Article
Oncology
Jihun Kang, Su-Min Jeong, Dong Wook Shin, Mihee Cho, Jong Ho Cho, Jehun Kim
Summary: This study found that metformin had a protective association with lung cancer incidence and mortality, while aspirin and statins were associated with reduced lung cancer mortality. The combined use of these medications showed more prominent protective associations with lung cancer risk and mortality.
JOURNAL OF THORACIC ONCOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Oncology
Xinchen Wang, Qing Liu, Oskar O. Halfdanarson, Helga Zoega, Omid Sadr-Azodi, Lars Engstrand, Katja Fall, Nele Brusselaers
Summary: The study found that PPI use after CRC diagnosis was associated with increased all-cause and CRC-specific mortality, particularly among male patients, cancer stage 0-I, rectal cancer, and patients receiving CRC surgery. Additionally, the association between PPI use and all-cause mortality was more pronounced in new users compared to non-users. Risk estimates for CRC-specific mortality comparing PPI users to nonusers were similar to those for all-cause mortality.
BRITISH JOURNAL OF CANCER
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Peter Elwood, Majd Protty, Gareth Morgan, Janet Pickering, Christine Delon, John Watkins
Summary: Evidence on aspirin and cancer suggests that aspirin has effects on biological mechanisms in cancer and shows overall favorable results in clinical studies. However, evidence from randomized trials is limited and inconsistent. Meta-analyses of observational studies indicate that aspirin is associated with improved survival and reduced metastatic spread and vascular complications in cancer patients.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Ahmed Sam Beydoun, Kaleigh A. Stabenau, Kenneth W. Altman, Nikki Johnston
Summary: Esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) is increasing rapidly and has a poor prognosis, often preceded by Barrett's esophagus (BE). This review provides an overview of BE, EAC, and the progression from BE to EAC. The definition, diagnosis, epidemiology, and risk factors for both conditions are discussed, with special attention given to areas of debate. The progression from BE to EAC is likely driven by inflammatory pathways, pepsin exposure, upregulation of growth factor pathways, and mitochondrial changes. Surveillance is conducted through serial endoscopic evaluation, with shorter intervals recommended for high-risk features.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Review
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Jinjia Zhang, Huadong Wu, Rongying Wang
Summary: A meta-analysis was conducted to assess the effect of NSAIDs on Barrett's esophagus risk, showing that NSAIDs could reduce the risk of Barrett's esophagus, especially in females.
CLINICS AND RESEARCH IN HEPATOLOGY AND GASTROENTEROLOGY
(2021)
Article
Oncology
L. Lukas Lofling, Nathalie C. Stoer, Bettina Kulle Andreassen, Giske Ursin, Edoardo Botteri
Summary: This study assessed the prognostic effect of aspirin, statins, and metformin in breast cancer patients, with inconclusive results. It found evidence supporting an association between post-diagnostic use of statins and metformin and survival in patients with breast cancer, with potential differences according to estrogen receptor status.
BREAST CANCER RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Oncology
Jiaojiao Zheng, Giola Santoni, Shao-Hua Xie, Jesper Lagergren
Summary: The study suggests that the use of metformin in diabetes patients diagnosed with gastric adenocarcinoma may reduce the risk of disease-specific and all-cause mortality, particularly in female patients, patients with tumor stage III or IV, and those with the least comorbidity.
BRITISH JOURNAL OF CANCER
(2021)
Review
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Motasem Alkhayyat, Prabhat Kumar, Krishna O. Sanaka, Prashanthi N. Thota
Summary: The incidence of Barrett's esophagus and esophageal adenocarcinoma has been increasing, leading to a search for chemoprevention strategies. Proton-pump inhibitors and Aspirin have shown effectiveness in reducing cancer incidence in Barrett's patients. Other agents lack sufficient evidence for chemoprevention in these patients.
THERAPEUTIC ADVANCES IN GASTROENTEROLOGY
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Oluwafunke R. Kolawole, Khosrow Kashfi
Summary: Acute inflammation is an adaptive host defense mechanism, but unresolved or chronic inflammation can lead to various maladies, including cancer. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) such as aspirin have been shown to reduce the risk and mortality of many cancers. Besides targeting cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), NSAIDs also affect other important targets, and specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPMs) promote the resolution of inflammation and tissue healing, showing potential in inhibiting cancer growth and metastasis.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Review
Oncology
Lu Zhang, Binyu Sun, Xi Zhou, QiongQiong Wei, Sicheng Liang, Gang Luo, Tao Li, Muhan Lu
Summary: This article briefly describes the etiology and clinical significance of intestinal metaplasia in Barrett's esophagus, as well as its impact on diagnosis, monitoring, and treatment according to different guidelines. The basis for endoscopic diagnosis and identification techniques of goblet cells in Barrett's esophagus are explored, along with current treatment methods related to the condition.
FRONTIERS IN ONCOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Oncology
Qing Shen, Arvid Sjolander, Erica K. Sloan, Adam K. Walker, Katja Fall, Unnur Valdimarsdottir, Par Sparen, Karin E. Smedby, Fang Fang
Summary: Intake of low-dose aspirin after cancer diagnosis was associated with a lower risk of unnatural deaths among cancer patients.
Editorial Material
Oncology
Anant Madabhushi, Paula Toro, Joseph E. Willis
Summary: The study by Waterhouse and colleagues described the development of an artificial intelligence approach combined with spectral imaging for improving endoscopic detection of Barrett's esophagus-related neoplasia. A spectral endoscope was developed to define multispectral data correlated with histopathology, and a convolutional neural network was trained to distinguish Barrett's esophagus from Barrett's esophagus neoplasia. The results suggest the potential utility of artificial intelligence in the diagnosis of Barrett's esophagus.
Article
Genetics & Heredity
Nandan P. Deshpande, Stephen M. Riordan, Claire J. Gorman, Shaun Nielsen, Tonia L. Russell, Carolina Correa-Ospina, Bentotage S. M. Fernando, Shafagh A. Waters, Natalia Castano-Rodriguez, Si Ming Man, Nicodemus Tedla, Marc R. Wilkins, Nadeem O. Kaakoush
Summary: This study comprehensively assessed the esophageal microenvironment in patients with gastro-esophageal reflux disease and metaplasia, identifying bacterial strain-specific signatures with high relevance to disease progression.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Sohini Samaddar, Daniel Buckles, Souvik Saha, Qiuyang Zhang, Ajay Bansal
Summary: Esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) is a rapidly increasing lethal tumor that commonly develops from Barrett's esophagus (BE). Multiple molecular pathways involved in the progression from metaplasia to invasive carcinoma have been identified, providing opportunities for cancer interception. This article explores the mechanisms of action of various agents and their roles in cancer interception, including proton pump inhibitors, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, metformin, and statins. The recent AspECT trial data and novel concepts such as repurposing chemotherapeutic drugs and preventing BE recurrence are also discussed.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Peter M. M. Stawinski, Karolina N. N. Dziadkowiec, Lily A. A. Kuo, Juan Echavarria, Shreyas Saligram
Summary: Barrett's esophagus (BE) is a premalignant mucosal transformation characterized by the replacement of esophageal squamous epithelium with metaplastic columnar epithelium. It is associated with an increased risk of esophageal adenocarcinoma and is often caused by gastroesophageal reflux disease. Screening for BE is selective based on risk factors and is not recommended for the general population. Diagnosis involves endoscopic recognition, targeted biopsies, and histologic confirmation of columnar metaplasia. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the epidemiology, pathogenesis, screening, and advanced techniques for detecting and eradicating Barrett's esophagus.