Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Mary Weiler, Steven R. Hertzler, Svyatoslav Dvoretskiy
Summary: Since the U.S. Institute of Medicine's recommendations on protein and amino acid intake in 2005, new information supports the need for re-evaluation. New evidence includes re-analysis of nitrogen balance data, studies on indicator amino acid oxidation, positive functional outcomes with higher protein intakes, guidance from nutrition societies, and recognition of insufficient amino acid synthesis. The convergence of empirical, theoretical, and clinical evidence suggests that protein and amino acid recommendations may be too low in certain populations.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Bohyung Choi, Kyung-Hoon Shin
Summary: The study found that mussels have higher trophic positions, requiring normalization of basal nitrogen isotope ratio. Spatial variations in nitrogen isotopic baselines in mussels reflect different nitrogen sources. Delta N-15 (base-bulk) and Delta N-15 (base-phe) are powerful tools for tracing nitrogen isotopic baselines.
MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Pierre Millard, Serguei Sokol, Michael Kohlstedt, Christoph Wittmann, Fabien Letisse, Guy Lippens, Jean-Charles Portais
Summary: Stable-isotope labeling experiments are commonly used to investigate metabolic networks, but there is a lack of framework to deal with partial, heterogeneous isotopic measurements. By integrating measurements obtained by different methods, researchers can improve coverage and analysis of isotopic space.
ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
(2021)
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Joshua L. Hudson, Jamie I. Baum, Eva C. Diaz, Elisabet Borsheim
Summary: Current estimates of protein requirements in children are largely based on the nitrogen balance technique, which may underestimate protein needs. Recent advances in stable isotope techniques suggest protein requirements may be up to 60% higher, especially in children engaging in higher levels of physical activity.
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Yuyan Liu, Huan Wang, Yuanhong Liang, Zijun Guo, Litong Qu, Ying Wang, Chengwen Zhang, Guifan Sun, Yongfang Li
Summary: Previous studies have shown that branched chain and aromatic amino acids are positively associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), but little is known about the associations of other essential and semi-essential amino acids with T2DM. This study aimed to investigate the associations between dietary intakes of 5 amino acids (methionine, threonine, lysine, arginine, and histidine) and T2DM risk in a Chinese population, as well as the mediating effects of obesity on these associations.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Yongbin Li, Zhijia Fang, Xuewei Zhou, Jian Gao, Jingwen Wang, Linru Huang, Yinyan Chen, Lijun Sun, Qi Deng, Ravi Gooneratne
Summary: Cadmium (Cd) pollution in the environment poses a threat to human health as it can easily enter the body through the food chain. Gut microbiota, specifically Escherichia coli, has the potential to reduce Cd-induced intestinal damage and promote Cd excretion. Threonine (Thr) has been found to effectively increase fecal Cd and enhance the abundance of Escherichia-Shigella genus and KF843036_g, leading to reduced Cd accumulation in the liver, kidney, and gut of Cd-exposed mice.
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
L. T. Wu, L. M. Tan, C. Y. You, T. Y. Lan, W. X. Li, Y. T. Xu, Z. X. Ren, Q. Ding, C. Y. Zhou, Z. R. Tang, W. Z. Sun, Z. H. Sun
Summary: In this study, the effects of nicotinamide (NAM) on nitrogen excretion, growth performance, and meat quality of growing-finishing pigs fed low-protein diets were investigated. Results showed that supplementing the diet with 210 or 360 mg/kg NAM reduced nitrogen excretion and increased nitrogen retention and growth performance. Furthermore, feeding a low-protein diet containing 360 mg/kg NAM reduced nitrogen excretion without affecting nitrogen retention and average daily gain.
Review
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Xiao Xiao, Baoguo Zhao
Summary: Chemists are working to develop efficient methods for producing optically active compounds. Biomimetic asymmetric catalysis, which imitates enzymes, is an attractive strategy for producing chiral compounds. Recent research has focused on using chiral pyridoxals/pyridoxamines as catalysts to mimic enzymatic transamination and biological aldol reaction of glycine, and enable asymmetric biomimetic transamination and carbonyl catalysis of primary amines.
ACCOUNTS OF CHEMICAL RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Lingdan Lian, Jinjin Qiao, Xiaoyu Guo, Zhenzhen Xing, Ang Ren, Mingwen Zhao, Jing Zhu
Summary: This study confirms the role of GCN4 in maintaining amino acid contents in mushrooms under low nitrogen concentrations. Silencing of gcn4 leads to a decrease in amino acid contents and inhibits the expression of amino acid biosynthesis and transport genes. Additionally, GCN4 enhances the tricarboxylic acid cycle and glycolytic pathway while inhibiting TORC1 activity, resulting in the maintenance of amino acid homeostasis.
MICROBIAL CELL FACTORIES
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Xinxin Tang, Raj K. Tak, Hidetoshi Noda, Masakatsu Shibasaki
Summary: We report the stereoselective synthesis of remotely decorated, trisubstituted beta-prolines via Rh-catalyzed C-H amination. The method works well in the presence of various functionalities, with carboxylic acids in the products serving as gateways for diverse downstream transformations.
ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION
(2022)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Chisato Yoshikawa, Nanako O. Ogawa, Yoshito Chikaraishi, Akiko Makabe, Yohei Matsui, Yoshikazu Sasai, Masahide Wakita, Makio C. Honda, Yoshihisa Mino, Maki N. Aita, Tetsuichi Fujiki, Takuro Nunoura, Naomi Harada, Naohiko Ohkouchi
Summary: This study reveals the seasonal transition of the dominant nitrogen source for phytoplankton in the high-productivity subarctic ocean. The results show that the nitrogen source switches from nitrate to ammonium in autumn.
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2022)
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Chen Zhao, Guanchu Ma, Lin Zhou, Song Zhang, Le Su, Xin Sun, Orlando Borras-Hidalgo, Kunlun Li, Qiulin Yue, Lin Zhao
Summary: The study investigated the effects of nitrogen on gene expression and amino acid synthesis in Welsh onion. It found different nitrogen concentrations led to differential regulation of genes, impacting amino acid content. The study highlights the importance of efficiently utilizing nitrogen in enhancing Welsh onion production.
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Mei-Lan Wen, Pei Wu, Wei-Dan Jiang, Yang Liu, Cai-Mei Wu, Cheng-Bo Zhong, Shu-Wei Li, Ling Tang, Lin Feng, Xiao-Qiu Zhou
Summary: A 9-week feeding experiment was conducted to investigate the improvement effect of threonine (Thr) on the fillet quality of grass carp. The results showed that Thr increased the pH value, changed the amino acids and fatty acid composition of fillets, especially essential amino acid (EAA), C22:6n3 (DHA) and C20:5n3 (EPA). Furthermore, this study revealed for the first time that the improvement of muscle hardness by Thr was associated with collagen biosynthesis, and specific proteins regulated different processes in collagen biosynthesis.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Liuzhu Wang, Shiqing Diao, Yangyang Sun, Shuiqin Jiang, Yan Liu, Hualei Wang, Dongzhi Wei
Summary: A dual cofactor-dependent glutamate dehydrogenase was identified in this study to improve the cofactor utilization efficiency in whole-cell catalysis by changing its substrate specificity. By constructing a three-enzyme co-expression system and using high concentration of starting material, a high yield of product can be obtained efficiently.
CATALYSIS SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Agriculture, Multidisciplinary
Dongxue Xu, Ji Liu, Yuanxue Gu, Yanru Chen, Chunyan Zhao, Guohua Sun, Yichao Ren, Chao Li, Bin Xia
Summary: Juvenile sea cucumbers were fed different microalgae in a 130-day experiment, leading to varying growth rates and amino acid compositions. Analysis of carbon isotopes showed fluctuations in specific amino acids. The study sheds light on the metabolism routing and nutrient utilization in sea cucumbers during their juvenile stage.
JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY
(2021)