Journal
JOURNAL OF OPTICS
Volume 18, Issue 3, Pages -Publisher
IOP PUBLISHING LTD
DOI: 10.1088/2040-8978/18/3/035203
Keywords
real-time 3D imaging; single-pixel imaging; photometric stereo; Hadamard matrices; pixel registration
Categories
Funding
- European Research Council (ERC) through TWISTS [192382]
- Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC) through COAM [EP/I012451/1]
- University of Glasgow through the Kelvin Smith Scholarship
- EPSRC [EP/I012451/1] Funding Source: UKRI
- Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council [EP/I012451/1] Funding Source: researchfish
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Photometric stereo is an established three-dimensional (3D) imaging technique for estimating surface shape and reflectivity using multiple images of a scene taken from the same viewpoint but subject to different illumination directions. Importantly, this technique requires the scene to remain static during image acquisition otherwise pixel-matching errors can introduce significant errors in the reconstructed image. In this work, we demonstrate a modified photometric stereo system with perfect pixel-registration, capable of reconstructing 3D images of scenes exhibiting dynamic behavior in real-time. Performing high-speed structured illumination of a scene and sensing the reflected light with four spatially-separated, single-pixel detectors, our system reconstructs continuous real-time 3D video at similar to 8 frames per second for image resolutions of 64 x 64 pixels. Moreover, since this approach does not use a pixelated camera sensor, it can be readily extended to other wavelengths, such as the infrared, where camera technology is expensive.
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