Article
Management
Thijs Bol, Mathijs de Vaan, Arnout van de Rijt
Summary: Previous studies have shown no systematic differences in funding rates between female and male scientists in international grant competitions. However, a new study reveals that men receive higher evaluation scores, but that this gender difference is neutralized by panels giving lower scores to women to achieve gender equality in funding distribution, reallocating funds back to women.
Article
Surgery
Mytien Nguyen, Luis Gonzalez, Ashley Newman, Ashley Cannon, Shenika A. Zarebski, Sarwat I. Chaudhry, Bohdan Pomahac, Dowin Boatright, Alan Dardik
Summary: Research indicates that surgeon-scientists are underrepresented in NIH funding, emphasizing the need for more support and funding.
Article
Biology
Christine Yifeng Chen, Sara S. Kahanamoku, Aradhna Tripati, Rosanna A. Alegado, Vernon R. Morris, Karen Andrade, Justin Hosbey
Summary: Concerns about systemic racism in academic and research institutions have grown in the past decade. Analyzing data from the National Science Foundation (NSF), a major research funder in the United States, reveals significant racial disparities, with white principal investigators (PIs) consistently receiving higher funding rates than most non-white PIs. These disparities exist across all NSF disciplinary directorates and are more pronounced for research proposals. Similar patterns have been observed in other funding bodies, pointing to widespread racial disparities.
Article
Oncology
Raheel Sufian Siddiqui, Sibgha Gull Chaudhary, Moazzam Shahzad, Iqra Anwar, Ali Hussain, Nausheen Ahmed, Sunil Hari Abhyankar, Leyla Shune, Peiman Hematti, Heather Male, Faisal Khosa, Tara Lin, Joseph Patrick McGuirk, Natalie Scott Callander, Muhammad Umair Mushtaq
Summary: This study investigated gender inequality in NIH funding for hematologic malignancies and cellular therapies. The findings revealed significant differences in funding amounts and academic achievements between male and female principal investigators (PIs).
LEUKEMIA & LYMPHOMA
(2022)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Stephanie M. Quintero, Paula D. Strassle, Amalia Londono Tobon, Stephanie Ponce, Alia Alhomsi, Ana I. Maldonado, Jamie S. Ko, Miciah J. Wilkerson, Anna Maria Napoles
Summary: This study assessed the race/ethnicity-specific associations between breastfeeding information sources and breastfeeding rates. The findings show that the effects of information from family/friends and breastfeeding support groups on breastfeeding rates vary across different racial/ethnic groups. Culturally tailored breastfeeding information and support from family/friends and support groups could help reduce breastfeeding disparities. Addressing concerns about return to work/school is also necessary to tackle disparities.
Article
Oncology
Elizabeth Gaudio, Nariman Ammar, Fatma Gunturkun, Cem Akkus, Whitney Brake, Daniel Wakefield, Maria Pisu, Robert Davis, Arash Shaban-Nejad, David L. Schwartz
Summary: The purpose of this study was to describe radiation treatment interruption rates and their potential association with sociodemographic variables in an urban population before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Electronic health records were reviewed retrospectively, and it was found that radiation treatment interruption rates remained stable or showed a downward trend during the pandemic. Geospatial mapping revealed a shift in the risk of interruption towards marginalized communities, indicating the need for targeted improvement strategies in radiation therapy access during public health emergencies.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RADIATION ONCOLOGY BIOLOGY PHYSICS
(2023)
Article
Surgery
Jorge G. Zarate Rodriguez, Heidy Cos, Gregory A. Williams, Cheryl A. Woolsey, Ryan C. Fields, Steven M. Strasberg, Majella B. Doyle, Adeel S. Khan, William C. Chapman, Chet W. Hammill, William G. Hawkins, Dominic E. Sanford
Summary: This study found that non-white patients undergoing pancreaticoduodenectomy are more likely to experience readmission, particularly for non-severe complications. Therefore, follow-up protocols should be tailored to address race disparities in readmission rates.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SURGERY
(2021)
Article
Nursing
Laura Manns-James, Shaughanassee Vines, Jill Alliman, Lauren Hoehn-Velasco, Susan Stapleton, Jennifer Wright, Diana Jolles
Summary: This study reveals that racial and ethnic disparities in cesarean rates persist in midwife-led birth center care, even for individuals with the lowest medical risk.
BIRTH-ISSUES IN PERINATAL CARE
(2023)
Article
Surgery
Elnaz Payani, Nikolaus Boerner, Dionysios Kolliogiannis, Stefan Brunner, Ingo Klein, Ursula Ehmer, Gerald Denk, Christian M. Lange, Klaudja Ograja, Peter Dietrich, Jens Werner, Markus Guba
Summary: The study aimed to investigate the disparities in access to liver transplantation in Bavaria, Germany. The annual transplantation rate per 1 million inhabitants was determined based on the aggregated postal codes of transplanted patients' place of residence. Variables examined included proximity and travel time to the nearest transplant center, as well as the care category of the regional hospital. Multivariate regression analysis revealed that the liver transplant training of the chief physician (gastroenterologist) at the regional hospital was the most significant independent factor for access to liver transplantation within a district.
LANGENBECKS ARCHIVES OF SURGERY
(2023)
Article
Pediatrics
Richard G. McGee, Lara E. Graves, Adrian Barnett
Summary: This study examined the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on the timing of manuscript submissions to The Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health (JPCH), and found that the pandemic had limited impact on submission timing but submission timing influenced the likelihood of a positive editorial decision.
JOURNAL OF PAEDIATRICS AND CHILD HEALTH
(2023)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Michele Woolbert, Christine Spalding, Ninet Sinaii, Brooke K. Decker, Tara N. Palmore, David K. Henderson
Summary: This study analyzed the frequency and rates of community respiratory virus infections in patients at the National Institutes of Health Clinical Center (NIHCC) from January 2015 to March 2021. The results showed a significant decrease in respiratory infections during the COVID-19 pandemic, which was attributed to the implementation of preventive measures in the community and hospital settings.
INFECTION CONTROL AND HOSPITAL EPIDEMIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Yuqi Guo, Andrea R. Kaniuka, Jingjing Gao, Omar T. Sims
Summary: This longitudinal study examined the associations between per capita income, unemployment rates, and COVID-19 vaccination rates at the county level in the United States. The study also explored how the interaction of county-level per capita income, unemployment rates, and racial/ethnic composition affects COVID-19 vaccination rates. The findings showed that higher per capita income and lower unemployment rates were associated with higher COVID-19 vaccination rates. However, these associations varied among different racial/ethnic groups.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH
(2022)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Dotun Ogunyemi, Rolando Mantilla, Abhinav Markus, Aubrey Reeves, Suyee Win, Devin R. Barrientos, Dandrich Lim, David Lanum, Niren Raval
Summary: The study found that COVID-19 infection rates are associated with poverty, social inequality, minority ethnicities, and specific individual factors such as diabetes, gender, and age.
CUREUS JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Jamie M. Zoellner, Kathleen J. Porter, Esther Thatcher, Dylan Allanson, Michelle Brauns
Summary: This study aimed to improve the colorectal cancer screening rates in a federally qualified health center in rural southwestern Virginia. By implementing an automated electronic medical record reminder system, slightly higher completion rates were achieved compared to live telephone reminders. Staff perceptions also provided insights for future cancer control projects.
HEALTH PROMOTION PRACTICE
(2023)
Review
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Jing Jin, Yufeng Li, Yaju Zhu, Jiajia Ni
Summary: This study aimed to evaluate the associations between different second-line therapies and relapse rates in Chinese children with refractory MCNS. It was found that the TAC group had a higher steroid-free remission rate, but also a higher relapse rate after discontinuation compared to the MMF and CYC groups. In the MMF group, the percentage of CD16 + CD56 + -positive cells may be associated with relapse rates.
CURRENT THERAPEUTIC RESEARCH-CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL
(2022)
Editorial Material
Medicine, General & Internal
Monica R. Shah, Michael S. Lauer
ANNALS OF INTERNAL MEDICINE
(2016)
Editorial Material
Medicine, General & Internal
Philip Greenland, Michael S. Lauer
JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION
(2015)
Editorial Material
Medicine, General & Internal
Michael S. Lauer, Harlan M. Krumholz, Eric J. Topol
Editorial Material
Medicine, General & Internal
Michael S. Lauer
ANNALS OF INTERNAL MEDICINE
(2016)
Editorial Material
Medicine, General & Internal
Kathy L. Hudson, Michael S. Lauer, Francis S. Collins
JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION
(2016)
Editorial Material
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Michael S. Lauer
LANCET DIABETES & ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2016)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Michael S. Lauer, David Gordon, Gina Wei, Gail Pearson
NATURE REVIEWS CARDIOLOGY
(2017)
Editorial Material
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Michael Lauer, Lawrence Tabak, Francis Collins
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2017)
Editorial Material
Medicine, General & Internal
Marie A. Bernard, Janine A. Clayton, Michael S. Lauer
JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION
(2018)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Travis A. Hoppe, Aviva Litovitz, Kristine A. Willis, Rebecca A. Meseroll, Matthew J. Perkins, B. Ian Hutchins, Alison F. Davis, Michael S. Lauer, Hannah A. Valantine, James M. Anderson, George M. Santangelo
Article
Biology
Michael S. Lauer, Deepshikha Roychowdhury
Summary: Previous reports have highlighted the worsening inequalities in NIH funding, with analyses now showing that recent trends have reversed to some extent for both investigators and institutions. The proportion of women funded as principal investigators is increasing, but parity has not yet been achieved. Inequalities in funding have consistently been greater within groups (by career stage, gender, race, and degree) than between groups.
Article
Hematology
Artur Belov, Yin Huang, Carlos H. Villa, Barbee Whitaker, Richard Forshee, Steven A. Anderson, Anne Eder, Nicole Verdun, Michael J. Joyner, Scott R. Wright, Rickey E. Carter, Deborah T. Hung, Mary Homer, Corey Hoffman, Michael Lauer, Peter Marks
Summary: The administration of COVID-19 convalescent plasma (CCP) with high neutralizing antibody titer to non-intubated patients is associated with reduced death rates, while no benefit is observed in intubated patients. Although the clinical efficacy of CCP is modest, it may play a role in the future against viral variants that are not neutralized by other therapeutics.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HEMATOLOGY
(2022)
Editorial Material
Medicine, General & Internal
Michael S. Lauer
Article
Biology
Michael S. Lauer, Joy Wang, Deepshikha Roychowdhury
Summary: We analyzed changes in total costs of National Institutes of Health (NIH) awarded Research Project Grants (RPGs) from 1998 to 2021. There were changes in both nominal and real costs, with real costs showing a decrease and stability after the doubling of NIH budget. These changes in real costs are largely explained by changes in the composition of the NIH-grant portfolio.