Review
Chemistry, Medicinal
Hui-fei Su, Sharpkate Shaker, Yi Kuang, Meng Zhang, Min Ye, Xue Qiao
Summary: Huang-Qi, an herbal tonic derived from the roots of Astragalus membranaceus and A. membranaceus var. mongholicus, is widely used in China and other countries for cardiovascular protection. This review comprehensively discusses the chemical differences between the two species, pharmacological activities, and mechanisms of action of Huang-Qi and its bioactive compounds in treating cardiovascular diseases, citing 171 references from February 1983 to March 2020.
MEDICINAL RESEARCH REVIEWS
(2021)
Article
Food Science & Technology
Henock Woldemichael Woldemariam, Martina Kiessling, Shimelis Admassu Emire, Paulos Getachew Teshome, Stefan Toepfl, Kemal Aganovic
Summary: This study demonstrates that electron beam treatment can effectively decontaminate microbiota and mycotoxins in red pepper powder, especially at doses between 6 to 10 kGy, without detrimental effects on its physicochemical qualities. The treatment showed significant reduction in yeasts, molds, and total plate counts, while retaining over 85% of total phenols, carotenoids and antioxidants activity, and showing only slight differences in total color difference.
INNOVATIVE FOOD SCIENCE & EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES
(2021)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Xinyue Yu, Jingxue Nai, Huimin Guo, Xuping Yang, Xiaoying Deng, Xia Yuan, Yunfei Hua, Yuan Tian, Fengguo Xu, Zunjian Zhang, Yin Huang
Summary: This study identified five differential compounds through mass spectrometry-based metabolomics to distinguish premium graded and ungraded Astragali radix samples. A machine learning model was constructed and externally validated, showing strong capability in grading Astragali radix with over 90% accuracy. These findings provide potential markers for innovation in Astragali radix grading.
JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL ANALYSIS
(2021)
Article
Plant Sciences
Pin Gong, Danni Wang, Dandan Cui, Qian Yang, Peipei Wang, Wenjuan Yang, Fuxin Chen
Summary: Radix Astragali (RA) and Radix Astragali preparata (RAP) have significant anti-aging effects, with RAP showing a more pronounced effect. Their mechanisms of action are mainly related to the balance of oxidative stress and activation of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway.
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Zhenjie Tang, Gangliang Huang
Summary: This article summarizes the extraction, separation, purification, structure, activity, and modification of Radix astragali polysaccharide (RAP). Enzyme-assisted extraction has been found to have a significantly higher yield than other extraction methods, but the extraction effects and activity efficiency of RAP vary under different conditions. The purification and separation of RAP are crucial factors affecting its yield and activity. Current research on the derivatization of RAP is limited but important. Additionally, further studies on the structure-activity relationship of RAP are needed. Overall, this review provides useful insights for future research on the various important applications of RAP.
BIOMEDICINE & PHARMACOTHERAPY
(2022)
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Urszula Gryczka, Joana Madureira, Sandra Cabo Verde, Wojciech Migdal, Sylwester Bulka
Summary: This study irradiated black and white pepper samples with electron beams of different energies to determine the depth inhabited by microorganisms. The results showed that the 300 keV electron beam had a similar microbial inactivation effect as the high energy electron beam (9 MeV).
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Ying Li, Daoping Wang, Rongjuan Guo, Bo Ma, Lan Miao, Mingqian Sun, Lijuan He, Li Lin, Yinghong Pan, Junguo Ren, Jianxun Liu
Summary: This study found that Astragali Radix (AR) has a neuroprotective effect on patients with cerebral infarction (CI). It significantly improves the symptoms of CI patients and may act on IL-6, TNF-a, VCAM-1, MCP-1, and ICAM-1 to play anti-atherosclerosis and neuroprotective roles.
FRONTIERS IN PHARMACOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Gang Wang, Dan Wang, Xingyue Mei, Min Huang, Li Zhang, Xuemei Li
Summary: This study investigated the effects of electron beam irradiation (EBI) on microbial content, color, active ingredients, and spectrogram similarity of Shengmai Yin (SMY). The results showed that SMY was decontaminated at a dose of 7 kGy irradiation, but its color and active ingredients were altered. The similarity of the chromatogram significantly changed at a dose of ≥ 5 kGy. Fourier transforms infrared spectra demonstrated the impact of EBI on the molecular structure. The study concluded that a dose of 7 kGy irradiation can control microbial limits for SMY but has an impact on its quality.
JOURNAL OF RADIOANALYTICAL AND NUCLEAR CHEMISTRY
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Guoxu Ma, Zuliang Luo, Meihua Yang, Haifeng Wu, Junshan Yang, Xiaoyan Xing, Xiaobo Sun, Xudong Xu
Summary: Astragali Radix, a widely used herb in Traditional Chinese medicine, has been found to contain sulfur derivatives, with the activity of astragaloside decreasing after conversion into sulfate. A rapid assay method for determining astragaloside sulfate content was established, allowing for quality evaluation of sulfur-fumigated and non-fumigated Astragali Radix.
Article
Food Science & Technology
Qi Wei, Jun Mei, Jing Xie
Summary: This paper introduces the application of electron beam irradiation (EBI) in seafood processing and storage, including its sterilization mechanism and factors affecting sterilization effect. In addition, the paper proposes the use of EBI combined with antioxidants to overcome its limitations.
LWT-FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Plant Sciences
Meng-Qi Zhang, Ke-Xin Sun, Xu Guo, Ying-Ying Chen, Cai-Yun Feng, Jia-Shu Chen, Joao C. M. Barreira, Miguel A. Prieto, Jin-Yue Sun, Jian-Dong Zhang, Ning-Yang Li, Chao Liu
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the uric acid-lowering activity and mechanism of Astragali Radix (AR) and its representative compounds. The results showed that AR could reduce serum uric acid levels and alleviate acute hyperuricemia by regulating uric acid transporters and promoting uric acid excretion. This study provides experimental and clinical basis for the treatment of hyperuricemia with AR.
JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Mei-Yin Chien, Chih-Min Yang, Chao-Hsiang Chen
Summary: The purpose of this study was to explore how physical properties and processing methods affect the content of active ingredients in Astragali radix. The results showed that diameter size, composition of bark- and wood-tissue, and processing methods all had an impact on the content of active ingredients in Astragali radix.
Article
Food Science & Technology
Myeong-In Jeong, Eun Ji Lee, Shin Young Park, Mi Rae Kim, Sa Reum Park, Yoah Moon, Changsun Choi, Ji-Hyoung Ha, Sang-Do Ha
Summary: This study investigated the inhibitory effects of electron beam irradiation on human norovirus in cabbage kimchi, finding that 6.96 kGy of electron beam could remove over 90% of the virus without affecting the quality of the kimchi. Physicochemical and sensorial analyses showed minimal changes in color and taste of the irradiated cabbage kimchi.
JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Hye-Rim Park, Joo Wan Kim, Jung-Ok Lee, Jong-Deuk Ahn, Min-Cheol Yang, Khawaja Muhammad Imran Bashir, Jae-Suk Choi, Sae-Kwang Ku
Summary: This study investigated the anti-mutagenic and immunomodulatory effects of Astragali Radix extract (AR) using a cyclophosphamide-induced immunosuppressed mouse model. The results showed that AR has significant anti-immunosuppressive and anti-mutagenic activities, making it a potential alternative immunomodulatory agent.
APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL
(2023)
Article
Plant Sciences
Yanghao Li, Xu Yang, Tiantian Bao, Xiaojuan Sun, Xiang Li, Huilin Zhu, Bo Zhang, Tonghui Ma
Summary: Astragali Radix and its main active constituents upregulate the expression of AQP9 in hepatocytes to increase gluconeogenesis and reduce oxidative stress, promoting liver regeneration.