Article
Chemistry, Medicinal
Cayque Monteiro Castro Nascimento, Andre Silva Pimentel
Summary: Large language models (LLMs) with ChatGPT have the potential to revolutionize complex question-answering. However, their understanding of chemistry is still in the early stages. This viewpoint examines the performance of ChatGPT in chemistry through five simple tasks in different subareas.
JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL INFORMATION AND MODELING
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Medicinal
Cayque Monteiro Castro Nascimento, Andre Silva Pimentel
Summary: Large language models (LLMs) have the potential to revolutionize complex question answering using the ChatGPT model, but its application in chemistry is still in its early stages. This viewpoint presents five simple tasks in different areas of chemistry to assess how well ChatGPT understands the subject.
JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL INFORMATION AND MODELING
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Zhi Wei Lim, Krithi Pushpanathan, Samantha Min Er Yew, Yien Lai, Chen-Hsin Sun, Janice Sing Harn Lam, David Ziyou Chen, Jocelyn Hui Lin Goh, Marcus Chun Jin Tan, Bin Sheng, Ching-Yu Cheng, Victor Teck Chang Koh, Yih-Chung Tham
Summary: This study evaluated the performance of three large language models (LLMs) in delivering accurate responses to myopia-related queries. The findings highlight the potential of LLMs, particularly ChatGPT-4.0, to provide accurate and comprehensive answers. However, continuous strategies and evaluations are needed to improve the accuracy of LLMs.
Editorial Material
Medicine, General & Internal
Timo Minssen, Effy Vayena, I. Glenn Cohen
Summary: This viewpoint discusses the legal and ethical challenges, such as privacy, device regulation, competition, intellectual property rights, cybersecurity, and liability, that regulators worldwide should consider when dealing with the medical use of large language models.
JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Biomedical
Surendrabikram Thapa, Surabhi Adhikari
Summary: Large language models (LLMs) like ChatGPT and Bard have revolutionized the field of biomedical research by offering interactive chatbots that streamline literature reviews, summarize findings, and generate novel hypotheses. However, their use presents challenges such as misinformation and the need for rigorous validation processes.
ANNALS OF BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING
(2023)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Luigi De Angelis, Francesco Baglivo, Guglielmo Arzilli, Gaetano Pierpaolo Privitera, Paolo Ferragina, Alberto Eugenio Tozzi, Caterina Rizzo
Summary: Large Language Models (LLMs) have gained attention due to the release of ChatGPT, a user-centered chatbot by OpenAI. This perspective article discusses the evolution of LLMs and the impact of ChatGPT in the field of artificial intelligence. LLMs offer multiple opportunities in scientific research, particularly in Natural Language Processing (NLP) tasks. However, the use of LLMs, including ChatGPT, presents ethical and practical challenges, especially in the medical field, where it has the potential to impact public health and exacerbate the spread of misinformation.
FRONTIERS IN PUBLIC HEALTH
(2023)
Article
Education & Educational Research
Jaeho Jeon, Seongyong Lee
Summary: Artificial Intelligence (AI) is evolving to be applicable in various fields, blurring boundaries and expanding its capabilities. The release of ChatGPT, a generative AI chatbot powered by a large language model, marks a significant step in this direction. However, the impact of this technology on education, particularly the role of teachers, remains underexplored. This study investigates the relationship between ChatGPT and teachers, highlighting the complementary roles they play in education. Through interviews and analysis of interaction logs, four ChatGPT roles and three teacher roles are identified. The findings emphasize the importance of teachers' pedagogical expertise in utilizing AI tools and provide implications for the future use of LLM-powered chatbots in education.
EDUCATION AND INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES
(2023)
Editorial Material
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Prateek Sharma, Sravanthi Parasa
Summary: In gastroenterology, ChatGPT and large language models (LLMs) can be helpful in assisting clinicians with various tasks, although there are limitations. While LLMs show promise in aiding healthcare professionals, they should be seen as supplementary tools rather than replacements for human expertise.
NATURE REVIEWS GASTROENTEROLOGY & HEPATOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Behavioral Sciences
Mikhail Kissine, Ariane Saint-Denis, Laurent Mottron
Summary: This systematic review explores the role of joint attention in language development in autism and presents new perspectives. Joint attention plays a crucial role in the emergence of language in autism, but some autistic children are capable of acquiring language skills even in the absence of joint attention.
NEUROSCIENCE AND BIOBEHAVIORAL REVIEWS
(2023)
Article
Regional & Urban Planning
Xinyu Fu, Ruoniu Wang, Chaosu Li
Summary: This study used ChatGPT to evaluate the quality of climate change plans and compared the results with those conducted by human coders. The findings show that ChatGPT's evaluation results coincided reasonably well with those from traditional content analysis. However, ChatGPT struggled with planning-specific jargon, while it could reduce human errors by capturing details.
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN PLANNING ASSOCIATION
(2023)
Article
Computer Science, Information Systems
Paula Maddigan, Teo Susnjak
Summary: This study proposes a method called Chat2VIS, which leverages pre-trained language models to directly convert natural language into code for visualisations. With effective prompt engineering, this method achieves more efficient and accurate language understanding, resulting in simpler and more cost-effective solutions compared to traditional approaches. Chat2VIS demonstrates superior visualisation inference abilities and data security preservation.
Editorial Material
Parasitology
Jan Slapeta
Summary: Large language models like ChatGPT will greatly impact parasitology, especially students. These models lack the authentic experiences gained by students during their training, but this is an opportunity rather than a weakness for the field of parasitology.
TRENDS IN PARASITOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications
Frode Eika Sandnes
Summary: A small experiment was conducted to validate the use of ChatGPT for learning about scholars, but it showed that ChatGPT (GPT-3.5) only recognized a subset of scholars without obvious connection to their citation attributes or internet presence, and the recognized details were often erroneous.
Editorial Material
Psychology, Educational
Enkelejda Kasneci, Kathrin Sessler, Stefan Kuechemann, Maria Bannert, Daryna Dementieva, Frank Fischer, Urs Gasser, Georg Groh, Stephan Guennemann, Eyke Huellermeier, Stepha Krusche, Gitta Kutyniok, Tilman Michaeli, Claudia Nerdel, Juergen Pfeffer, Oleksandra Poquet, Michael Sailer, Albrecht Schmidt, Tina Seidel, Matthias Stadler, Jochen Weller, Jochen Kuhn, Gjergji Kasneci
Summary: Large language models are a significant advancement in AI, and despite criticism and bans, they are here to stay. This commentary discusses the potential benefits and challenges of using these models in education, emphasizing the need for competencies, critical thinking, and strategies for fact checking. Teachers and learners must understand the technology and its limitations, and educational systems need clear strategies and pedagogical approaches to maximize the benefits. Challenges such as bias, human oversight, and potential misuse can provide insights and opportunities for early education on societal biases and risks of AI applications.
LEARNING AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Adem Gencer, Suphi Aydin
Summary: This study tested the performance of ChatGPT on Turkish-language thoracic surgery exam questions and found that it achieved good results, even surpassing students. This indicates that ChatGPT can also be successful in specific areas of medicine.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF THE MEDICAL SCIENCES
(2023)