Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Ruixue Wang, Chenglong Zhang, Yingfan Zhao, Yongjie Zhou, En Ma, Jianfeng Bai, Jingwei Wang
Summary: In this study, gold was easily recycled from waste mobile phones using a DMF-CuCl2-CaCl2 system, without the need for pretreatments or an enrichment process, and the reaction system could be cyclically utilized. After parameter optimization, the gold leaching rate and precipitation rate could reach over 99%. DMF played a significant role in the leaching system.
JOURNAL OF CLEANER PRODUCTION
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Akshat Sudheshwar, Nadia Malinverno, Roland Hischier, Bernd Nowack, Claudia Som
Summary: This study compares conventional printed circuit boards with paper-based printed electronics and assesses the importance of e-waste recycling for the sustainability of the latter. The results show that printed electronics have a sustainability advantage through the recycling of silver. Therefore, design-for-recycling and e-waste recycling are crucial for the sustainability of current printed electronics.
RESOURCES CONSERVATION AND RECYCLING
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Shujing Lin, Di Zhang, Yanpu Wang, Zixian Yu, Qichao Li, Fei Wang, Yuanchao Li, Yiping Guo, Jianmin Miao, Daxiang Cui, Di Chen
Summary: This study presents a cost-effective and solderable fabrication process for manufacturing stretchable circuit boards, demonstrating their excellent solderability. The feasibility of these circuit boards for wearable embedded systems is shown through the development of soft wireless pressure monitoring prototypes and soft posture detection and control systems. Tests reveal that the circuit boards and embedded systems are robust enough for application in wearable systems.
SENSORS AND ACTUATORS A-PHYSICAL
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Furkan Ulger, Seniha Esen Yuksel, Atila Yilmaz, Dincer Gokcen
Summary: Surface mount technology (SMT) is a reliable procedure for mounting electronic components to printed circuit boards (PCBs). This article surveys various methods for optical inspection of solder joints on PCBs, including reference-based, machine learning/computer vision, deep learning, and 3-D reconstruction approaches. The authors compare and discuss these approaches, focusing on recent advancements in deep learning and 3-D reconstruction techniques, and also provide a public dataset for solder joint inspection. They address the lack of defective samples in existing datasets by publishing a dataset with both normal and different types of SMT errors, which can serve as a benchmark for different algorithms. The dataset is available at https://github.com/furkanulger/solder-joint-dataset.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INSTRUMENTATION AND MEASUREMENT
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Solene Touze, Valerie Laperche, Agathe Hubau, Pauline Moreau
Summary: In this study, portable X-ray fluorescence (pXRF) and inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) after acid digestion were used to analyze the chemical composition of waste printed circuit boards (WPCB). The results showed that the 200 μm particle size sample had homogeneity and reliability, and pXRF measurements with loose powder showed low data dispersion. For samples with a particle size of 750 μm and 2 mm, the homogeneity needed to be compensated by increasing the number of repetitions. pXRF could provide a rapid non-intrusive approach for first-level screening of metal contents.
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Guilherme Botelho Meireles de Souza, Mariana Bisinotto Pereira, Lucas Francisco dos Santos, Christian Goncalves Alonso, Veeriah Jegatheesan, Lucio Cardozo-Filho
Summary: This study explored the application of supercritical water technology in managing waste printed circuit boards, focusing on their recycling-oriented characterization and organic degradation. The study also investigated the subsequent treatment of liquid decomposition by-products, identified major gaseous products, and proposed a strategy to enhance combustible gas production.
JOURNAL OF CLEANER PRODUCTION
(2022)
Article
Polymer Science
Aung Kyaw Moe, Jirasuta Chungprempree, Jitima Preechawong, Pornsri Sapsrithong, Manit Nithitanakul
Summary: The utilization of non-metallic printed circuit boards (NMPCBs) from waste printed circuit boards as a filler in PVC composites was studied to reduce environmental threats. Treated NMPCBs blended with PVC showed improved tensile modulus, thermal stability, and interfacial adhesion. The incorporation of 1 wt.% of GPTMS successfully modified the NMPCBs and enhanced the dispersion and interfacial adhesion in the PVC matrix.
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Huichao Chu, Can Qian, Bingyang Tian, Shiyue Qi, Jia Wang, Baoping Xin
Summary: The pyrometallurgy coupling indirect bioleaching strategy effectively extracts copper and nickel from waste printed circuit boards, with calcination pretreatment significantly improving copper release while inhibiting nickel release. Treated waste PCBs can be safely reused as non-hazardous materials, reducing environmental risks associated with them.
RESOURCES CONSERVATION AND RECYCLING
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Zhiwei Peng, Jie Wang, Xin Zhang, Jiaxing Yan, Wenxing Shang, Jingfeng Yu, Guangyan Zhu, Mingjun Rao, Guanghui Li, Tao Jiang
Summary: This study reports the enrichment behaviors of heavy metals, including copper, tin, lead, and zinc, in the process of microwave pyrolysis of spent printed circuit boards. The results show that under optimal conditions, the pyrolyzed SPCB had higher contents of copper, tin, lead, and zinc. Metal discharge and volatilization were responsible for the loss of metals, and by controlling the pyrolysis conditions, the metals could be effectively enriched for subsequent treatment with high efficiency.
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Tae Uk Han, Young-Kwon Park, Young-Min Kim
Summary: This study investigated the catalytic pyrolysis of phenolic printed circuit boards using red mud and various zeolite catalysts, revealing that HBeta exhibited the highest debromination efficiency while HDeZSM-5 produced the most mono-aromatic hydrocarbons. Two-stage catalytic pyrolysis improved debromination efficiency, with the configuration of in-situ red mud/ex-situ HDeZSM-5 producing the most MAHs.
JOURNAL OF CLEANER PRODUCTION
(2021)
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Mohamed Khalil, Jamal Chaouki, Jean-Philippe Harvey
Summary: Electronic products consist of a wide range of materials that make it difficult to recycle individual components. Therefore, end-of-life electronic products are usually shredded and sent to pyrometallurgical processes to recover valuable metals. One major issue in recycling is the release of gaseous brominated species that need to be captured or stabilized, highlighting the importance of understanding the chemical interactions between various components in these processes.
ADVANCED SUSTAINABLE SYSTEMS
(2022)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Jinwoo Ma, Vivek T. Bharambe, Karl A. Persson, Adam L. Bachmann, Ishan D. Joshipura, Jongbeom Kim, Kyu Hwan Oh, Jason F. Patrick, Jacob J. Adams, Michael D. Dickey
Summary: Liquid metals can adhere to most surfaces due to the presence of a native gallium oxide layer, but a coating made of suspended silica particles in an appropriate solvent can prevent adhesion on various 3D printed plastics and commercial polymers. This technique allows for the creation of a transparent, nanoscopically rough coating that enables liquid metals to roll and bounce off treated surfaces, and can be selectively removed by laser ablation for metal patterning.
ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Sumin Pyo, Avnish Kumar, Moonis Ali Khan, Byong-Hun Jeon, Siyoung Q. Choi, Young-Min Kim, Young-Kwon Park
Summary: Pyrolysis is used as an environmental technology for treating e-waste and producing fuel, but the presence of brominated compounds in the pyrolysis oil hinders its commercialization. This study explored the use of various zeolites and basic metal oxides for the pyrolysis of FPCBs to produce bromine-free oil. Zeolites showed higher efficiency in debrominating aromatic hydrocarbons compared to basic metal oxides. HZ (30) catalyst resulted in highly selective production of benzene and toluene. CaO and HZ (30) were effective in debromination and aromatic production, respectively. In-situ CaO/ex-situ HZ (30) combination achieved 100% debromination efficiency, while in-situ HZ (30)/ex-situ CaO configuration had higher aromatic hydrocarbon production with 77.5% debromination efficiency when the amount of CaO was increased.
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Yiming Zang, Mohamad Ghaffarian Niasar, Yong Qian, Xiaoli Zhou, Gehao Sheng, Xiuchen Jiang, Peter Vaessen
Summary: This article proposes an optical-based PD detection method for PCBs, which effectively immune to electromagnetic and acoustic interference. The method uses fluorescent fiber as a PD optical signal sensor and has been verified to have satisfactory detection sensitivity, sensing range, and anti-interference performance.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON TRANSPORTATION ELECTRIFICATION
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Guofu Dai, Jun Han, Chenlong Duan, Ligang Tang, Yonghui Peng, Youmei Chen, Haishen Jiang, Zhenhua Zhu
Summary: The study focused on enhancing the flotation efficiency of waste printed circuit boards by alkaline immersion treatment. SEM-EDS analysis revealed complete liberation of metal and nonmetal in the crushed products. By adjusting alkaline immersion time and pH value, a good flotation effect was achieved. XPS analysis showed changes in nonmetal molecular structure, leading to improved dispersion in slurry and increased hydrophilicity. This study offers a new route to enhance the recycling efficiency of waste printed circuit boards.
Review
Chemistry, Analytical
Shantonu Biswas, Mahsa Mozafari, Thomas Stauden, Heiko O. Jacobs
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Shantonu Biswas, Johannes Reiprich, Thaden Cohrs, David T. Arboleda, Andreas Schoeberl, Mahsa Mozafari, Leslie Schlag, Thomas Stauden, Joerg Pezoldt, Heiko O. Jacobs
ADVANCED MATERIALS TECHNOLOGIES
(2017)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Johannes Reiprich, Michael Gebinoga, Lutz-Philipp Traue, Leslie Schlag, Shantonu Biswas, Mahsa Kaltwasser, Maria Christine Honecker, Thomas Stauden, Joerg Pezoldt, Andreas Schober, Heiko O. Jacobs
SENSORS AND ACTUATORS B-CHEMICAL
(2018)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Mahsa Kaltwasser, Udo Schmidt, Shantonu Biswas, Johannes Reiprich, Leslie Schlag, Nishchay Angel Isaac, Thomas Stauden, Heiko O. Jacobs
ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES
(2018)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Shantonu Biswas, Johannes Reiprich, Joerg Pezoldt, Thomas Stauden, Heiko O. Jacobs
ADVANCED MATERIALS TECHNOLOGIES
(2019)
Article
Crystallography
Johannes Reiprich, Thomas Kups, Leslie Schlag, Nishchay A. Isaac, Shantonu Biswas, Jonas Breiling, Peter Schaaf, Thomas Stauden, Joerg Pezoldt, Heiko O. Jacobs
JOURNAL OF CRYSTAL GROWTH
(2019)
Review
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Shantonu Biswas, Yon Visell
ADVANCED MATERIALS TECHNOLOGIES
(2019)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Shantonu Biswas, Andreas Schoeberl, Yufei Hao, Johannes Reiprich, Thomas Stauden, Joerg Pezoldt, Heiko O. Jacobs
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2019)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Mahsa Kaltwasser, Udo Schmidt, Lars Loesing, Shantonu Biswas, Thomas Stauden, Andreas Bund, Heiko O. Jacobs
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2019)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Shantonu Biswas, Yitian Shao, Taku Hachisu, Tung Nguyen-Dang, Yon Visell
ADVANCED MATERIALS TECHNOLOGIES
(2020)
Article
Robotics
Yufei Hao, Shantonu Biswas, Elliot Wright Hawkes, Tianmiao Wang, Mengjia Zhu, Li Wen, Yon Visell
Summary: This research presents a fingerless soft gripper with a soft accordion-like structure and Gecko-like skin that can efficiently perform various grasping actions under manual control. Experiments show that the soft gripper is able to successfully grasp a wide variety of objects, with its performance aligning well with the theoretical model presented.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ROBOTICS
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Mengjia Zhu, Shantonu Biswas, Stejara Iulia Dinulescu, Nikolas Kastor, Elliot Wright Hawkes, Yon Visell
Summary: Recent advances in wearable soft robotics have the potential to revolutionize various fields such as haptic interfaces, assistive robotics, and biomedical devices. These soft robotic systems are designed to accommodate complex human morphology and movements, ensuring safe operation and providing context-appropriate haptic feedback or assistance to wearers.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE IEEE
(2022)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Shantonu Biswas, Johannes Reiprich, Joerg Pezoldt, Matthias Hein, Thomas Stauden, Heiko O. Jacobs
FLEXIBLE AND PRINTED ELECTRONICS
(2018)
Article
Physics, Applied
Shantonu Biswas, Johannes Reiprich, Thaden Cohrs, Thomas Stauden, Joerg Pezoldt, Heiko O. Jacobs
APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS
(2017)