Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Violeta I. Gallardo-Montejano, Chaofeng Yang, Lisa Hahner, John L. McAfee, Joshua A. Johnson, William L. Holland, Rodrigo Fernandez-Valdivia, Perry E. Bickel
Summary: Exposure to cold induces significant changes in brown adipose tissue, with a marked increase in PLIN5, which plays a crucial role in maintaining mitochondrial structure and respiratory function. Enhancing PLIN5 function in BAT may lead to healthy remodeling of white adipose tissue and improvements in systemic glucose tolerance and hepatic steatosis, making it a potential therapeutic target for metabolic disorders.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2021)
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Lloyd Noriega, Cheng-Ying Yang, Chih-Hao Wang
Summary: Brown and beige adipocytes have the ability to generate heat and can be activated by various methods. Understanding the molecular mechanisms of their differentiation and function is crucial for developing clinical therapies. Drugs and nutritional interventions can activate these adipocytes while minimizing potential side effects.
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Okamatsu-Ogura Yuko, Masayuki Saito
Summary: The article provides an overview of brown adipose tissue (BAT), including its functions in health and diseases, the development of inducible thermogenic adipocytes (beige adipocytes), the diversity of thermogenic mechanisms, and BAT's influence on peripheral tissues and systemic homeostasis.
DIABETES & METABOLISM JOURNAL
(2021)
Article
Surgery
Tong Liu, Su Fu, Qian Wang, Hao Cheng, Dali Mu, Jie Luan
Summary: The study found that fat transfer can induce the generation of brown adipocytes in patients, especially evident in patients with postgrafting necrosis.
AESTHETIC SURGERY JOURNAL
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Haopeng Xiao, Luiz H. M. Bozi, Yizhi Sun, Christopher L. Riley, Vivek M. Philip, Mandy Chen, Jiaming Li, Tian Zhang, Evanna L. Mills, Margo P. Emont, Wenfei Sun, Anita Reddy, Ryan Garrity, Jiani Long, Tobias Becher, Laura Potano Vitas, Dina Laznik-Bogoslavski, Martha Ordonez, Xinyue Liu, Xiong Chen, Yun Wang, Weihai Liu, Nhien Tran, Yitong Liu, Yang Zhang, Aaron M. Cypess, Andrew P. White, Yuchen He, Rebecca Deng, Heiko Schoder, Joao A. Paulo, Mark P. Jedrychowski, Alexander S. Banks, Yu-Hua Tseng, Paul Cohen, Linus T. Tsai, Evan D. Rosen, Samuel Klein, Maria Chondronikola, Fiona E. McAllister, Nick Van Bruggen, Edward L. Huttlin, Bruce M. Spiegelman, Gary A. Churchill, Steven P. Gygi, Edward T. Chouchani
Summary: By studying a genetically diverse cohort of mice, researchers have identified the functional architecture of brown adipose tissue (BAT) proteome and discovered key regulators of BAT. They also found proteins that are associated with protection from or sensitivity to metabolic diseases. These findings provide important insights into the conserved mechanisms of BAT regulation over metabolic physiology.
Review
Physiology
Ruping Pan, Yong Chen
Summary: Exercise plays a critical role in regulating oxidative metabolism, influencing ROS levels and mitigating oxidative stress. Proper exercise can help reduce ROS levels, especially in pathological conditions. Beige and brown adipose tissues are key players in this process, contributing to metabolic balance and protection against oxidative stress.
FRONTIERS IN PHYSIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Laura M. Laiglesia, Xavier Escote, Neira Sainz, Elisa Felix-Soriano, Eva Santamaria, Maria Collantes, Marta Fernandez-Galilea, Ignacio Colon-Mesa, Leyre Martinez-Fernandez, Tania Quesada-Lopez, Sergio Quesada-Vazquez, Carlos Rodriguez-Ortigosa, Jose M. Arbones-Mainar, Angela M. Valverde, J. Alfredo Martinez, Jesmond Dalli, Laura Herrero, Silvia Lorente-Cebrian, Francesc Villarroya, Maria J. Moreno-Aliaga
Summary: In this study, MaR1 is identified as a novel drug that promotes BAT activation and WAT browning by regulating thermogenic program in adipocytes and M2 polarization of macrophages.
MOLECULAR METABOLISM
(2022)
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Ruping Pan, Yong Chen
Summary: Obesity is characterized by the overaccumulation of white adipose tissue in the body, leading to various metabolic disorders. Targeting human thermogenic adipose tissues shows promise in combating obesity.
FRONTIERS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Anna Whitehead, Fynn N. Krause, Amy Moran, Amanda D. V. MacCannell, Jason L. Scragg, Ben D. McNally, Edward Boateng, Steven A. Murfitt, Samuel Virtue, John Wright, Jack Garnham, Graeme R. Davies, James Dodgson, Jurgen E. Schneider, Andrew J. Murray, Christopher Church, Antonio Vidal-Puig, Klaus K. Witte, Julian L. Griffin, Lee D. Roberts
Summary: The study identifies a group of metabolites synthesized in brown adipose tissue that can influence the metabolism of fat tissue and skeletal muscle, with anti-obesity effects in mouse models of obesity and diabetes. Brown and beige adipose tissue appear to have a significant impact on systemic metabolism through secreted signals.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2021)
Article
Food Science & Technology
Ya Pei, John S. Parks, Hye Won Kang
Summary: Quercetin improves obesity-induced inflammation in BAT by suppressing the NF kappa B pathway through activation of SIRT1.
JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL FOODS
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Chad C. Doucette, Davide Barteselli, Daniel C. Nguyen, Sophia Blanchard, Mason Pelletier, Devesh Kesharwani, Ed Jachimowicz, Su Su, Michele Karolak, Aaron C. Brown
Summary: In this study, an optogenetic approach was used to activate UCP1-dependent thermogenesis in brown adipocytes. This system allows for precise, chemical free, temporal control of UCP1-dependent thermogenesis, which can contribute to our understanding of brown adipocyte biology and the development of therapies for obesity-related disorders.
Editorial Material
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Imke L. Lemmer, Alexander Bartelt
Summary: An elegant quantitative analysis of brown fat and skeletal muscle metabolite flux reveals that brown fat predominantly uses glucose and lactate and acts as a nitrogen scavenger during thermogenesis.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Jian Yu, Yepeng Hu, Maozheng Sheng, Mingyuan Gao, Wenxiu Guo, Zhe Zhang, Dongmei Wang, Xia Wu, Jin Li, Yantao Chen, Wenjun Zhao, Caizhi Liu, Xiangdi Cui, Xin Chen, Cheng Zhao, Huang Chen, Junjie Xiao, Shijie Chen, Cheng Luo, Lingyan Xu, Xuejiang Gu, Xinran Ma
Summary: This study demonstrates that diosmin, a natural compound widely used in clinical practices, is a selective modulator of PPAR gamma with weak transcriptional activity. Local administration of diosmin in subcutaneous fat improves insulin sensitivity and attenuates obesity by enhancing browning of white fat and energy expenditure. Moreover, diosmin ameliorates inflammation and reduces hepatic steatosis without apparent side effects. This suggests that diosmin could be a potential therapeutic agent for metabolic diseases.
JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY
(2023)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Jian Yu, Xin Chen, Yuanjin Zhang, Xiangdi Cui, Zhe Zhang, Wenxiu Guo, Dongmei Wang, Shengbo Huang, Yanru Chen, Yepeng Hu, Cheng Zhao, Jin Qiu, Yu Li, Meiyao Meng, Mingwei Guo, Fei Shen, Mengdi Zhang, Ben Zhou, Xuejiang Gu, Jiqiu Wang, Xin Wang, Xinran Ma, Lingyan Xu
Summary: This study demonstrates that azithromycin, a type of macrolide antibiotics, inhibits the functionality of brown and beige adipocytes. Azithromycin accumulates in adipose tissue of obese patients and is associated with BMI and body weight. The antibiotic impairs mitochondrial function in brown and beige adipocytes through inhibiting mitochondrial respiratory complex I and increasing ROS levels.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Prasanna K. R. Allu, Esther Paulo, Ambre M. Bertholet, Gavin Situ, Seung-Hwan Lee, Yixuan Wu, Catherine E. Gleason, Bidisha Saha, Ajay Chawla, Biao Wang, David Pearce
Summary: This passage discusses the importance of nonshivering thermogenesis in mammals and its mechanism. The core mechanism involves skin thermoreceptors sensing temperature, nerve signals transmitted to the hypothalamus to generate signals that activate brown adipocytes. In response to mild cold, beta-adrenergic signals not only stimulate fatty acid oxidation but also promote lipogenesis through the mTORC2-Akt signaling module.
JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY
(2021)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Stephen A. McClave, Endashaw Omer
Summary: Studies have shown that in critical illness, using a simple weight-based predictive equation can provide a clinically useful approximation of energy expenditure without the need for precise measurement by IC. Providing some percentage of energy requirements achieves similar clinical benefit to full feeding in the early phases of critical illness.
NUTRITION IN CLINICAL PRACTICE
(2021)
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Stephen A. McClave
Summary: The insult leading to ICU admission triggers a pathway involving oxidative stress, immune dysregulation, and adverse outcomes. The gut, as the largest immune organ, plays a crucial role in mediating immune signaling, impacting disease progression and recovery. Various strategies in nutrition therapy can modulate this cross-talk signaling, potentially altering the course of the patient's health.
JOURNAL OF PARENTERAL AND ENTERAL NUTRITION
(2021)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Sally Suliman, Stephen A. McClave, Beth E. Taylor, Jayshil Patel, Endashaw Omer, Robert G. Martindale
Summary: The survey results indicate that current strategies for nutrition therapy using intragastric infusion of EN are inadequate in meeting the energy/protein needs of critically ill patients with COVID-19. Protocols are needed for optimal delivery of intragastric EN, consideration of early postpyloric infusion, and addressing supplemental PN in deteriorating nutrition status.
JOURNAL OF PARENTERAL AND ENTERAL NUTRITION
(2022)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Manpreet S. Mundi, Jeffrey Mechanick, Jayshil J. Patel, Alessandro Laviano, Robert G. Martindale, Teresa A. Zimmers
Summary: This paper discusses the advances in cancer treatment, the importance of nutrition interventions for cancer patients, and strategies for optimizing nutrition during the perioperative period.
JOURNAL OF PARENTERAL AND ENTERAL NUTRITION
(2021)
Letter
Nutrition & Dietetics
Robert G. Martindale, Stanislaw Klek, Zudin Puthucheary, Martin D. Rosenthal, Christian Stoppe, Arthur R. H. van Zanten, Dan L. Waitzberg, Paul E. Wischmeyer
JOURNAL OF PARENTERAL AND ENTERAL NUTRITION
(2022)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Chet Morrison, Carla M. Prado, Paul Wischmeyer, Robert G. Martindale, Jose Pimiento, Jennifer Katz, Jeffrey Mechanick, Jayshil J. Patel
Summary: Patients requiring complex or extensive surgery often face perioperative and postoperative nutrition risk. Providing adequate nutrition to these patients remains a clinical challenge. The American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition 2022 Preconference discussed novel strategies for assessing nutrition risk, enhancing recovery after surgery, and managing nutrition before and after surgery in complex surgical patients.
JOURNAL OF PARENTERAL AND ENTERAL NUTRITION
(2023)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Stephen A. McClave
Summary: To expand the clinical practice of nutrition, the American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition (ASPEN) needs to increase its influence, engage clinicians, and meet the specific needs of different patient populations. Individual members should mentor and share their expertise with young professionals, while efforts should be made to promote advanced practice and ensure high-quality nutrition research. Effective communication and collaboration with physicians, as well as defining clinical practice through societal guidelines, are vital. Cooperation with other societies is also important for enhancing relevance and impact.
NUTRITION IN CLINICAL PRACTICE
(2022)
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Robert G. Martindale
Summary: Surgery and trauma trigger metabolic changes, and strategies have been developed to optimize outcomes. This review focuses on three specific nutrition or metabolic interventions in oncologic, orthopedic, and cardiac surgery: fish oils, dysbiosis prevention, and resistance exercise for protein update. These interventions align with the basic principles of postoperative nutrition: early enteral feeding, maintaining the gastrointestinal mucosal barrier, immune/metabolic modulation, and support for the microbiome.
JOURNAL OF PARENTERAL AND ENTERAL NUTRITION
(2023)
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Sandra Kavalukas, Stephen A. A. McClave
Summary: This review examines a previously published meta-analysis and finds that immunonutrition provides benefits for cancer patients undergoing major surgery, including reduced infections, anastomotic leakage, hospital stay, and complications. Studies from Europe showed better outcomes compared to those from Asia and the United States.
NUTRITION IN CLINICAL PRACTICE
(2023)
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Nicholas T. Duletzke, Laszlo N. Kiraly, Robert G. Martindale
Summary: Chyle leaks of any source or type can lead to significant morbidity and mortality. However, by understanding the anatomy and physiology of the leak and implementing stepwise dietary and pharmacologic management, surgical intervention can be avoided in most patients. This article reviews the importance, etiology, anatomy, diagnosis, nutrition and immunologic effects, and treatment options for chylothorax and chylous ascites, proposing a multidisciplinary approach involving surgical teams, pharmacists, and dietitians to minimize morbidity of this challenging complication with surgery as a last resort.
NUTRITION IN CLINICAL PRACTICE
(2023)
Review
Critical Care Medicine
Paul E. Wischmeyer, Danielle E. Bear, Mette M. Berger, Elisabeth De Waele, Jan Gunst, Stephen A. Mcclave, Carla M. Prado, Zudin Puthucheary, Emma J. Ridley, Greet Van den Berghe, Arthur R. H. van Zanten
Summary: Personalization of ICU nutrition is important for the future of critical care. Guidelines recommend low-dose enteral or parenteral nutrition within 48 hours of admission, with consideration for alternative routes when necessary. Indirect calorimetry should be used to measure energy expenditure, and protein delivery should be adjusted based on patient stability. Micronutrient evaluation and muscle monitoring are also important considerations in post-ICU nutrition. Further research is needed on specialized anabolic nutrients and rehabilitation interventions for post-ICU recovery.
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Stephen A. McClave, Endashaw Omer, Mohamed Eisa, Abby Klosterbauer, Cynthia C. Lowen, Robert G. Martindale
Summary: The early provision of soluble/insoluble fiber to critically ill patients has been controversial. However, recent scientific research has shown that providing fiber can have many benefits, including supporting gut barrier function, modulating immune responses, promoting the regeneration of commensal organisms, and improving intestinal motility. Therefore, the early provision of dietary fiber is more beneficial than risky for ICU patients.
NUTRITION IN CLINICAL PRACTICE
(2023)