Review
Cell Biology
Federico Carbone, Luca Liberale, Alberto Preda, Thomas Hellmut Schindler, Fabrizio Montecucco
Summary: The onset of cardiomyopathy in sepsis is a common feature that affects its pathophysiology and clinical care. However, there is a lack of consensus in the definition of sepsis-induced cardiomyopathy, and the wide range of ultrasonographic findings may not fully reflect the understanding of the condition. This review explores the current state of research on sepsis-related cardiomyopathy, highlighting the shortcomings in its definition and discussing the dynamic changes in cardiac performance in response to different hemodynamic clusters. The review also addresses the molecular mechanisms leading to myocardial dysfunction and their similarities to myocardial hibernation.
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Adriana Marques, Carla Torre, Rui Pinto, Bruno Sepodes, Joao Rocha
Summary: Sepsis is a life-threatening condition caused by a dysregulated host response to infection, affecting over 25 million people annually. Septic shock, a severe subset of sepsis, is characterized by persistent low blood pressure, with hospital mortality rates exceeding 40%. Despite advances in early sepsis mortality, long-term complications such as secondary infection remain a significant cause of death, and there are currently no sepsis-specific therapies. Immunostimulatory therapy, including cytokines, growth factors, immune checkpoint inhibitors, and cellular therapies, holds promise in addressing this unmet medical need.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Abed Zahedi Bialvaei, Shabnam Razavi, Farzaneh Notash Haghighat, Azam Hemmati, Maziar Mohammad Akhavan, Mahmood Jeddi-Tehrani, Gholamreza Irajian
Summary: The combination of antibiotics and anti-QA mAb significantly improved the survival rate of mice infected with P. aeruginosa, mainly due to enhanced bactericidal effect preventing bacterial dissemination to different organs. This synergistic effect offers a new effective strategy for the treatment of P. aeruginosa sepsis, especially in the presence of highly virulent strains.
MICROBIAL PATHOGENESIS
(2021)
Article
Critical Care Medicine
Marta Martin-Fernandez, Maria Heredia-Rodriguez, Irene Gonzalez-Jimenez, Mario Lorenzo-Lopez, Estefania Gomez-Pesquera, Rodrigo Poves-Alvarez, F. Javier Alvarez, Pablo Jorge-Monjas, Juan Beltran-DeHeredia, Eduardo Gutierrez-Abejon, Francisco Herrera-Gomez, Gabriella Guzzo, Esther Gomez-Sanchez, Alvaro Tamayo-Velasco, Rocio Aller, Paolo Pelosi, Jesus Villar, Eduardo Tamayo
Summary: In postsurgical patients with sepsis/septic shock, arterial oxygen pressure (PaO2) above 100 mmHg is independently associated with lower 90-day mortality, shorter ICU stay, and intubation time.
Article
Immunology
Marcela Hortova-Kohoutkova, Monika Skotakova, Isaac G. Onyango, Miriam Slezakova, Roman Panovsky, Lukas Opatril, Peter Slanina, Marco De Zuani, Ondrej Mrkva, Ivana Andrejcinova, Petra Laznickova, Martina Dvoncova, Alexandra Mytnikova, Vaughn Ostland, Michal Sitina, Gorazd B. Stokin, Vladimir Sramek, Marcela Vlkova, Martin Helan, Jan Fric
Summary: This study investigated the dynamics of iron regulation in different clinical settings and determined the suitability of hepcidin and/or ferritin levels as biomarkers of inflammatory disease severity. The results showed that hepcidin levels reflect overall immune cell activation driven by intrinsic stimuli, while ferritin levels are more strongly influenced by pathogen-induced inflammation. Furthermore, the hepcidin-to-ferritin ratio has the ability to predict mortality in septic shock.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Andrea Carsetti, Eva Vitali, Lucia Pesaresi, Riccardo Antolini, Erika Casarotta, Elisa Damiani, Erica Adrario, Abele Donati
Summary: Sepsis is a life-threatening condition caused by a dysfunctional response to infection, while septic shock is a severe form of sepsis characterized by persistent low blood pressure and high lactate levels despite adequate fluid resuscitation. Early identification, antibiotic therapy, and control of the infection source are crucial for patient outcomes. Anesthesiologists play a crucial role in managing these patients, evaluating organ dysfunction and optimizing hemodynamics before surgery. Anesthetic agents should be carefully chosen, and efforts should be made to maintain organ perfusion through fluids, vasoactive agents, and inotropes if necessary.
FRONTIERS IN MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Huihui Xu, Teng Li, Xiaoming Zhang, Hongqiang Li, Diyu Lv, Yiyuan Wang, Fangjie Huo, Jianwen Bai, Chunmei Wang
Summary: The study extensively characterized the immune functions of antibody-secreting cells (ASCs) in elderly septic patients and found that ASCs could promote the function of T cells. The population of ASCs was identified as an independent outcome predictor for mortality in septic shock patients.
JOURNAL OF INFLAMMATION RESEARCH
(2022)
Review
Critical Care Medicine
Tatiana Barichello, Jaqueline S. Generoso, Diogo Dominguini, Emily Corneo, Vijayasree V. Giridharan, Taha A. Sahrapour, Lutiana R. Simoes, Maria Ines da Rosa, Fabricia Petronilho, Cristiane Ritter, Tarek Sharshar, Felipe Dal-Pizzol
Summary: This systematic review identified various pathological changes in the brains of deceased sepsis patients, including edema, abscess, hemorrhagic and ischemic injuries, leading to neuronal damage and infiltration of peripheral inflammatory cells. The study highlights the detrimental effects of sepsis on brain function.
CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Nicole Wolfertz, Lennert Boehm, Verena Keitel, Oliver Hannappel, Philipp Kuempers, Michael Bernhard, Mark Michael
Summary: This study provides important insight into the incidence, management, and outcome of patients with infections, sepsis, and septic shock in a German emergency department. The findings have implications for quality management and optimization of treatment pathways for infectious diseases.
FRONTIERS IN MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Critical Care Medicine
John A. Kellum, Claudio Ronco
Summary: Septic shock, caused by bacterial toxins like endotoxin, is a severe disease that can lead to organ failure. It is important to note that endotoxin may play a role in all types of septic shock, including non-bacterial causes such as COVID-19. Diagnosis relies on measuring endotoxin activity in addition to clinical assessment. Treatment options are limited, with immune modulating therapies and extracorporeal blood purification still being investigated.
Article
Infectious Diseases
Carlo Pietrasanta, Andrea Ronchi, Claudia Vener, Chiara Poggi, Claudia Ballerini, Lea Testa, Rosaria Maria Colombo, Elena Spada, Carlo Dani, Fabio Mosca, Lorenza Pugni
Summary: This study aimed to evaluate the accuracy of presepsin for diagnosing and early stratifying neonates with suspected sepsis. Presepsin showed potential value in diagnosing neonatal sepsis and septic shock, but had limited support in early identification of neonates with positive blood culture.
Article
Infectious Diseases
Pedro Martinez-Paz, Marta Aragon-Camino, Esther Gomez-Sanchez, Mario Lorenzo-Lopez, Estefania Gomez-Pesquera, Alejandra Fadrique-Fuentes, Pilar Liu, Alvaro Tamayo-Velasco, Christian Ortega-Loubon, Marta Martin-Fernandez, Hugo Gonzalo-Benito, Emilio Garcia-Moran, Maria Heredia-Rodriguez, Eduardo Tamayo
Summary: The study aims to distinguish between septic shock and non-septic shock in postoperative patients through gene expression signature, providing personalized treatment and avoiding unnecessary antibiotic use and increased healthcare costs.
JOURNAL OF INFECTION
(2021)
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Dominik Jarczak, Stefan Kluge, Axel Nierhaus
Summary: Sepsis is a life-threatening global disease burden, with current treatment mainly relying on basic measures and limited effectiveness of adjuvant therapy. Therefore, a deeper understanding of sepsis immunopathophysiology is needed to explore more promising therapeutic approaches.
FRONTIERS IN MEDICINE
(2021)
Review
Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine
Saurabh Mannan, Patricia A. Tordik, Frederico C. Martinho, Noah Chivian, Craig S. Hirschberg
Summary: Sepsis is a serious and complex medical condition with a high mortality rate. Sepsis and septic shock occur as a continuum, with sepsis leading to septic shock. In the United States, the estimated incidence of severe sepsis is 300 cases per 10,000.
JOURNAL OF ENDODONTICS
(2021)
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Weronika Wasyluk, Martyna Wasyluk, Agnieszka Zwolak
Summary: Sepsis causes dysregulation of the endocrine system, affecting multiple hormonal axes such as the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis, and somatotropic axis. This can lead to issues such as decreased sex hormone levels, amenorrhea, and altered hormone secretion patterns.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Biophysics
Lokender Kumar, Anthony Nash, Chase Harms, Joan Planas-Iglesias, Derek Wright, Judith Klein-Seetharaman, Susanta K. Sarkar
BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL
(2020)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Lokender Kumar, Joan Planas-Iglesias, Chase Harms, Sumaer Kamboj, Derek Wright, Judith Klein-Seetharaman, Susanta K. Sarkar
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2020)
Article
Microbiology
Lokender Kumar, Nathanael Brenner, John Brice, Judith Klein-Seetharaman, Susanta K. Sarkar
Summary: Cephalosporins exhibit anti-QS activity at sub-minimum inhibitory concentrations, reducing bacterial motility, pyocyanin production, and biofilm formation of P. aeruginosa. When used in combination with other antibiotics, cephalosporins at sub-MIC concentrations have the potential to be candidates for treating P. aeruginosa infections.
FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Liza M. Roger, Hannah G. Reich, Evan Lawrence, Shuaifeng Li, Whitney Vizgaudis, Nathan Brenner, Lokender Kumar, Judith Klein-Seetharaman, Jinkyu Yang, Hollie M. Putnam, Nastassja A. Lewinski
Summary: Model systems approaches aim to identify common patterns in biological diversity and complexity, guided by shared evolutionary paths. The success of these approaches relies on the scalability of the model and methods used. By fine-tuning coral cell cultures, researchers can study various biological aspects while minimizing ethical concerns, ultimately aiming to develop immortal cell lines for studying coral traits at multiple scales.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Shuaifeng Li, Liza M. Roger, Lokender Kumar, Nastassja A. Lewinski, Judith Klein-Seetharaman, Alex Gagnon, Hollie M. Putnam, Jinkyu Yang
Summary: Coral reef ecosystems are under threat due to human activities and climate change, while the behavioral trait of coral motion plays a crucial role in survival. However, the subtle tissue motion in scleractinian corals is hard to detect. Researchers have proposed a systematic approach to quantify and visualize minute coral motion in different light conditions for Montipora capricornis.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2021)
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Lokender Kumar, Whitney Vizgaudis, Judith Klein-Seetharaman
Summary: The insulin receptor plays a vital role in regulating nutrient balance and is an attractive target for diabetes and metabolic syndrome treatment. This study investigates the pharmacology of the insulin receptor through two mechanisms: activation by insulin mimetics and inhibition of its enzymatic activity. Recent progress in cryoelectron microscopy allows for a detailed understanding of the initial insulin ligand binding events. The researchers conducted a comprehensive docking study to gain structural insights into the insulin receptor pharmacology.
BRITISH JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Sumaer Kamboj, Chase Harms, Derek Wright, Anthony Nash, Lokender Kumar, Judith Klein-Seetharaman, Susanta K. Sarkar
Summary: This paper quantifies the allosteric communications between the two domains of MMP1 on aSyn-induced aggregates using single molecule measurements and Forster Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET). It identifies the open conformations preferred by the two domains and their inhibition by a point mutation and an MMP inhibitor. The study also predicts binding poses and analyzes conformational changes at the catalytic site to understand the interaction between MMP1 and aSyn. The findings highlight the importance of considering substrates in virtual screening for potential substrate-specific control of MMP1 activity.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2022)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Lokender Kumar, Sanjay Kumar Singh Patel, Kusum Kharga, Rajnish Kumar, Pradeep Kumar, Jessica Pandohee, Sourabh Kulshresha, Kusum Harjai, Sanjay Chhibber
Summary: Microbial biodiversity is crucial in supporting all life forms by adapting to environmental conditions, influenced by factors like climate change, pollution, and human activities. Microbes utilize diverse growth conditions and metabolism, including quorum sensing systems for cellular interactions.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Lokender Kumar, Sanjay Kumar, Kumar Sandeep, Sanjay Kumar Singh Patel
Summary: Cancer poses a significant challenge for effective treatment due to its complex mechanism, different stages of progression, and lack of screening and identification procedures. Pancreatic cancer, with a low survival rate of around 5 years, is ranked seventh globally among mortality-associated cancers. Therefore, it is crucial to develop diagnostic procedures for early detection, understand pancreatic cancer mechanisms, and explore therapeutic strategies. This review highlights recent developments in pancreatic cancer progression, mechanisms, and therapeutic approaches, including molecular techniques and biomedicines for effective cancer treatment.
Review
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Ishita Chanana, Parneet Kaur, Lokender Kumar, Pradeep Kumar, Sourabh Kulshreshtha
Summary: Bioenergy is a viable alternative to non-renewable resources in the energy sector. However, its competitiveness in the energy market is hindered by high production costs. Despite this, microalgal bioenergy products show promising potential in addressing energy resource depletion challenges. This review provides a comprehensive overview of their techno-economic and life cycle assessment, their positioning and competition in the energy market, and highlights new research alternatives for microalgal biomass conversion.
FERMENTATION-BASEL
(2023)
Review
Ecology
Ishita Chanana, Aparajita Sharma, Pradeep Kumar, Lokender Kumar, Sourabh Kulshreshtha, Sanjay Kumar, Sanjay Kumar Singh Patel
Summary: Combustion, while essential for humanity, has caused societal turbulence due to pollutant emissions and byproducts. The general population remains unaware of the health deterioration, product quality degradation, biodiversity loss, and environmental harm resulting from incomplete combustion. Mitigation efforts by authorities and increased sales of pharmaceuticals, air filters, and new techniques indicate the need for bioremediation. This article provides an overview of the problems caused by uncontrolled combustion, the sources and processes of pollution, and mitigation measures for human health and the environment.
Correction
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Kusum Kharga, Irra Dhar, Shashank Kashyap, Sounok Sengupta, Deepak Kumar, Lokender Kumar
WORLD JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY & BIOTECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Kusum Kharga, Irra Dhar, Shashank Kashyap, Sounok Sengupta, Deepak Kumar, Lokender Kumar
Summary: Zingerone effectively reduces the motility phenotypes and biofilm-forming ability of S. Typhi, and enhances the antibiofilm activity of ciprofloxacin and kanamycin. Molecular docking and simulation studies suggest that zingerone can bind to fimbriae subunits of S. Typhi. These findings provide important insights into the potential of zingerone to target biofilm-associated Salmonella infections.
WORLD JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY & BIOTECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Sumaer Kamboj, Chase Harms, Lokender Kumar, Daniel Creamer, Colista West, Judith Klein-Seetharaman, Susanta K. Sarkar
Summary: The study demonstrates a technique using the amyloidogenic property of aSyn for purification, successfully isolating monomeric aSyn without chromatography or denaturing agents. This cost-effective method could potentially serve as a model for studying the physiological roles of aSyn in humans.
