Article
Ophthalmology
Elizabeth A. Ainsbury, Stephen G. R. Barnard
Summary: As research progresses, our understanding of the effects of low dose radiation on the lens has improved, including DNA damage and potential risks of cataract. However, further research is needed to study how radiation interacts with other risk factors such as aging, as well as the relative radiosensitivity of the lens compared to tissues of the body.
EXPERIMENTAL EYE RESEARCH
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Beth Wilkinson, Mark A. A. Hill, Jason L. L. Parsons
Summary: Radiotherapy using ionising radiation is a common treatment for many cancers, as it damages the DNA of cancer cells. Complex DNA damage (CDD), which is difficult to repair, is a key contributor to the cell-killing effects of radiotherapy. The level and complexity of CDD increase with higher ionisation density of the radiation. Detecting and measuring IR-induced CDD in cells and tissues poses challenges, and there are uncertainties regarding the specific DNA repair mechanisms involved. However, advancements are being made in these areas to improve understanding of cellular responses to CDD and explore targeted therapies.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Magdalena Kluska, Michal Juszczak, Jerzy Zuchowski, Anna Stochmal, Katarzyna Wozniak
Summary: Kaempferol and its glycoside derivatives can modulate the antitumor activity of etoposide in human promyelocytic leukemia cells. Kaempferol increases cell sensitivity to etoposide and reduces free radical levels, while some derivatives decrease apoptosis and increase free radicals compared to kaempferol.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Oncology
Conor Hanna, Victoria L. Dunne, Steven M. Walker, Karl T. Butterworth, Nuala McCabe, David J. J. Waugh, Richard D. Kennedy, Kevin M. Prise
Summary: Prostate cancer is the most frequently diagnosed cancer in men, with the role of the PTEN gene being complex but important in its treatment. Studies suggest that in the absence of PTEN, combined treatment using radiotherapy and the ATM inhibitor KU-60019 has a greater therapeutic effect.
Review
Oncology
Haoyi Tang, Luwei Cai, Xiangyang He, Zihe Niu, Haitong Huang, Wentao Hu, Huahui Bian, Hao Huang
Summary: For many years, targeted DNA damage caused by radiation has been considered the main cause of various biological effects. However, there is increasing evidence that the linear-non-threshold model is not fully applicable to the biological effects caused by low dose radiation and requires further investigation. Additionally, non-targeted effects, such as bystander effects, genetic instability, etc., are significant effects related to low dose radiation.
FRONTIERS IN ONCOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Fahriye Zemheri-Navruz, Sinan Ince, Damla Arslan-Acaroz, Ulas Acaroz, Hasan Huseyin Demirel, Ezgi Nur Demirkapi
Summary: This study aimed to determine the protective effect of Res against Pyra-induced lipid peroxidation, oxidative stress, and DNA damage in rats. Researchers found that Res administrations in a dose-dependent manner improved Pyra-induced lipid peroxidation, oxidative and DNA damages, gene expressions, and histopathological changes in the liver and kidney.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Elizabeth Fragopoulou, Katerina Gkotsi, Filio Petsini, Katerina Gioti, Amalia D. D. Kalampaliki, George Lambrinidis, Ioannis K. K. Kostakis, Roxane Tenta
Summary: Resveratrol is a natural compound with various health benefits, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-platelet properties. However, its low bioavailability limits its effectiveness. This study synthesized methoxy derivatives of resveratrol and evaluated their effects on platelet function. Some derivatives showed superior anti-platelet activity compared to the original compound, indicating their potential as anti-platelet agents.
Article
Plant Sciences
Injae Song, Hyewon Lim, Simin Chun, Seok Beom Lee, Jungmoo Huh, Dong-Chan Oh, Suckchang Hong
Summary: The first total synthesis of gaylussacin was reported in this study, along with the synthesis of its derivatives. Heck cross-coupling was used as a key step to introduce the stilbene moiety.
JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Dominika Komorowska, Agnieszka Gajewska, Pawel Hikisz, Grzegorz Bartosz, Aleksandra Rodacka
Summary: Resveratrol was found to significantly increase the sensitivity of breast cancer cells to ionizing radiation, leading to apoptosis. The combination of resveratrol and IR had a higher cytotoxic effect on MCF-7 cells compared to using other compounds or radiation alone.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Optics
Maria A. Kolyvanova, Mikhail A. Klimovich, Alexandr Belousov, Vladimir A. Kuzmin, Vladimir N. Morozov
Summary: Utilizing CLCD of DNA, this study demonstrates the use of molecularly organized systems for qualitative assessment of radiation-induced DNA damage and detection of radiation doses, as well as for expanding the dosimetric capabilities of DNA CLCD.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Lucia Martin-Gisbert, Cristina Candal-Pedreira, Marta Garcia-Talavera San Miguel, Monica Perez-Rios, Juan Barros-Dios, Leonor Varela-Lema, Alberto Ruano-Ravina
Summary: The study aimed to describe workplace radon exposure in Spain and its influencing factors. The results showed that approximately one-fifth of workplaces in radon prone areas had radon concentrations above the standard limit of 300 Bq/m3. Radon concentration varied significantly by floor level, working sector, and location. The highest radon concentrations were found in the Education & Culture sector.
ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Qingjun Kong, Qingzhi Zeng, Jia Yu, Hongxi Xiao, Jun Lu, Xueyan Ren
Summary: Resveratrol dimers protect guanine from oxidative damage by oxidizing themselves when attacked by singlet oxygen, thereby preventing DNA damage-mediated diseases.
Article
Plant Sciences
Kai Wang, De-Zhi Hou, Yi-Ming Ouyang, Ping Ling
Summary: This study aimed to evaluate the effects of resveratrol in combination with paclitaxel on apoptosis and its underlying mechanisms in the Caco-2 colon cancer cell line. The results showed that resveratrol significantly enhanced the cytotoxic effects of paclitaxel, increased the expression levels of g-H2AX protein, and promoted apoptosis induction by increasing reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, inducing oxidative DNA damage, and decreasing cellular antioxidant defense. Therefore, the combination of resveratrol and paclitaxel can enhance cellular cytotoxicity and induce potent apoptosis in cancer cell lines.
SOUTH AFRICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY
(2023)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Pavol Kosik, Milan Skorvaga, Igor Belyaev
Summary: Although the causes for the increasing prevalence of leukemia are uncertain, ionizing radiation (IR) has been associated with the development of leukemia through epidemiological studies. IR is known to induce chromosomal translocations, including preleukemic fusion genes (PFGs), which are considered the first step in the development of leukemia. However, it is suggested that secondary mutations and specific cell populations of hematopoetic stem cells with higher leukemogenic potential are also necessary for leukemia to occur. This review focuses on the connection between IR, PFGs, and cancer.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Alla I. I. Potapovich, Tatyana V. V. Kostyuk, Olga V. V. Ishutina, Tatsiana G. G. Shutava, Vladimir A. A. Kostyuk
Summary: Due to poor water solubility of plant polyphenols, their bioavailability is low. To overcome this limitation, polymeric materials can be used to coat drug molecules with multiple layers. Microcrystals of quercetin and resveratrol coated with (PAH/PSS)(4) or (CH/DexS)(4) shell were prepared. UV-C induced damage to human HaCaT keratinocytes was evaluated by treating cells with native and particulate polyphenols. The results showed that both native and particulate polyphenols increased cell viability after UV-C exposure in a dose-dependent manner, with particulate quercetin showing a more pronounced effect. Quercetin coated with (CH/DexS)(4) shell effectively reduced DNA lesions in keratinocyte nuclei, while both native and particulate resveratrol were ineffective against DNA damage. Quercetin enhances cell survival and DNA repair capacity, with the coating of (CH/DexS)(4) shell further enhancing its impact on DNA repair.
NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERGS ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Giovanna De Simone, Andrea Pasquadibisceglie, Fabio Polticelli, Alessandra di Masi, Paolo Ascenzi
Summary: Haptoglobin related protein (Hpr) is a component of the trypanosome lytic factor (TLF) and plays a critical role in the innate immune response against African trypanosomes. Unlike haptoglobin (Hp), Hpr does not bind the CD163 receptor, but retains the N-terminal signal peptide necessary for association with Apolipoprotein L-1 (ApoL-1). The structural analysis shows that Hpr:Hpr dimerization and recognition by hemoglobin and the Trypanosoma brucei brucei Hp receptor (TbHpHbR) are different from those of Hp:Hp, Hp:Hb, and TbHpHbR:Hp:Hb complexes.
JOURNAL OF BIOMOLECULAR STRUCTURE & DYNAMICS
(2022)
Article
Virology
Alessandra Aiello, Flavia Giannessi, Zulema Antonia Percario, Katia Fecchi, Claudia Arenaccio, Stefano Leone, Maria Carollo, Elisabetta D'Aversa, Laurence Chaperot, Roberto Gambari, Massimo Sargiacomo, Elisabetta Affabris
Summary: This study investigated the effects of the Nef protein on intracellular signaling and extracellular vesicle release in uninfected pDCs. The results showed that Nef treatment induced phosphorylation of STAT-1 and STAT-2 and the production of various cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors. Additionally, Nef treatment slightly reduced the production of small vesicles and was associated with small vesicles.
Article
Physics, Applied
Philipp Doering, Matthias Sinnwell, Richard Reiner, Rachid Driad, Patrick Waltereit, Stefano Leone, Stefan Mueller, Michael Mikulla, Oliver Ambacher
Summary: This study experimentally investigates the non-linear output characteristics and turn-on voltages of GaN-based CAVETs. The dominant resistive components in the devices are analyzed systematically by considering the device layout. The comparison between IV and CV characteristics with a proposed PDBD model reveals the influence of bound sheet charge density and drift layer carrier concentration. The results emphasize the importance of precise control over the regrowth interface properties and effective carrier density in the drift layer for efficient and high-power devices based on CAVET technology.
JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS
(2022)
Article
Oncology
Sara Pescatori, Stefano Leone, Manuela Cipolletti, Stefania Bartoloni, Alessandra di Masi, Filippo Acconcia
Summary: CHK1 can be considered as an appealing novel pharmacological target for the treatment of luminal primary and MBCs.
JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH
(2022)
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Sandra Incerpi, Fabio Gionfra, Roberto De Luca, Elena Candelotti, Paolo De Vito, Zulema A. Percario, Stefano Leone, Davide Gnocchi, Miriam Rossi, Francesco Caruso, Sergio Scapin, Paul J. Davis, Hung-Yun Lin, Elisabetta Affabris, Jens Z. Pedersen
Summary: Thyroid hormones have long-term effects on physiological functions and can regulate development, growth, and metabolism. Besides their genomic effects, thyroid hormones also have nongenomic effects by interacting with specific receptors, such as alpha v beta 3 integrin, which are involved in angiogenesis and cell proliferation. These effects are mediated through modulating various signal transduction pathways and regulating transport systems, including Na+/K+-ATPase.
FRONTIERS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Piero Mazzolini, Zsolt Fogarassy, Antonella Parisini, Francesco Mezzadri, David Diercks, Matteo Bosi, Luca Seravalli, Anna Sacchi, Giulia Spaggiari, Danilo Bersani, Oliver Bierwagen, Benjamin Moritz Janzen, Marcella Naomi Marggraf, Markus R. Wagner, Ildiko Cora, Bela Pecz, Abbes Tahraoui, Alessio Bosio, Carmine Borelli, Stefano Leone, Roberto Fornari
Summary: Unintentionally doped kappa-Ga2O3 epitaxial films on sapphire substrates exhibit columnar rotational domains that inhibit in-plane electronic conduction. The introduction of silane doping increases the domain size and mobility, improving in-plane conduction. Non-destructive techniques based on X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy can be used to compare domain dimensions.
ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS
(2023)
Review
Biology
Arianna Casini, Stefano Leone, Rosa Vaccaro, Giorgio Vivacqua, Ludovica Ceci, Luigi Pannarale, Antonio Franchitto, Paolo Onori, Eugenio Gaudio, Romina Mancinelli
Summary: Liver cancer and cholangiocarcinoma pose global health challenges. Alterations in iron metabolism play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of liver cancer, and photodynamic therapy may potentially inhibit cell proliferation by inducing ferroptosis.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Andrea Pasquadibisceglie, Virginia Quadrotta, Fabio Polticelli
Summary: The Carnitine-Acylcarnitine Carrier plays a crucial role in the exchange of acylcarnitine and carnitine in mitochondria. This study analyzes the structural dynamics and early substrate recognition of SLC25A20 using modeling techniques, molecular dynamics, and molecular docking. The results reveal asymmetry in conformational changes and provide insights into the pathogenic mutations and the substrates recognition mechanism.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Emilia Carbone, Valeria Buzzelli, Antonia Manduca, Stefano Leone, Alessandro Rava, Viviana Trezza
Summary: Several studies have shown that maternal immune activation (MIA) during certain gestational periods may increase the risk of offspring developing autism and other neurodevelopmental disorders. In this study, rats were exposed to Lipopolysaccharide to mimic MIA, and the offspring were tested for behavioral deficits and inflammatory markers. The results demonstrate that MIA has a negative impact on neurobehavioral development, leading to deficits in communication, social interaction, cognition, and altered inflammatory response.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Jessica Marinaccio, Emanuela Micheli, Ion Udroiu, Michela Di Nottia, Rosalba Carrozzo, Nicolo Baranzini, Annalisa Grimaldi, Stefano Leone, Sandra Moreno, Maurizio Muzzi, Antonella Sgura
Summary: Our study found that TERT plays a role in antioxidant defense and preserves mitochondrial functionality in human fibroblasts.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Emiliana Farina, Hellen Daghero, Mariela Bollati-Fogolin, Eduardo Boido, Jorge Cantero, Mauricio Moncada-Basualto, Claudio Olea-Azar, Fabio Polticelli, Margot Paulino
Summary: The antioxidant phenolics composition, antioxidant capacity, and anti-inflammatory properties of six Uruguayan red grape pomaces were evaluated. Results showed that Tannat grape pomaces have higher phenolic content and antioxidant capacity compared to Cabernet Franc. These extracts exhibited inhibitory effects on TNF-alpha mediated NF-κB activation and IL-8 production, suggesting potential anti-inflammatory bioactivity.
Article
Cell Biology
Arianna Casini, Giorgio Vivacqua, Rosa Vaccaro, Anastasia Renzi, Stefano Leone, Luigi Pannarale, Antonio Franchitto, Paolo Onori, Romina Mancinelli, Eugenio Gaudio
Summary: The study demonstrated that in BDL rats, the expression of CART and TrkB increased, which correlated positively with the proliferation rate of the biliary tree. In vitro experiments showed that treatment with CART led to increased BDNF secretion in NRC cells.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF HISTOCHEMISTRY
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Matteo Amadei, Antonella Niro, Maria Rosaria Fullone, Rossella Miele, Fabio Polticelli, Giovanni Musci, Maria Carmela Bonaccorsi di Patti
Summary: Ferroportin (Fpn), a member of the major facilitator superfamily (MFS) of transporters, is the only known iron exporter found in mammals and plays a crucial role in regulating cellular and systemic iron levels. In this study, a fluorescent amino acid (DA) was introduced into specific positions of human Fpn to investigate conformational changes during metal translocation. The results indicate metal-induced conformational transitions, providing insights into the alternating access mechanism of Fpn and advancing our understanding of iron transport.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Andrea Pasquadibisceglie, Maria Carmela Bonaccorsi di Patti, Giovanni Musci, Fabio Polticelli
Summary: This passage mainly describes the importance of iron in biology and the regulation of intracellular and extracellular iron levels through transport systems.