
Jooyoung Ro, Junyoung Kim, Yoon-Kyoung Cho
Summary: Three-dimensional multicellular spheroid models can accurately recapitulate the tumor microenvironment and microfluidic platforms are extensively used to study spheroids and understand cellular interactions and discover cancer therapeutics.
Article
Genetics & Heredity
Hideharu Tanaka, Chiemi Saigo, Yoshinori Iwata, Itaru Yasufuku, Yusuke Kito, Kazuhiro Yoshida, Tamotsu Takeuchi
Summary: The study aimed to generate a monoclonal antibody that preferentially reacts with colorectal cancer cells and identified a cancer-associated glycosylation epitope on annexin A2 recognized by 12G5A antibody. The high immunoreactivity of 12G5A was significantly associated with poor overall and progression-free survival rates in colorectal cancer patients.
JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR MEDICINE-JMM
(2021)
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Till A. Roehn, Shin Numao, Heike Otto, Christian Loesche, Gebhard Thoma
Summary: LTA4H is a crucial enzyme in regulating the generation of inflammatory mediators, and inhibiting it can reduce LTB4 production and increase the synthesis of anti-inflammatory mediators. While first-generation inhibitors had limitations, a new generation of more potent and selective LTA4H inhibitors is currently undergoing clinical trials.
EXPERT OPINION ON DRUG DISCOVERY
(2021)
Article
Marine & Freshwater Biology
Jin Chen, Li Xu, Xue-Qing Zhang, Xue Liu, Zi-Xuan Zhang, Qiu-Mei Zhu, Jian-Yu Liu, Muhammad Omer Iqbal, Ning Ding, Chang-Lun Shao, Mei-Yan Wei, Yu-Chao Gu
Summary: Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is a leading cause of cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. A marine natural compound, candidusin A (CHNQD-0803), has been identified as a potent AMPK activator and a potential therapeutic candidate for NASH treatment.
MARINE LIFE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Winston A. Haynes, Kathy Kamath, Rebecca Waitz, Patrick S. Daugherty, John C. Shon
Summary: Identification of antigens associated with antibodies is crucial for understanding immune responses in various disease contexts. Using methods like Serum Epitope Repertoire Analysis (SERA) and Protein-based Immunome Wide Association Study (PIWAS), disease-associated serological antigens can be discovered within any known proteome with high statistical power and accuracy.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Surgery
Timothy E. Newhook, Timothy J. Vreeland, James F. Griffin, Rebecca S. Tidwell, Laura R. Prakash, Eugene J. Koay, Ethan B. Ludmir, Brandon G. Smaglo, Shubham Pant, Michael Overman, Robert A. Wolff, Naruhiko Ikoma, Jessica Maxwell, Michael P. Kim, Jeffrey E. Lee, Matthew H. G. Katz, Ching-Wei D. Tzeng
Summary: Objective: This study aimed to characterize the associations between CA19-9 dynamics during neoadjuvant therapy (NT) and survival for patients with PDAC. It was found that the A-B-C-D-E classification of CA19-9 dynamics could predict postresection outcomes more accurately than CA19-9 normalization alone.
Review
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Sana Khan Khilji, Charlotte Op 't Hoog, David Warschkau, Jost Luehle, Felix Goerdeler, Anika Freitage, Peter H. Seeberger, Oren Moscovitz
Summary: Glycans are versatile post-translational modifications that surround all human cells and play a crucial role in immune system recognition and cancer biology. Tumour-associated carbohydrate antigens (TACAs), aberrant glycans found in cancer, are attractive targets for monoclonal antibodies. However, conventional antibodies face limitations in accessing tumour cells. Small antibody fragments have emerged as a potential solution, offering similar affinity and improved effectiveness.
Article
Rheumatology
Ying Zhong, Zhichun Liu, Jinlu Ma, Lin Zhang, Leixi Xue
Summary: This retrospective study aimed to investigate the relationship between tumour-associated antigens (TAAs) and the clinical manifestations and serological markers of SLE. The results showed that SLE patients had higher positivity rates for TAAs such as CA19-9 and CYFRA21-1, and elevated levels of CA125, CA15-3, and CYFRA21-1. Thrombocytopenia and serum creatinine levels were identified as independent risk factors for TAA positivity in SLE patients. In addition, CA125 positivity rate and serum CA125 levels were associated with SLE disease activity.
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Wing Yin Venus Lau, Patrick K. Taylor, Fiona S. L. Brinkman, Amy H. Y. Lee
Summary: Novel therapeutics are urgently needed to manage bacterial infections as antimicrobial resistance (AMR) increases. Antivirulence therapeutics, which aim to weaken bacterial virulence and minimize the risk of AMR development, offer an alternative approach to antibiotics. Pathogen-associated genes (PAGs) that are unique to pathogens may play a crucial role in virulence or host association and represent potential drug targets. This review discusses the current advances in antivirulence drug research, including PAG identification, and emphasizes the importance of integrating bioinformatic/genomic-based methods for discovering novel virulence factors and developing effective antivirulence drugs.
Article
Engineering, Biomedical
Laura C. Bahlmann, Chang Xue, Allysia A. Chin, Arianna Skirzynska, Joy Lu, Brigitte Theriault, David Uehling, Yulia Yerofeyeva, Rachel Peters, Kela Liu, Jianan Chen, Anne L. Martel, Martin Yaffe, Rima Al-award, Rashmi S. Goswami, Jarkko Ylanko, David W. Andrews, John Kuruvilla, Rob C. Laister, Molly S. Shoichet
Summary: Tumour-associated macrophages play a role in poor prognosis and therapy resistance in Hodgkin lymphoma. A biomimetic cryogel was developed using primary human tumours to identify macrophage-targeting therapeutics. Through screening, five drugs were found to significantly reduce tumour-associated macrophage invasion, including ruxolitinib which has shown success in Hodgkin lymphoma clinical trials. Use of a high-content imaging platform validated p38 MAPK as an anti-invasion drug target and identified additional drugs.
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Claudia Augusta Di Trani, Myriam Fernandez-Sendin, Assunta Cirella, Aina Segues, Irene Olivera, Elixabet Bolanos, Ignacio Melero, Pedro Berraondo
Summary: Immune checkpoint inhibitors and adoptive T-cell therapy are leading strategies in cancer immunotherapy. Incorporating new biotechnologies like mRNA technology can enhance the efficacy of immunotherapies by synergizing with already approved treatments and targeting immune cells more effectively. mRNA-based nanomedicines show promise in expanding the arsenal of immunotherapy tools, especially in simplifying drug development and enabling localized expression of immunostimulatory molecules. The success of mRNA-based COVID-19 vaccines demonstrates the feasibility and potential of this approach in clinical settings.
EXPERT OPINION ON DRUG DISCOVERY
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Mark C. Drever, Matthew J. Mogle, Tristan J. Douglas, Scott A. Flemming, Diana J. Hamilton, Justin D. Liefer, Robert W. Elner
Summary: This study compared shorebird use, biofilm biomass, macronutrient content, and stable isotope signatures at two mudflat sites. The results suggest that the high macronutrient content of intertidal biofilm is associated with greater abundance of shorebirds, while biofilm biomass alone does not determine bird use of these sites. The nutritional quality of intertidal biofilm can be a useful measure for assessing habitat quality and development projects in coastal areas.
ESTUARIES AND COASTS
(2023)