Journal
CATALYSIS SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
Volume 6, Issue 17, Pages 6551-6560Publisher
ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY
DOI: 10.1039/c6cy00553e
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Funding
- National Natural Science Foundation of China [21476021]
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Methods to catalytically convert carbohydrates into lactic acid (LA), which is a versatile platform chemical, have been widely investigated. In this study, siliceous tin phosphates were utilized as reusable Bronsted-Lewis acid bifunctional catalysts during the conversion of 1,3-dihydroxyacetone (DHA) to LA under hydrothermal conditions. The product distribution closely depended on the reaction temperature, catalyst loading and substrate concentration. The highest LA yield of 93.8% was achieved with a complete DHA conversion at 140 degrees C after 5 h. The reaction was facilitated by the vast presence of Bronsted and Lewis acid sites that were confirmed by both pyridine FTIR and NH3-TPD analysis. The incorporation of silica significantly lowered the Sn content and improved the thermal stability of the tin phosphate catalysts. A possible reaction mechanism was proposed in that the Lewis and Bronsted acid sites synergistically catalyzed the conversion of pyruvaldehyde to LA, which was found to be the rate-determining step. The method allows for facile catalyst separation and recycling while expanding the applicability of silica in the field of biomass-to-chemical conversion.
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