Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Martina Baraldo, Leonardo Nogara, Georgia Ana Dumitras, Achille Homere Tchampda Dondjang, Alessia Geremia, Marco Scalabrin, Clara Turk, Frederik Telkamp, Lorena Zentilin, Mauro Giacca, Marcus Kruger, Bert Blaauw
Summary: Loss of Raptor diminishes muscle hypertrophy and force increase after Akt activation, indicating mTORC1 as the key mediator of Akt-dependent muscle growth regulating the mitochondrial proteome critical for enhancing muscle force.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Paula Ketilly Nascimento Alves, Andre Cruz, William J. Silva, Siegfried Labeit, Anselmo Sigari Moriscot
Summary: miR-29c overexpression in skeletal muscle leads to hypertrophy and increased protein synthesis despite the downregulation of AKT/mTOR pathway components post-electrotransfer.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Cell Biology
Wenyuan G. Zhu, Jamie E. Hibbert, Kuan Hung Lin, Nathaniel D. Steinert, Jake L. Lemens, Kent W. Jorgenson, Sarah M. Newman, Dudley W. Lamming, Troy A. Hornberger
Summary: This study demonstrates that weight pulling can lead to increased muscle mass in mice and induce changes associated with long-term adaptations similar to those observed in humans, such as muscle fiber hypertrophy and myonuclear accretion.
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Apoorva H. Nagendra, Mohd Altaf Najar, Bipasha Bose, Shenoy P. Sudhee
Summary: Fluoride at high doses is known to be toxic to the musculoskeletal system, primarily affecting bone and cartilage cells. However, there is limited research on the toxicity of fluoride to skeletal muscle. This study found that during skeletal fluorosis, muscle is also affected. Short-term exposure to sodium fluoride (NaF) led to muscle hypertrophy through activation of the IGF1/PI3/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway, while long-term exposure resulted in muscle atrophy due to activation of the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. Differentially expressed proteins were identified and characterized using proteomic analysis.
JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS
(2022)
Article
Plant Sciences
Ahyoung Yoo, Young Jin Jang, Jiyun Ahn, Chang Hwa Jung, Tae Youl Ha
Summary: DMBQ was shown to increase skeletal muscle mass and performance by regulating the AKT/mTOR signaling pathway and enhancing mitochondrial function, which might be beneficial for the treatment and prevention of skeletal muscle atrophy.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
J. Max Michel, Kristy K. Lievense, Sam C. Norton, Juliana V. Costa, Kathryn H. Alphin, Lydia A. Bailey, Gary D. Miller
Summary: This study examined the effects of resistance training (RT) and protein intake on muscle in older adults. The results showed that RT improved muscle quality and function, and the type of protein intake did not have a significant impact on the outcomes.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Haiwen Li, Peipei Wang, Chen Zhang, Yuanbojiao Zuo, Yuan Zhou, Renzhi Han
Summary: In this study, Li et al. demonstrate that BVES acts as a negative feedback regulator of ADCY9-cAMP signaling in skeletal muscle, promoting muscle mass and function maintenance. BVES interacts with and negatively regulates ADCY9's activity, leading to the inhibition of the PKA signaling cascade and the prevention of ubiquitin proteasome degradation and autophagy initiation.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2023)
Article
Cell Biology
Joshua R. Huot, Brian Thompson, Charlotte McMullen, Joseph S. Marino, Susan T. Arthur
Summary: The study showed that inhibiting Notch signaling with GSI treatment promoted myogenesis and MPS in C2C12 myotubes, independent of AKT/mTOR signaling. However, the effects of GSI on myotube formation were completely reversed by rapamycin and API-1, while GSI treatment was able to rescue MPS in C2C12 myotubes exposed to these inhibitors. These results suggest that GSI treatment can rescue MPS via GSK3 beta modulation, regardless of AKT/mTOR signaling.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Christopher G. Vann, Robert W. Morton, Christopher B. Mobley, Ivan J. Vechetti, Brian K. Ferguson, Cody T. Haun, Shelby C. Osburn, Casey L. Sexton, Carlton D. Fox, Matthew A. Romero, Paul A. Roberson, Sara Y. Oikawa, Chris McGlory, Kaelin C. Young, John J. McCarthy, Stuart M. Phillips, Michael D. Roberts
Summary: This study examined the association between genotype and resistance training-induced changes in lean soft tissue mass and muscle fiber cross-sectional area, identifying potential links between GLI3 gene variant and hypertrophic responses. Future studies are needed to confirm this association.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Minghui Zhang, Xueying Li, Xu Cui, Rui Li, Zonghua Ma, Xuejun Gao
Summary: Selenomethionine promotes the growth of myoblasts and skeletal muscle through ANXA2 phosphorylation, as observed in cell and animal studies. The addition of selenomethionine in mice results in increased carcass weight and skeletal muscle growth.
JOURNAL OF NUTRITIONAL BIOCHEMISTRY
(2023)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Thomas Ehlig Hjermind Justesen, Simon Elmer Jespersen, Thomas Tagmose Thomsen, Lars Holm, Gerrit van Hall, Jakob Agergaard
Summary: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of the distribution pattern of dietary protein on muscle protein synthesis and utilization. The results showed that the distribution pattern of dietary protein did not significantly affect muscle protein synthesis and utilization.
Review
Sport Sciences
Changhyun Lim, Everson A. Nunes, Brad S. Currier, Jonathan C. Mcleod, Aaron C. Q. Thomas, Stuart M. Phillips
Summary: Skeletal muscle plays a critical role in physical function and metabolic health. Resistance exercise is the most effective nonpharmacological method for muscle hypertrophy and countering muscle loss. Future research should focus on the interaction between internal variables (such as skeletal muscle biology) and external variables (such as resistance exercise) to determine the most effective strategies for skeletal muscle hypertrophy.
MEDICINE & SCIENCE IN SPORTS & EXERCISE
(2022)
Article
Physiology
Ying Huang, Manshu Yu, Akihiro Kuma, Janet D. Klein, Yanhua Wang, Faten Hassounah, Hui Cai, Xiaonan H. Wang
Summary: This study found that Acu/LFES enhances protein synthesis in both hindlimb and forelimb muscles by reducing let-7-5p levels, which leads to upregulation of the Igf1 signaling pathway. This provides a new understanding of how electrical acupuncture treatment positively influences muscle health.
FRONTIERS IN PHYSIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Sean Paul Kilroe, Jonathan Fulford, Sarah Jackman, Andrew Holwerda, Annemie Gijsen, Luc van Loon, Benjamin Toby Wall
Summary: The study found that three days of muscle disuse leads to significant declines in muscle mass and daily myofibrillar protein synthesis rates. However, daily protein intake does not modulate these muscle deconditioning responses.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Kohei Kido, Tatsuro Egawa, Haruna Fujiyoshi, Hikari Suzuki, Kentaro Kawanaka, Tatsuya Hayashi
Summary: This study found that AMP-activated protein kinase plays an important role in overload-induced muscle hypertrophy and glucose uptake, while the activation of AMPK is dispensable for the induction of muscle hypertrophy. Additionally, the AMPK/GLUT4 and HKII axes may regulate overload-induced muscle glucose uptake and glycogenesis.
Article
Cell Biology
Nathan Hodson, Michael Mazzulla, Maksym N. H. Holowaty, Dinesh Kumbhare, Daniel R. Moore
Summary: This study identified the cellular location of mTORC1-mediated phosphorylation event (RPS6(Ser240/244)) in human skeletal muscle following anabolic stimuli. The findings suggest that RPS6 phosphorylation occurs to a greater extent in the periphery of muscle fibers.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-CELL PHYSIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Sport Sciences
Sidney Abou Sawan, Nathan Hodson, Julia M. Malowany, Daniel W. D. West, Cassidy Tinline-Goodfellow, Matthew S. Brook, Kenneth Smith, Philip J. Atherton, Dinesh Kumbhare, Daniel R. Moore
Summary: Resistance training increases muscle strength, thickness, and fiber cross-sectional area. MyoPS increases to a greater extent in males and is associated with muscle hypertrophy, potentially due to altered mTOR localization.
MEDICINE & SCIENCE IN SPORTS & EXERCISE
(2022)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Matthew J. Lees, Nathan Hodson, Cassidy T. Tinline-Goodfellow, Hugo J. W. Fung, Antonis Elia, Daniel R. Moore
Summary: The emergence of SARS-CoV-2 as the cause of the COVID-19 pandemic has had a disproportionate impact on older people, who have a higher risk of severe infection and mortality. While vaccines have been developed, there are ongoing clinical trials to repurpose existing drugs, such as rapamycin, to combat severe infection. Rapamycin has immunosuppressant effects mediated by its inhibition of mTOR, a regulator of cell growth. However, the effects of rapamycin on skeletal muscle in older people and the availability of effective antiviral medications may reduce the relevance of drug repurposing for future pandemics.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-ENDOCRINOLOGY AND METABOLISM
(2022)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Michael Mazzulla, Nathan Hodson, Daniel W. D. West, Dinesh A. Kumbhare, Daniel R. Moore
Summary: There is a limited number of non-invasive tools available to measure anabolic sensitivity in response to acute physiological stimuli, which poses a challenge for research in free-living settings and vulnerable populations. This study tested the efficacy of a stable isotope breath test to detect changes in leucine oxidation and retention across a range of anabolic sensitivities. The results demonstrated that this non-invasive method based on leucine metabolism can accurately detect differences in anabolic sensitivity.
APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY NUTRITION AND METABOLISM
(2022)
Article
Physiology
Daniel R. Moore, Eric P. Williamson, Nathan Hodson, Stephanie Estafanos, Michael Mazzulla, Dinesh Kumbhare, Jenna B. Gillen
Summary: Interrupting prolonged sitting with brief periods of activity can improve the efficiency of dietary amino acid utilizations for muscle contractile protein synthesis, highlighting the importance of minimizing sedentary time to enhance postprandial metabolism.
JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Marcus Waskiw-Ford, Nathan Hodson, Hugo J. W. Fung, Daniel W. D. West, Philip Apong, Raza Bashir, Daniel R. Moore
Summary: The ingestion of EAA+ or BCAA provided similar retention of leucine for protein synthesis following home-based bodyweight resistance exercise, but EAA+ most effectively attenuated myofibrillar protein breakdown.
Article
Cell Biology
Alasdair Cameron, Griffen Wakelin, Nicholas Gaulton, Laura Young, Scott Wotherspoon, Nathan Hodson, Matthew J. Lees, Daniel R. Moore, Adam P. Johnston
Summary: Skeletal muscle repair and maintenance in humans rely on interstitial cell populations such as vascular cells and fibro-adipogenic progenitors (FAPs). The study revealed the presence of a vascular-related cell type, termed endothelial-like pericytes (ELPCs), which may represent a transition state between endothelial cells and pericytes. FAPs expressing TWIST2 mRNA and protein were also identified. These findings shed light on the complexity of stromal cells in human skeletal muscle and demonstrate the usefulness of single-cell RNA sequencing for characterizing poorly described cell populations.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-CELL PHYSIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Maksym N. H. Holowaty, Matthew J. Lees, Sidney Abou Sawan, Kevin J. M. Paulussen, Ralf Jager, Martin Purpura, Scott A. Paluska, Nicholas A. Burd, Nathan Hodson, Daniel R. Moore
Summary: In this clinical trial, it was found that dietary leucine promotes the translocation of mTORC1 to the cell periphery and enhances its interaction with lysosomes. This activation of mTORC1 by leucine leads to increased muscle protein synthesis.