Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Cornelia Schmutz, Frank Will, Elisabeth Varga, Carola Jaunecker, Gudrun Pahlke, Walter Berger, Doris Marko
Summary: This study investigated the cytotoxic and DNA-damaging properties of anthocyanin-rich extracts from blackberry, bilberry, black currant, and elderberry, as well as their main anthocyanins. The results showed that blackberry extract had potent cytotoxic effects, while the other extracts had minimal effects on cell viability. Single anthocyanins could not induce comparable effects. The study also found that blackberry extract enhanced the cytotoxicity of the chemotherapeutic agent SN-38 and inhibited cell adhesion, but had no effect on DNA damage.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
J. P. Jose Merlin, Sabateeshan Mathavarajah, Graham Dellaire, Kieran P. J. Murphy, H. P. Vasantha Rupasinghe
Summary: Antioxidants can act as radioprotectants to reduce DNA damage caused by radiation or chemical carcinogens, potentially lowering the risk of malignancies such as lung cancer.
Review
Environmental Sciences
Marcelo Souza Silva, Daniel Vitor De Souza, Maria Esther Suarez Alpire, Andrea Cristina De Moraes Malinverni, Regina Claudia Barbosa Da Silva, Milena De Barros Viana, Celina Tizuko Fujiyama Oshima, Daniel Araki Ribeiro
Summary: This study provides a mini review regarding genotoxicity induced by dimethoate as a result of oxidative stress. The research showed that multiple studies have been published in scientific literature, demonstrating the approach in various tissues and organs, but there are limited studies in humans. New studies are crucial for better understanding the pathobiological events of genotoxicity on human cells induced by dimethoate.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Francisco Les, Guillermo Casedas, Carlota Gomez, Cristina Moliner, Marta Sofia Valero, Victor Lopez
Summary: Research has shown that polyphenols, particularly anthocyanins, found in plant foods play a key role in combating oxidative stress and aging. Specifically, anthocyanins have been shown to have potential in inhibiting enzymes and affecting gene expression and metabolic pathways related to glucose, thereby modulating diabetes and associated disorders. Human intervention studies have also suggested that high doses of anthocyanins can be beneficial in preventing or treating type 2 diabetes, but further standardized research is needed to draw general conclusions and claim benefits for the broader population.
JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Shuying Tang, Nan Luo, Qingzhu Zeng, Lihong Dong, Ruifen Zhang, Shan He, Anindya Nag, Fei Huang, Dongxiao Su
Summary: Lychee pulp phenolics possess excellent biological activities. Fermentation by mixed lactic acid bacteria significantly increased catechin and quercetin compared to single-strain fermentation. The fermented lychee phenolics are easily metabolized and transformed by gut microbiota, indicating probiotic potential and importance for the development of functional probiotic products.
Article
Food Science & Technology
Emad Shehata, Priscilla Day-Walsh, Lee Kellingray, Arjan Narbad, Paul A. Kroon
Summary: This study aims to determine the contribution of spontaneous and microbiota-dependent degradation of anthocyanins in the human colon. The results show that anthocyanins are completely degraded in a model of the human colon by a combination of spontaneous and microbiota-dependent processes. The degradation rate of anthocyanins is dependent on the B-ring substitution pattern and the type of sugar moiety.
MOLECULAR NUTRITION & FOOD RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Ika Rahayu, Kris Herawan Timotius
Summary: M. oleifera leaf infusion is a promising herbal drink with good antioxidant, antimutagenic, and antiviral capacities.
Article
Plant Sciences
Hasandeep Singh, Tanveer Singh, Amrit Pal Singh, Sarabjit Kaur, Saroj Arora, Balbir Singh
Summary: This study evaluated the hepatoprotective potential of P. divaricata in paracetamol-induced hepatotoxicity in rats. The methanol extract and its bioactive aqueous fraction showed better antioxidant and antiproliferative activity compared to the chloroform extract in vitro. In vivo experiments demonstrated that the P. divaricata extract significantly restored elevated hepatic biomarkers and protected normal hepatic architecture. The presence of rutin may explain the hepatoprotective potential of P. divaricata.
JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Sameep Sonvane, Prafulla Choudhari, Omprakash Bhusnuare
Summary: Neuropathic pain is often associated with lesions or diseases of the somatosensory system, and its initiation and maintenance are regulated by the peripheral nervous system rather than the central nervous system. Flavonoids and polyphenols have promising effects in neuropathic pain, and structural modifications of certain compounds may yield potent Nav1.7 inhibitors for peripheral pain management.
JOURNAL OF BIOMOLECULAR STRUCTURE & DYNAMICS
(2021)
Article
Plant Sciences
Mohamed A. O. Abdelfattah, Malak Dmirieh, Widad Ben Bakrim, Omar Mouhtady, Mosad A. Ghareeb, Michael Wink, Mansour Sobeh
Summary: Warburgia is a widely distributed genus that possesses anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. This study found that an extract from Warburgia bark has significant antioxidant and anti-aging effects, making it a valuable source of bioactive compounds.
JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Kai-Fu Chang, Jinghua Tsai Chang, Xiao-Fan Huang, Ya-Chih Huang, Chia-Yu Li, Jun-Cheng Weng, Chih-Yen Hsiao, Hui-Ju Hsu, Nu-Man Tsai
Summary: The research demonstrated the anti-glioblastoma activity of Cedrus atlantica (CAt) extract by increasing ROS levels, inducing DNA damage, inducing G(0)/G(1) cell cycle arrest, and cell apoptosis. Additionally, CAt extract also suppresses GBM growth by regulating protein expression and activating apoptosis.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Plant Sciences
Wael Sobhy Darwish, Abada El Sayed Khadr, Maher Abd El Naby Kamel, Mabrouk A. Abd Eldaim, Ibrahim El Tantawy El Sayed, Hamed Mohamed Abdel-Bary, Sami Ullah, Doaa Ahmed Ghareeb
Summary: Carob pods are potentially nutritive and medicinal, with the extract exhibiting strong antioxidant, anti-diabetic, and antimicrobial properties. It also protects erythrocytes from hemolysis.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Felice Lorusso, Antonio Scarano, Stefania Fulle, Luca Valbonetti, Rosa Mancinelli, Ester Sara Di Filippo
Summary: This study analyzed the effects of three natural compounds (resveratrol, curcumin, and apigenin) on the gene expression of human dental pulp stem cells and evaluated their healing effects on critical-size defects in rat calvaria. The results showed that these compounds had positive effects on gene expression and apigenin exhibited the most significant bone healing effects. This study provides new possibilities for promoting bone regeneration through nutraceutical supplementation.
Article
Chemistry, Medicinal
Martin L. Stockley, Amanda Ferdinand, Giovanni Benedetti, Peter Blencowe, Susan M. Boyd, Mat Calder, Mark D. Charles, Lucy V. Edwardes, Tennyson Ekwuru, Harry Finch, Alessandro Galbiati, Lerin Geo, Diego Grande, Vera Grinkevich, Nicholas D. Holliday, Wojciech W. Krajewski, Ellen MacDonald, Jayesh B. Majithiya, Hollie McCarron, Claire L. McWhirter, Viral Patel, Chris Pedder, Eason Rajendra, Macro Ranzani, Laurent J. M. Rigoreau, Helen M. R. Robinson, Theresia Schaedler, Julija Sirina, Graeme C. M. Smith, Martin E. Swarbrick, Andrew P. Turnbull, Simon Willis, Robert A. Heald
Summary: This article describes the discovery and characterization of selective small molecule probes for human DNA polymerase theta (Pol0), a key enzyme involved in microhomology-mediated DNA repair. The crystallographic data provides insight into the unique mechanism of inhibition of these compounds, which could be valuable for the treatment of BRCA deficient and other DNA repair pathway defective cancers.
JOURNAL OF MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY
(2022)
Article
Food Science & Technology
Xiangyu Sun, Jiaqi Wang, Qian Ge, Caihong Li, Tingting Ma, Yulin Fang, Jicheng Zhan
Summary: This study analyzed the interaction between copper and functional substances in wine and its effect on alcoholic liver injury in mice at different drinking amounts. It found that wine can alleviate alcoholic liver damage caused by ethyl alcohol. Low concentrations of copper in wine had minimal impact on liver injury, while high concentrations of copper significantly aggravated the injury. Therefore, it is crucial to strengthen control over copper content in wine and regulatory inspections to protect consumer health.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Estibaliz Huarte, Concepcion Cid, Amaya Azqueta, Maria-Paz De Pena
Summary: The (poly)phenols from green pepper did not exhibit genoprotective properties against oxidatively generated damage in HT-29 cells at simulated physiological concentrations, regardless of the application of a culinary treatment (griddling). Additionally, high concentrations of (poly)phenolic extracts showed a pro-oxidant effect, even at non-cytotoxic concentrations.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NUTRITION
(2021)
Review
Food Science & Technology
Damian Muruzabal, Andrew Collins, Amaya Azqueta
Summary: The enzyme-modified comet assay has been developed to detect various types of DNA lesions beyond the standard version, and has applications in human biomonitoring, environmental toxicology, genotoxicity testing, and basic research. Twelve enzymes have been employed, with some being extensively used while others less so. Additional enzymes could potentially expand the range of detectable DNA lesions and play a crucial role in understanding the mechanism of genotoxins.
FOOD AND CHEMICAL TOXICOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Food Science & Technology
Julen Sanz-Serrano, Ariane Vettorazzi, Damian Muruzabal, Amaya Azqueta, Adela Lopez de Cerain
Summary: This article provides a complete in vitro genotoxicity assessment of three nutrients widely used in the European market, demonstrating that they did not show genotoxicity in any of the conditions tested. This study contributes to the limited evidence available and complements EFSA recommendations for in vitro genotoxicity testing of nutrients.
Article
Toxicology
Natalia Fernandez-Bertolez, Amaya Azqueta, Eduardo Pasaro, Blanca Laffon, Vanessa Valdiglesias
Summary: This study validated the use of salivary leucocytes as a biomatrix for the comet assay and demonstrated the suitability of frozen salivary leucocytes for displaying DNA damage. The results show that salivary leucocytes can be employed as an alternative or complement to blood samples in genetic damage detection, making them a convenient sample for large biomonitoring studies.
ARCHIVES OF TOXICOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Genetics & Heredity
Peter Moller, Ezgi Eyluel Bankoglu, Helga Stopper, Lisa Giovannelli, Carina Ladeira, Gudrun Koppen, Goran Gajski, Andrew Collins, Vanessa Valdiglesias, Blanca Laffon, Elisa Boutet-Robinet, Herve Perdry, Cristian Del Bo', Sabine A. S. Langie, Maria Dusinska, Amaya Azqueta
Summary: The study discusses the use of cryopreserved blood samples in analyzing DNA damage and repair activity, showing that various types of blood samples can be cryopreserved with minimal effect on DNA damage levels. While whole blood and peripheral blood mononuclear cells can be cryopreserved for several years without much impact, caution should be taken when cryopreserving whole blood and buffy coat samples. The article also provides detailed protocols for cryopreserving PBMCs, BCs, and WB samples.
Article
Toxicology
Damian Muruzabal, Julen Sanz-Serrano, Sylvie Sauvaigo, Bertrand Treillard, Ann-Karin Olsen, Adela Lopez de Cerain, Ariane Vettorazzi, Amaya Azqueta
Summary: The field of mechanistic toxicology is becoming increasingly important for human health risk assessment. Researchers have successfully increased the sensitivity and specificity of detecting DNA damage by modifying the comet assay.
ARCHIVES OF TOXICOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Food Science & Technology
Julen Sanz-Serrano, Ariane Vettorazzi, Damian Muruzabal, Adela Lopez de Cerain, Amaya Azqueta
Summary: The study assessed the in vitro genotoxicity of three commonly used functional ingredients - DHA, rutin, and alpha-tocopherol. Rutin showed equivocal responses in the micronucleus test and was a potent Salmonella typhimurium revertant inductor in the Ames test, while DHA exhibited equivocal results in the micronucleus test. DHA and rutin appeared to interact with DNA at a chromosomal level, with rutin also capable of producing frameshift mutations.
FOOD AND CHEMICAL TOXICOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Stefano Bonassi, Marcello Ceppi, Peter Moller, Amaya Azqueta, Mirta Milic, Neri Monica, Gunnar Brunborg, Roger Godschalk, Gudrun Koppen, Sabine A. S. Langie, Joao Paulo Teixeira, Marco Bruzzone, Juliana Da Silva, Danieli Benedetti, Delia Cavallo, Cinzia Lucia Ursini, Lisa Giovannelli, Silvia Moretti, Patrizia Riso, Cristian Del Bo', Patrizia Russo, Malgorzata Dobrzynska, Irina A. Goroshinskaya, Ekaterina I. Surikova, Marta Staruchova, Magdalena Barancokova, Katarina Volkovova, Alena Kazimirova, Bozena Smolkova, Blanca Laffon, Vanessa Valdiglesias, Susana Pastor, Ricard Marcos, Alba Hernandez, Goran Gajski, Biljana Spremo-Potparevic, Lada Zivkovic, Elisa Boutet-Robinet, Herve Perdry, Pierre Lebailly, Carlos L. Perez, Nursen Basaran, Zsuzsanna Nemeth, Anna Safar, Maria Dusinska, Andrew Collins, Diana Anderson, Vanessa Andrade, Cristiana Costa Pereira, Solange Costa, Kristine B. Gutzkow, Carina Ladeira, Massimo Moretti, Carla Costa, Irene Orlow, Emilio Rojas, Bertrand Pourrut, Marcin Kruszewski, Siegfried Knasmueller, Sergey Shaposhnikov, Bojana Zegura, Helga Stopper
Summary: The comet assay, a common method for measuring strand breaks and other DNA lesions, was used in a study to assess the impact of DNA damage on overall mortality and disease risk. The results showed that individuals with high levels of DNA damage had a significantly higher overall mortality and risk of circulatory system diseases. These findings support the use of the comet assay in preventative strategies for non-communicable diseases.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2021)
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Ezgi Eyluel Bankoglu, Trasias Mukama, Verena Katzke, Franzisca Stipp, Theron Johnson, Tilman Kuehn, Florian Seyfried, Roger Godschalk, Andrew Collins, Rudolf Kaaks, Helga Stopper
Summary: The comet assay is commonly used to evaluate genomic damage, with peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) as the preferred cell type. A research center in Germany has a large collection of frozen blood samples from 25 years ago, allowing for retrospective assessment of disease risk factors. Analysis of the Heidelberg-EPIC samples revealed poor correlation in DNA damage between different sampling time points for buffy coat samples, but good correlation for PBMC samples. High BMI was associated with increased DNA damage in PBMCs.
MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS
(2022)
Review
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Josefa Domenech, Adriana Rodriguez-Garraus, Adela Lopez de Cerain, Amaya Azqueta, Julia Catalan
Summary: Graphene-based materials (GBMs) are a broad family of carbon-based nanomaterials widely used in nanotechnology. The potential genotoxicity of GBMs has raised concerns in terms of human health. Existing literature suggests that certain GBMs have the potential to induce genetic damage, although the specific damage type depends on the material. However, the variability in GBMs, cellular systems, and research methods used in studies makes it difficult to identify the physico-chemical properties that drive the genotoxicity response to GBMs.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Adriana Rodriguez-Garraus, Amaya Azqueta, Francisco Laborda, Ana C. Gimenez-Ingalaturre, Alba Ezquerra, Luis Lostao, Adela Lopez de Cerain
Summary: The overuse of antibiotics as growth promoters is one of the causes of global antimicrobial resistance. A new material containing silver in a clay base was developed as a feed additive. In vitro genotoxicity evaluation showed that the formulation did not cause gene mutations, chromosomal aberrations, or DNA damage, suggesting its potential as an antimicrobial material in animal feed.
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Amaya Azqueta, Helga Stopper, Bojana Zegura, Maria Dusinska, Peter Moller
Summary: The comet assay is used to measure DNA damage caused by chemical and physical agents. High concentrations of test agents may lead to false positive results due to cytotoxicity or cell death. It is recommended that publications on comet assay results include assessment of cytotoxicity, cell death or cell proliferation.
MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Adriana Rodriguez-Garraus, Maria Alonso-Jauregui, Ana-Gloria Gil, Inigo Navarro-Blasco, Adela Lopez de Cerain, Amaya Azqueta
Summary: A new material composed of kaolin base with silver nanoparticles was developed as an alternative to antibiotics in animal feed. In an in vivo geno-toxicological evaluation in rats, the material showed no adverse effects when administered orally at a dose of 2000 mg/kg b.w. for 28 days. The material did not induce micronuclei or DNA damage in various tissues, and silver content in target organs confirmed the negative results.
Article
Food Science & Technology
Diana Ansorena, Ruben Ramirez, Adela Lopez de Cerain, Amaya Azqueta, Iciar Astiasaran
Summary: The oxidative stability and genotoxicity of coconut, rapeseed and grape seed oils were evaluated. Samples were subjected to different treatments and changes in peroxide values, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances values, fatty acid profiles, and volatile compounds were analyzed. Mutagenicity was not detected in any case, indicating that the three oils are safe to consume.
Article
Food Science & Technology
Maria Alonso-Jauregui, Adela Lopez de Cerain, Amaya Azqueta, Adriana Rodriguez-Garraus, Ana Gloria Gil, Elena Gonzalez-Penas, Ariane Vettorazzi
Summary: Mycotoxins, such as AFB1 and STER, are natural food and feed contaminants produced by molds. In a study on Wistar rats, it was found that there was no increase in the percentage of micronuclei in bone marrow when exposed to STER, AFB1, or a mixture of both. However, slight DNA damage was observed in the livers of animals treated with AFB1 or the mixture. LC-MS/MS analysis confirmed exposure to both mycotoxins in plasma, liver, and kidney samples.
