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Human endogenous Retroviruses as Pathogenic Factors in the Development of Schizophrenia

FRONTIERS IN PSYCHIATRY (2016)

Journal

FRONTIERS IN PSYCHIATRY

Volume 6, Issue -, Pages -

Publisher

FRONTIERS MEDIA SA

DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2015.00183

Keywords

schizophrenia; human endogenous retrovirus; HERV-W; pathogenesis; gene-environment interaction; infectious

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Psychiatry

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Abstract

Schizophrenia is a complex disorder, characterized by the interplay between genetic and environmental factors. Human endogenous retroviruses (HERVs), genetic elements that originated from infections by exogenous retroviruses millions of years ago, comprise similar to 8% of the human genome. Here, we provide a comprehensive review of accumulating evidence, detailing HERV aberrancies associated with schizophrenia. Studies examining the genome, transcriptome, and proteome of individuals with schizophrenia provide data that support the association of these viral elements with the disorder. Molecular differences can be found within the central nervous system and peripheral tissues. However, additional studies are needed to substantiate the reported link and to address several discrepancies among previous investigations. We further discuss potentially relevant pathogenic mechanisms to the development of schizophrenia.

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Validation of the Collaborative Outcomes study on Health and Functioning during Infection Times (COH-FIT) questionnaire for adults

Marco Solmi, Trevor Thompson, Andres Estrade, Agorastos Agorastos, Joaquim Radua, Samuele Cortese, Elena Dragioti, Friedrich Leisch, Davy Vancampfort, Lau Caspar Thygesen, Harald Aschauer, Monika Schloegelhofer, Elena Aschauer, Andres Schneeberger, Christian G. Huber, Gregor Hasler, Philippe Conus, Kim Q. Do Cuenod, Roland von Kaenel, Gonzalo Arrondo, Paolo Fusar-Poli, Philip Gorwood, Pierre-Michel Llorca, Marie-Odile Krebs, Elisabetta Scanferla, Taishiro Kishimoto, Golam Rabbani, Karolina Skonieczna-Zydecka, Paolo Brambilla, Angela Favaro, Akihiro Takamiya, Leonardo Zoccante, Marco Colizzi, Julie Bourgin, Karol Kaminski, Maryam Moghadasin, Soraya Seedat, Evan Matthews, John Wells, Emilia Vassilopoulou, Ary Gadelha, Kuan-Pin Su, Jun Soo Kwon, Minah Kim, Tae Young Lee, Oleg Papsuev, Denisa Mankova, Andrea Boscutti, Cristiano Gerunda, Diego Saccon, Elena Righi, Francesco Monaco, Giovanni Croatto, Guido Cereda, Jacopo Demurtas, Natascia Brondino, Nicola Veronese, Paolo Enrico, Pierluigi Politi, Valentina Ciappolino, Andrea Pfennig, Andreas Bechdolf, Andreas Meyer-Lindenberg, Kai G. Kahl, Katharina Domschke, Michael Bauer, Nikolaos Koutsouleris, Sibylle Winter, Stefan Borgwardt, Istvan Bitter, Judit Balazs, Pal Czobor, Zsolt Unoka, Dimitris Mavridis, Konstantinos Tsamakis, Vasilios P. Bozikas, Chavit Tunvirachaisakul, Michael Maes, Teerayuth Rungnirundorn, Thitiporn Supasitthumrong, Ariful Haque, Andre R. Brunoni, Carlos Gustavo Costardi, Felipe Barreto Schuch, Guilherme Polanczyk, Jhoanne Merlyn Luiz, Lais Fonseca, Luana V. Aparicio, Samira S. Valvassori, Merete Nordentoft, Per Vendsborg, Sofie Have Hoffmann, Jihed Sehli, Norman Sartorius, Sabina Heuss, Daniel Guinart, Jane Hamilton, John Kane, Jose Rubio, Michael Sand, Ai Koyanagi, Aleix Solanes, Alvaro Andreu-Bernabeu, Antonia San Jose Caceres, Celso Arango, Covadonga M. Diaz-Caneja, Diego Hidalgo-Mazzei, Eduard Vieta, Javier Gonzalez-Penas, Lydia Fortea, Mara Parellada, Miquel A. Fullana, Norma Verdolini, Eva Andrlikova, Karolina Janku, Mark John Millan, Mihaela Honciuc, Anna Moniuszko-Malinowska, Igor Loniewski, Jerzy Samochowiec, Lukasz Kiszkiel, Maria Marlicz, Pawel Sowa, Wojciech Marlicz, Georgina Spies, Brendon Stubbs, Joseph Firth, Sarah Sullivan, Asli Enez Darcin, Hatice Aksu, Nesrin Dilbaz, Onur Noyan, Momoko Kitazawa, Shunya Kurokawa, Yuki Tazawa, Alejandro Anselmi, Cecilia Cracco, Ana Ines Machado, Natalia Estrade, Diego De Leo, Jackie Curtis, Michael Berk, Philip Ward, Scott Teasdale, Simon Rosenbaum, Wolfgang Marx, Adrian Vasile Horodnic, Liviu Oprea, Ovidiu Alexinschi, Petru Ifteni, Serban Turliuc, Tudor Ciuhodaru, Alexandra Bolos, Valentin Matei, Dorien H. Nieman, Iris Sommer, Jim van Os, Therese van Amelsvoort, Ching-Fang Sun, Ta-wei Guu, Can Jiao, Jieting Zhang, Jialin Fan, Liye Zou, Xin Yu, Xinli Chi, Philippe de Timary, Ruud van Winkel, Bernardo Ng, Edilberto Pena, Ramon Arellano, Raquel Roman, Thelma Sanchez, Larisa Movina, Pedro Morgado, Sofia Brissos, Oleg Aizberg, Anna Mosina, Damir Krinitski, James Mugisha, Dena Sadeghi-Bahmani, Farshad Sheybani, Masoud Sadeghi, Samira Hadi, Serge Brand, Antonia Errazuriz, Nicolas Crossley, Dragana Ignjatovic Ristic, Carlos Lopez-Jaramillo, Dimitris Efthymiou, Praveenlal Kuttichira, Roy Abraham Kallivayalil, Afzal Javed, Muhammad Iqbal Afridi, Bawo James, Omonefe Joy Seb-Akahomen, Jess Fiedorowicz, Andre F. Carvalho, Jeff Daskalakis, Lakshmi N. Yatham, Lin Yang, Tarek Okasha, Aicha Dahdouh, Bjoern Gerdle, Jari Tiihonen, Jae Il Shin, Jinhee Lee, Ahmed Mhalla, Lotfi Gaha, Takoua Brahim, Kuanysh Altynbekov, Nikolay Negay, Saltanat Nurmagambetova, Yasser Abu Jamei, Mark Weiser, Christoph U. Correll

Summary: The COH-FIT survey is a valid instrument to measure global mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic. The study confirmed the validity of COH-FIT items and the internal reliability of the co-primary outcome, the P-score. The survey has been translated into 30 languages and measures various mental health symptoms and factors.

JOURNAL OF AFFECTIVE DISORDERS (2023)

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Article Behavioral Sciences

Using simple economic games to assess social orienting and prosocial behavior in adolescents with autism spectrum disorder

Adrian Hase, Melanie Haynes, Gregor Hasler

Summary: This study utilized simple economic games to compare social-economic decision-making between adolescents with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and neurotypical controls. The results showed that individuals with ASD exhibited reduced social orienting but displayed more prosocial behavior in certain conditions. These findings provide important insights into the conditions for prosocial behavior in ASD.

AUTISM RESEARCH (2023)

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Article Clinical Neurology

Can psychedelics enhance group psychotherapy? A discussion on the therapeutic factors

Polina Ponomarenko, Federico Seragnoli, Abigail Calder, Peter Oehen, Gregor Hasler

Summary: This article discusses the therapeutic potential, existing models and challenges of psychedelic-assisted group psychotherapy (PAGP). It argues that combining psychedelic substances and group therapy can enhance group connectedness and interpersonal learning, potentially leading to prosocial behavior and practice of newly acquired knowledge. Challenges include a more rigid therapy structure and potential loss of openness from patients, which can be addressed with adequate therapeutic training. The article aims to support clinical research on PAGP by providing a therapeutic framework and outlining its mechanisms and challenges.

JOURNAL OF PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY (2023)

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Editorial Material Psychiatry

Extrapharmacological Safety Topics in Psychedelic-Assisted Psychotherapy

Abigail Calder, Gregor Hasler

Summary: This viewpoint suggests strategies to enhance safety for both patients and therapists in psychedelic-assisted psychotherapy.

JAMA PSYCHIATRY (2023)

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Review Clinical Neurology

Psychedelics in the treatment of eating disorders: Rationale and potential mechanisms

Abigail Calder, Seline Mock, Nicole Friedli, Patrick Pasi, Gregor Hasler

Summary: Eating disorders are serious illnesses with high mortality rates and comorbidity with other mental health problems. Psychedelic-assisted therapy has shown potential in treating comorbidities of eating disorders, such as mood disorders, PTSD, and substance use disorders. This review summarizes preliminary data on the efficacy of psychedelic-assisted therapy in anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, and binge eating disorder, and discusses potential therapeutic mechanisms. It suggests that psychedelic-assisted therapy may be effective in treating anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa, while data on binge eating disorder is limited. The therapy may improve body image beliefs, normalize reward processing, promote cognitive flexibility, and facilitate trauma processing, as well as addressing common therapeutic factors. Safety concerns and future research recommendations are also discussed.

EUROPEAN NEUROPSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY (2023)

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Article Neurosciences

Prefrontal Glutathione Levels in Major Depressive Disorder Are Linked to a Lack of Positive Affect

Ruth O'Gorman Tuura, Andreas Buchmann, Christopher Ritter, Adrian Hase, Melanie Haynes, Ralph Noeske, Gregor Hasler

Summary: This study found that elevated GSH levels in individuals with current major depressive disorder (MDD) may reflect a state rather than a trait neurobiological change, associated with a loss of positive affect.

BRAIN SCIENCES (2023)

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Meeting Abstract Neurosciences

Reduced Prefrontal.-Aminobutyric Acid and Glutamate Levels in Major Depression: Results of a Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Study

Chris Ritter, Andreas Buchmann, Sabrina Muller, Martin Volle-Berg, Melanie Haynes, Carmen Ghisleni, Ralph Noeske, Ruth Tuura, Gregor Hasler

NEUROPSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY (2022)

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Meeting Abstract Neurosciences

Regional Grey Matter Volume Correlates With Anxiety, Apathy and Resilience in Geriatric Depression

Chris Ritter, Andreas Buchmann, Sabrina Muller, Martin Volle-Berg, Melanie Haynes, Carmen Ghisleni, Ralph Noeske, Ruth Tuura, Gregor Hasler

NEUROPSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY (2022)

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Article Education & Educational Research

Developing a Growth Learning Data Mindset: A Secondary School Approach to Creating a Culture of Data Driven Improvement

Lorenzo Vigentini, Brad Swibel, Garth Hasler

Summary: While Learning Analytics (LA) have gained traction in higher education, there are limited examples of its application in the school sector. This paper presents a case study from a comprehensive coeducational independent day school in Sydney, showcasing the added value of data-driven approaches to foster a culture of improvement among students and teachers. The authors reflect on their experience of developing LA dashboards over the past five years and discuss the impact on secondary school education.

JOURNAL OF LEARNING ANALYTICS (2022)

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