Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Xiangnan He, Jianxiang Cheng, Zhenqing Li, Haitao Ye, Zechu Sun, Qingjiang Liu, Honggeng Li, Rong Wang, Qi Ge
Summary: Highly stretchable and transparent ionic conducting materials with unique working mechanism and performance are developed for electronic devices. A novel stretchable ultraviolet curable ICEs (SUV-ICEs) for 3D printing approach is reported to fabricate complex 3D flexible electronics. The developed SUV-ICEs exhibit high stretchability and thermal stability, and can be covalently bonded with other dielectric elastomers to create functional devices.
ADVANCED MATERIALS TECHNOLOGIES
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Sung-Hun Ha, Jong-Man Kim
Summary: This study introduces high-performance stretchable interconnects produced using a straightforward and reproducible method called direct cut-patterning (DCP). These interconnects, made from highly patternable conductive composites, can endure stretches exceeding 300% and display minimal strain. The DCP-based technique shows potential for use in stretchable display panels.
ADVANCED MATERIALS TECHNOLOGIES
(2023)
Review
Polymer Science
Wenwen Niu, Xiaokong Liu
Summary: This article provides a systematic summary of different types of stretchable ionic conductors, including their design, fabrication, properties, and applications. The advantages and limitations of these conductors are discussed, and possible challenges for their further development and practical applications are presented.
MACROMOLECULAR RAPID COMMUNICATIONS
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Xianmei Huang, Shuqiang Peng, Longhui Zheng, Dongxian Zhuo, Lixin Wu, Zixiang Weng
Summary: In this study, high-performance 3D printed elastomer parts are prepared using a linear scan-based vat photopolymerization system. By adjusting the weight ratio of oligomer in the resin system, utilizing a dual-curing mechanism, and implementing thermal treatment, the molecular weight of the elastomer is increased, resulting in improved mechanical properties.
ADVANCED MATERIALS
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Yuanhang Yang, Wuwei Li, Sreenivasan Sreenivasan Narayanan, Xuewei Wang, Hong Zhao
Summary: This study proposes an assembly strategy for stretchable sensing devices, which involves compressed air-modulated alignment of silver nanowires (AgNWs) and printing transfer to a silicone elastomer. The assembly of AgNWs is achieved at the air-droplet interface through convective flow induced by compressed air, resulting in excellent alignment and packing. The oriented and densely packed AgNWs exhibit a lower and uniform electrical resistance compared to random AgNWs networks. The assembled AgNW networks are then transferred to the printed elastomer patterns using direct ink writing. Excellent electrical properties, wide electrical response range, high repeatability, and antibacterial property are demonstrated, highlighting the potential of wearable sensors.
ADVANCED ENGINEERING MATERIALS
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Mathias Aakyiir, Brayden Tanner, Pei Lay Yap, Hadi Rastin, Tran Thanh Tung, Dusan Losic, Qingshi Meng, Jun Ma
Summary: This study developed and modified a Ti3C2 MXene ink with a siloxane surfactant, which showed strong interactions with a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) matrix. The resulting nanocomposite conductor exhibited high flexibility, conductivity, and mechanical resilience, providing a potential solution for applications in stretchable electronics and sensors.
JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Kirill Keller, David Grafinger, Francesco Greco
Summary: The study investigates the fabrication of flat, lightweight, stretchable conductors using print-related techniques on elastomer substrates for applications in biosensing and wearables. LIG conductors embedded into MPU show the best compromise in terms of electromechanical performance, with full recovery of initial resistance after multiple stretching and even after 100% stretch.
FRONTIERS IN MATERIALS
(2021)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Dong-Joo Kang, Jong-Man Kim
Summary: The study introduces a universal microfabrication route for developing highly micro-patternable and strain-insensitive electronic circuits composed of silver nanowires or other functional conductive nanomaterials. Through a combination of SPT micro-patterning and kirigami cutting processes, a highly stretchable and easily customizable circuit board was successfully constructed for emerging stretchable system applications.
JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY C
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Yunyun Wu, Kory Schlingman, Sara S. Mechael, Yiting Chen, Tricia Breen Carmichael
Summary: Stretchable conductors are essential for stretchable and wearable electronic devices. This study investigates the relationship between topography, cracking, and resistance in metal films deposited on PDMS elastomers. The findings reveal that microscale cracking patterns are more effective in retaining conductivity.
ACS APPLIED ELECTRONIC MATERIALS
(2022)
Review
Chemistry, Physical
Jae-Man Park, Sungsoo Lim, Jeong-Yun Sun
Summary: Stretchable iontronics is an ideal interface for promoting interaction between humans and devices. Material design plays a crucial role in the field, enabling the fabrication of transparent and stretchable devices by addressing issues with ionic materials. This review provides an overview of recent progress in material design for stretchable iontronics and discusses current challenges and opportunities from the perspective of molecular interactions.
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Qirui Wu, Songjiu Han, Jundong Zhu, Anbang Chen, Jiayu Zhang, Zhen Yan, Jiantao Liu, Jianren Huang, Xiaoxiang Yang, Lunhui Guan
Summary: In this study, solid-state conductive ionogels (SCIg) composed of long-chain copolymer networks were designed and prepared. The SCIg showed outstanding properties, including high tensile strength, conductivity, self-healing efficiency, and UV curable 3D printability. These SCIgs were further applied in the development of resistance-type sensors, capacitive-type sensors, and multifunctional electronic skins, showing great potential in the fields of electronic skin, physiological signal detection, and human-machine interface.
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Minwook Kim, Dong Kyo Oh, Jeong Dae Kim, Minsu Jeong, Hongyoon Kim, Chunghwan Jung, Jungkeun Song, Wonjun Lee, Junsuk Rho, Jong G. Ok
Summary: We propose a rapid and simple method to create Ag nanostructures by using direct mechanical patterning and thermal annealing. The Ag nanostructures are obtained from ionic Ag ink coating that is spin-coated onto the desired substrate and then reduced by thermal annealing. The study systematically investigates the optimal patterning conditions and demonstrates the tunable photonic functionality of Ag architecture.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Zhenyu Wang, Xuting Xia, Meng Zhu, Xingle Zhang, Rui Liu, Jun Ren, Junyi Yang, Ming Li, Jing Jiang, Yu Liu
Summary: A one-step dual-material 3D printing technique was developed to assemble liquid metal (LM) into an elastomer lattice, resulting in composites with high electrical conductivity, stretchability, and EMI shielding effectiveness. Unlike other composites, LM/elastomer lattice composites show minimal electromechanical coupling at high tensile strains, strain-invariant EMI shielding performance, and exceptional stability over 1000 stretching and releasing cycles.
ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS
(2022)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Qingning Li, Ziyang Liu, Sijie Zheng, Weizheng Li, Yongyuan Ren, Lingling Li, Feng Yan
Summary: The development of hydrogels and ionic gels in fields such as soft electronics and wearable sensors is hindered by issues like liquid evaporation and leakage. Ionic conductors without volatile liquids are better options, and this study introduces a liquid polymer electrolyte (LPE) and a solvent-free ionic elastomer (IE). The IE, created through photopolymerization, shows improved conductivity and stretchability with the presence of a high content of lithium salt. The light-curing 3D printing allows for pattern design capability of the IE.
ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Rubai Luo, Xue Li, Haibin Li, Bin Du, Shisheng Zhou
Summary: In this study, a simple strategy was proposed to prepare a stretchable composite conductor using PDMS and PEDOT:PSS, which exhibits good electrical conductivity and mechanical properties. The conductor can be used as skin sensors for real-time monitoring of human joint movements.
PROGRESS IN ORGANIC COATINGS
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Amitabha Nath, Bikram Kishore Mahajan, Laishram Robindro Singh, Shubhajit Vishwas, Rajib Kumar Nanda, Mitra Barun Sarkar
Summary: In2O3 vertical nanostructures were fabricated using a GLAD technique on an In2O3 thin film deposited on an n-type silicon substrate. The structures showed enhanced absorption and photodetection, likely due to the presence of surface-related trap states or oxygen vacancies. The device exhibited improved photosensitivity and detectivity compared to a bare In2O3 thin film device.
JOURNAL OF ELECTRONIC MATERIALS
(2021)
Article
Physics, Applied
Yen-Pu Chen, Bikram K. Mahajan, Dhanoop Varghese, Srikanth Krishnan, Vijay Reddy, Muhammad A. Alam
Summary: Unlike traditional logic transistors, hot carrier degradation in power transistors involves simultaneous and potentially correlated degradation in multiple regions. Understanding and characterizing the voltage- and temperature-dependence of these region-specific degradations is crucial for developing predictive HCD models. This Letter presents a new three-point I-V spectroscopy technique using a physics-based tandem-FET model to extract mobility and threshold voltage degradations in the channel and drift regions of an LDMOS transistor, which could be generalized to other LDMOS transistor configurations.
APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Bikram Kishore Mahajan, Yen-Pu Chen, Muhammad Ashraful Alam
Summary: This article investigates the physical origin of anomalous HCD degradation in power transistors and proposes a general principle to restore the universality of degradation kinetics. The study finds that the empirical models used to evaluate HCD degradation in power transistors can be considered as approximations of the generalized approach.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ELECTRON DEVICES
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Amitabha Nath, Naveen Bhati, Bikram Kishore Mahajan, Jayanta Kumar Rakshit, Mitra Barun Sarkar
Summary: This report outlines the fabrication of Ag nanoparticles on In2O3/TiO2 thin film using the SS-GLAD technique, with a subsequent detailed analysis of the improved electrical and optical properties compared to the thin film without Ag nanoparticles. The inclusion of Ag nanoparticles led to a reduction in bandgap energy, higher transmittance, lower reflectance, and increased power conversion efficiency, suggesting promising potential for photovoltaic applications.
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Yen-Pu Chen, Mengwei Si, Bikram Kishore Mahajan, Zehao Lin, Peide D. Ye, Muhammad Ashraful Alam
Summary: Recently, BEOL compatible In2O3 thin-film transistors grown by ALD have achieved high drain current and small threshold voltage shift under stress conditions. The reliability issues of PBTS and HCD, characterized by a two-stage threshold voltage shift, are attributed to electron trapping/trap-generation and hydrogen-assisted formation of donor-traps. The correlation between HCD and PBTS in BEOL-TFTs is due to the stronger vertical field in an ultrathin device.
IEEE ELECTRON DEVICE LETTERS
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Manufacturing
I-Meng Chen, Yangtao Liu, Xiaowei Yu, Wesley Everhart, Jonghyun Park, Yan Wang, Heng Pan
Summary: Printing techniques have been extensively studied for large-scale and low-cost manufacturing of electronic devices. This study demonstrates the use of aerosol printing and flash sintering for fabricating highly conductive nonplanar Cu patterns. The effects of sintering conditions and localized spots on the conductivity and uniformity of the patterns are investigated.
MANUFACTURING LETTERS
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Minghao Guo, Wan Shou, Liane Makatura, Timothy Erps, Michael Foshey, Wojciech Matusik
Summary: In this study, we propose a parametric, context-sensitive grammar called PolyGrammar specifically designed for polymers. By using symbolic hypergraph representation and simple production rules, PolyGrammar can clearly represent and generate all valid polyurethane structures. We also test the representative power of PolyGrammar and demonstrate its ease of extension to other copolymers and homopolymers. The introduction of PolyGrammar is significant for the discovery and exploration of polymers and serves as a critical blueprint for the design of similar grammars in other chemical fields.
Review
Chemistry, Physical
Avinash Alagumalai, Wan Shou, Omid Mahian, Mortaza Aghbashlo, Meisam Tabatabaei, Somchai Wongwises, Yong Liu, Justin Zhan, Antonio Torralba, Jun Chen, ZhongLin Wang, Wojciech Matusik
Summary: Self-powered intelligent sensing systems, augmented with machine learning, enable large-scale deployment of IoT. Challenges include stable power harvesting, privacy, and ethical implications.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Yue Sun, Yide Zheng, Run Wang, Tongda Lei, Jian Liu, Jie Fan, Wan Shou, Yong Liu
Summary: This article reports a waterproof and humidity-resistant triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) composed of a three-dimensional polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) film and polyacrylonitrile (PAN) nanofiber/zinc oxide nanorods (ZnO NRs) composite membrane. The TENG exhibits excellent electrical output performance even in high-humidity environments, making it highly promising for various applications.
Article
Crystallography
Debajit Deb, Bikram Kishore Mahajan
Summary: In this study, modeling of phonon and defect-induced spin relaxation length (L-S) in Fe3O4 and organic semiconductor (OSC) Alq(3) has been demonstrated. The results show that L-S of Alq(3) decreases with enhanced disorder and film thickness at a low film width regime. An exponential change of L-S at low width regime is found for Alq(3) but not for Fe3O4, indicating comparable spin-dependent scattering and L-S in Fe3O4. L-S also decreases with spin-flip probability for both Alq(3) and Fe3O4. Voltage-dependent tunnel magnetoresistance (TMR) response in Fe3O4/Alq(3)/Co and LSMO/Alq(3)/Co hybrid magnetic tunnel junction (MTJ) devices is attributed to modified spin filter effect across magnetic/OSC junction at high bias regime. TMR reduction with Alq(3) thickness for Fe3O4 device is attributed to spin relaxation at the organic spacer layer. A low bias peak from differential TMR indicates spin-polarized injection for both MTJ devices. Enhanced in-plane spin transfer torque for both MTJ devices is associated with modified spin filtering at magnetic/OSC junctions. Lower TMR signal for LSMO device indicates reduced tunneling and enhanced carrier injection across the OSC, which is also supported by the band structure profile. The TMR response observed from simulation results matches well with previously reported experimental results. Higher TMR response for Fe3O4 device indicates the possibility of device employment in room temperature magnetic recording applications.
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Ratul Kumar Baruah, Bikram Kishore Mahajan, Sujay Routh
Summary: In this study, a double-gate junctionless SiC FET with an embedded P+ pocket in the oxide layer (P+-SiCJLT) is investigated for high-temperature and high-voltage applications. The P+-SiCJLT exhibits better performance compared to a device of similar dimensions without the P+ layer (SiCJLT), as it allows for efficient volume depletion, improves current ratios, enhances intrinsic gain, and enables enhancement-mode operation.
JOURNAL OF ELECTRONIC MATERIALS
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Chuanyong Liu, Liang Wang, Zhaopeng Xia, Wan Shou, Yong Liu
Summary: In this work, hollow porous carbon fiber (HPCF) cathodes were prepared via a spinning-co-foaming technique, followed by zinc oxide nanoparticles as a template and activation process. The aligned channels and hierarchical cavities in HPCF wall provide a high-speed diffusion path for electrolyte penetration via capillary force. The optimized ZHPCF-5 cathode displays a capacity of 220 mAh g-1 at 0.2 A g-1 and an energy density of 224 Wh kg-1 at a 14400 W kg-1 of power density. The assembled quasi-solid-state self-standing ZIC exhibits a high capacity of 153.5 mAh g-1 at 0.5 A g-1.
JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES
(2023)
Proceedings Paper
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
Bikram Kishore Mahajan, Yen-Pu Chen, Ulisses Alberto Heredia Rivera, Rahim Rahimi, Muhammad Ashraful Alam
Summary: This paper focuses on the long-term integrated degradation of LDMOS transistors under radiation and proposes a universal degradation model. By conducting experiments and numerical simulations, a hot carrier degradation model is introduced to explore the physical origin of defects, and it is demonstrated that this model can be applied to other LDMOS devices as well.
2022 IEEE INTERNATIONAL RELIABILITY PHYSICS SYMPOSIUM (IRPS)
(2022)
Proceedings Paper
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
Bikram Kishore Mahajan, Yen-Pu Chen, Muhammad Ashraful Alam, Dhanoop Varghese, Srikanth Krishnan, Vijay Reddy
Summary: This paper investigates the issue of Hot Carrier Degradation (HCD) in LDMOS transistors, determining the physical mechanism through TCAD modeling. The capability of the Super Single Pulse Charge Pumping (SPCP-P-2) technique to extract N-IT(x) is demonstrated, and the spatial and temporal evolution of N-IT(x,t) is quantified and compared with TCAD predictions. Key differences between experimental and TCAD approaches are identified, and possible physical mechanisms are suggested.
2022 IEEE INTERNATIONAL RELIABILITY PHYSICS SYMPOSIUM (IRPS)
(2022)
Review
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Soyeon Park, Wan Shou, Liane Makatura, Wojciech Matusik, Kun (Kelvin) Fu
Summary: This review provides an overview of the application of additive manufacturing technology in polymer composites, highlighting the current challenges and future research directions.
