Article
Biology
Michael S. Lauer, Jamie Doyle, Joy Wang, Deepshikha Roychowdhury
Summary: The study found that applications submitted by AAB PIs skewed towards topics with lower funding rates which were primarily due to their assignment to ICs with lower award rates, not peer-reviewer preferences.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
William T. Cefalu, Dana K. Andersen, Guillermo Arreaza-Rubin, Christopher L. Pin, Sheryl Sato, C. Bruce Verchere, Minna Woo, Norman D. Rosenblum
Summary: This article summarizes the proceedings of an international symposium held by Canadian and American health research institutions, discussing new directions in diabetes research and treatment, as well as the heterogeneity of diabetes and the prospects for precision medicine.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
William T. Cefalu, Dana K. Andersen, Guillermo Arreaza-Rubin, Christopher L. Pin, Sheryl Sato, C. Bruce Verchere, Minna Woo, Norman D. Rosenblum
Summary: This article summarizes the rapid innovation and advancement in diabetes research and clinical care in recent years, reflecting on the significant impact of the discovery of insulin on diabetes. It also provides an overview of the agenda and outcomes of a joint symposium, covering various areas of research such as islet biology, the heterogeneity of diabetic phenotypes, and precision medicine in diabetes.
Article
Biology
Michael A. Taffe, Nicholas W. Gilpin
Summary: Biomedical science and federal funding for scientific research are affected by systemic racism in American society. Studies have shown that grant applications submitted by African-American or Black Principal Investigators are less likely to be funded by the National Institutes of Health in the US compared to applications from white PIs. Despite efforts to address this issue, disparities in grant funding based on race persist.
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Reena Mehra, Olga A. Tjurmina, Olujimi A. Ajijola, Rishi Arora, Donald C. Bolser, Mark W. Chapleau, Peng-Sheng Chen, Colleen E. Clancy, Brian P. Delisle, Michael R. Gold, Jeffrey J. Goldberger, David S. Goldstein, Beth A. Habecker, M. Louis Handoko, Robert Harvey, James P. Hummel, Thomas Hund, Christian Meyer, Susan Redline, Crystal M. Ripplinger, Marc A. Simon, Virend K. Somers, Stavros Stavrakis, Thomas Taylor-Clark, Bradley Joel Undem, Richard L. Verrier, Irving H. Zucker, George Sopko, Kalyanam Shivkumar
Summary: This virtual workshop aimed to bring together experts in neuroscience and cardiopulmonary disorders to identify knowledge gaps, guide future research efforts, and foster collaborations in the field of autonomic neural mechanisms of cardiopulmonary regulation. The workshop discussed the roles of the autonomic nervous system in regulating cardiopulmonary function and its implications in arrhythmias, heart failure, sleep and circadian dysfunction, and breathing disorders. Opportunities for nonpharmacologic neuromodulation and device-based therapies were explored. The workshop also focused on developing predictive markers of autonomic dysfunction and targeting neural pathophysiological mechanisms for new therapies.
JACC-BASIC TO TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Sam Turner, Arghavan Alisoltani, Debbie Bratt, Liel Cohen-Lavi, Bethany L. Dearlove, Christian Drosten, Will M. Fischer, Ron A. M. Fouchier, Ana Silvia Gonzalez-Reiche, Lukasz Jaroszewski, Zain Khalil, Eric LeGresley, Marc Johnson, Terry C. Jones, Barbara Muehlemann, David O'Connor, Mayya Sedova, Maulik Shukla, James Theiler, Zachary S. Wallace, Hyejin Yoon, Yun Zhang, Harm van Bakel, Marciela M. Degrace, Elodie Ghedin, Adam Godzik, Tomer Hertz, Bette Korber, Jacob Lemieux, Anna M. Niewiadomska, Diane J. Post, Morgane Rolland, Richard Scheuermann, Derek J. Smith
Summary: Since late 2020, SARS-CoV-2 variants with competitive and phenotypic differences have been regularly emerging, sometimes having the potential to escape immunity. The Early Detection group of the US National Institutes of Health uses bioinformatics to monitor and prioritize the most relevant variants for experimental characterization. Their success includes identifying major variants and providing updated information for phenotypic investigations.
EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2023)
Review
Clinical Neurology
Wenle Zhao, Sharon D. Yeatts, Joseph P. Broderick, Magdy H. Selim, Opeolu M. Adeoye, Valerie L. Durkalski-Mauldin, Caitlyn N. Meinzer, Renee H. Martin, Catherine R. Dillon, Christy N. Cassarly, Keith H. Pauls, Jordan J. Elm
Summary: From 2016 to 2021, the National Institutes of Health Stroke Trials Network funded by National Institutes of Health/National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke conducted ten multicenter randomized controlled clinical trials. This article reviews the randomization designs for three ongoing trials: SATURN, MOST, and FASTEST. The advantages and limitations of the randomization methods used in these trials are compared with traditional designs.
Article
Business
Farhat Chowdhury, Albert N. Link, Anne Beeson Royalty
Summary: Through an empirical examination of 2059 NIH-funded Phase I research projects, it is found that women entrepreneurs are less likely to receive follow-on Phase II research funding compared to male entrepreneurs. It is recommended that women-owned firms collaborate with universities to increase the diversity of their research base and improve their chances of obtaining follow-on funding.
SMALL BUSINESS ECONOMICS
(2023)
Article
Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
Tushar Garg, Clifford R. Weiss, Terence P. F. Gade, Emily Glasgow, Victoria Palacios, Pooja Doshi, Rahmi Oklu, Rahul A. Sheth
Summary: The Society of Interventional Radiology Foundation (SIRF) awards grants to support interventional radiology (IR) investigators and promote scientific knowledge in IR. Over the past 19 years, SIRF has granted 227 research projects with a total amount of over $4.7 million. To enhance collaboration between interventional radiologists and NIH scientists, SIRF established a SIRF/NIH taskforce in 2020. The taskforce has been evaluating the effectiveness of SIRF grants in terms of obtaining NIH funding, and the results show a return of 8 NIH dollars for every 1 SIRF dollar invested.
JOURNAL OF VASCULAR AND INTERVENTIONAL RADIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Lizhen Duan, Wenli Shan, Genji Bo, Guangming Lu, Lili Guo
Summary: The study findings demonstrate that Lung-RADS classification, CT sign scores, and their combination have different sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy in diagnosing solitary pulmonary nodules (SPNs), with the combination showing the best performance.
Article
Obstetrics & Gynecology
Erin E. McCoy, Ronit Katz, Diana K. N. Louden, Emiko Oshima, Amy Murtha, Cynthia Gyamfi-Bannerman, Nanette Santoro, Elizabeth A. Howell, Lisa Halvorson, Susan D. Reed, Barbara A. Goff
Summary: This study evaluated the scholarly productivity of individuals supported by the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Women's Reproductive Health Research K12 career development award. The findings suggest that this award is advantageous for the career development of obstetrician-gynecologists, particularly female surgeons, and may help address gender disparities in National Institutes of Health funding.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Arthur A. Mirin
Summary: The study reveals a gender disparity in research funding allocation, with diseases primarily affecting one gender being favored in funding patterns towards males. The gap between actual funding and burden-commensurate funding is nearly twice as large for diseases favoring males than those favoring females. NIH applies resources disproportionately to diseases primarily affecting men, at the expense of those primarily affecting women.
JOURNAL OF WOMENS HEALTH
(2021)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Daniela Cihakova, Yang Shi, Bishow Adhikari, W. Patricia Bandettini, Madeleine W. Cunningham, Narasimhan Danthi, Matthias G. Friedrich, Peter Liu, Lisa Schwartz Longacre, Douglas L. Mann, Filip K. Swirski, W. H. Wilson Tang, Guofei Zhou, Leslie T. Cooper
Summary: The National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) organized a workshop in May 2021 to discuss new research opportunities in the field of myocarditis. International experts reviewed the current scientific knowledge and identified gaps and opportunities in basic research, diagnostics, translational research, and therapeutic approaches for future studies on myocarditis. The workshop focused not only on community-acquired myocarditis but also on emerging causes such as immune checkpoint inhibitors and SARS-CoV-2-related myocardial injuries. The potential use of systems biology and artificial intelligence methods to discover new disease mechanisms and therapeutic targets was also considered. Another important aspect discussed was the investigation of the relationship between social determinants of health (SDoH), including race and economic status, and inflammatory response and outcomes in myocarditis. The result of the workshop was a proposal for the reclassification of myocarditis based on the latest knowledge of immunological pathogenesis to improve prognosis estimation and target-specific treatments.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Matthew J. Landry, Lyndsey D. Ruiz, Kimberlea Gibbs, Marcela D. Radtke, Jennifer Lerman, Ashley J. Vargas
Summary: This study examines the research needs and gaps in early-life nutrition identified by the Dietary Guidelines Advisory Committee, and the funding and focus of research projects conducted by the National Institutes of Health (NIH) between 2018 and 2020. The results indicate a need for more strategic investment in maternal and child nutrition research to support the development of evidence-based dietary guidelines for early-life nutrition.
ADVANCES IN NUTRITION
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Anisa Rowhani-Farid, Mikas Grewal, Steven Solar, Allen O. Eghrari, Audrey D. Zhang, Cary P. Gross, Harlan M. Krumholz, Joseph S. Ross
Summary: The impact and effectiveness of clinical trial data sharing initiatives may vary depending on the data sharing model. By comparing the centralized model used by NHLBI and the decentralized model used by NCI, we found that more NHLBI-funded trials shared data and had more shared data publications. This suggests that the centralized data sharing model is more effective in promoting data sharing.