Pool fire dynamics: Principles, models and recent advances

Fire whirls: A Combustion Science Perspective

(2022) Kazunori Kuwana et al.   COMBUSTION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

Effects of cross airflow and burner distance on temperature profile and flame morphology of dual tandem pool fires

(2022) Yuhang Chen et al.   FUEL

The burning process and temperature profile of double fires in a tunnel: An experimental study

(2022) Jinlong Zhao et al.   TUNNELLING AND UNDERGROUND SPACE TECHNOLOGY

Mass burning rate and merging behaviour of double liquid pool fires under cross winds

(2022) Fei Tang et al.   PROCEEDINGS OF THE COMBUSTION INSTITUTE

Combustion dynamics of large-scale wildfires

(2021) Naian Liu et al.   PROCEEDINGS OF THE COMBUSTION INSTITUTE

Flame interaction and tilting behavior of two tandem adjacent hydrocarbon turbulent diffusion flames in crosswind: An experimental quantification and characterization

(2021) Yuhang Chen et al.   FUEL

The interaction of double burner fire whirls

(2021) K.A. Hartl et al.   COMBUSTION AND FLAME

Effects of ullage height on heat feedback and combustion emission mechanisms of heptane pool fires

(2021) Chunxiang Liu et al.   FIRE SAFETY JOURNAL

Experimental study on burning rates of large-scale hydrocarbon pool fires under controlled wind conditions

(2021) Jiao Lei et al.   FIRE SAFETY JOURNAL

Buoyant turbulent diffusion flame heights of free-, wall- and corner air entrainment conditions: Experiments and global model based on mirror approach

(2021) Xiaolei Zhang et al.   FUEL

Experimental study on the diffusion burning and radiative heat delivery of two adjacent heptane pool fires

(2021) Kun Zhao et al.   INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF THERMAL SCIENCES

Ignition behavior and critical distance of flammable liquids by radiant heat flux from adjacent pool fire

(2021) Manhou Li et al.   INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF THERMAL SCIENCES

Far field radiation properties of gaseous modelled wind-blown pool fires: An experimental investigation and simplified geometrical analysis

(2020) Chen Kuang et al.   FIRE SAFETY JOURNAL

Effects of wind speed and heat release rate on the vortex strength and size of fire whirls without an inner core of flame

(2020) Masahiko Shinohara   FIRE SAFETY JOURNAL

Chemical structure of medium-scale liquid pool fires

(2020) Ryan Falkenstein-Smith et al.   FIRE SAFETY JOURNAL

Emulation of condensed fuel flames with gaseous fuels supplied through a porous copper calorimeter

(2020) Eric Auth et al.   FIRE AND MATERIALS

Temperature elevation and trajectory in the downwind region of rectangular fire sources in cross-winds

(2020) Keisuke Himoto et al.   FIRE SAFETY JOURNAL

Experimental study on pulsation frequency of free-, wall- and corner buoyant turbulent diffusion flames

(2020) Xiaolei Zhang et al.   FUEL

Experimental study on flame pulsation behavior of external venting facade fire ejected from opening of a compartment

(2020) Xiepeng Sun et al.   PROCEEDINGS OF THE COMBUSTION INSTITUTE

Experimental investigation and analysis of flame height transition and air entrainment of near-wall rectangular-source fires at various distances

(2020) Xiaolei Zhang et al.   PROCEEDINGS OF THE COMBUSTION INSTITUTE

Instability transition of a jet diffusion flame in quiescent environment

(2020) Haodong Zhang et al.   PROCEEDINGS OF THE COMBUSTION INSTITUTE

Diffusion flame morphology with or without near-wall in cross-winds: Experiments and a correlation based on momentum-buoyancy length scale

(2020) Xu Fang et al.   FUEL

Energy Balance in Medium-Scale Methanol, Ethanol, and Acetone Pool Fires

(2019) Sung Chan Kim et al.   FIRE SAFETY JOURNAL

Flame radiation emission from pool fires under the influence of cross airflow and ambient pressure

(2019) Xiaolei Zhang et al.   COMBUSTION AND FLAME

Burning rate, flame geometry and temperature of convection-controlled circular diesel oil pool fire under air crossflow conditions

(2019) Rafael Gialdi Salvagni et al.   JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS

Experimental study and physical analysis of flame geometry in pool fires under relatively strong cross flows

(2019) Yujie Lin et al.   COMBUSTION AND FLAME

Downstream radiative and convective heating from methane and propane fires with cross wind

(2019) Xiaoyu Ju et al.   COMBUSTION AND FLAME

Quantification of cross-wind effect on temperature elevation in the downwind region of fire sources

(2019) Keisuke Himoto   FIRE SAFETY JOURNAL

Oxygen concentration effects on the burning behavior of small scale pool fires

(2019) Jian Chen et al.   FUEL

Spectral radiation emitted by kerosene pool fires

(2019) Gilles Parent et al.   FIRE SAFETY JOURNAL

Experimental study on flame morphologic characteristics of wall attached non-premixed buoyancy driven turbulent flames

(2019) Xiaolei Zhang et al.   APPLIED ENERGY

Examination of radiative fraction of small-scale pool fires at reduced pressure environments

(2019) Jiahao Liu et al.   FIRE SAFETY JOURNAL

Fire Whirls

(2018) Ali Tohidi et al.   Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics

Experimental study of corner fires—Part I: Inert panel tests

(2018) Davood Zeinali et al.   COMBUSTION AND FLAME

On the critical conditions for pool-fire puffing

(2018) Daniel Moreno-Boza et al.   COMBUSTION AND FLAME

A Burning Rate Emulator (BRE) for study of condensed fuel burning in microgravity

(2018) Akshit Markan et al.   COMBUSTION AND FLAME

Heat release rate determination of pool fire at different pressure conditions

(2018) Qiuju Ma et al.   FIRE AND MATERIALS

Measurement of geometric and radiative properties of heptane pool fires

(2018) Vinay C. Raj et al.   FIRE SAFETY JOURNAL

An experimental study on the burning rates of interacting fires in tunnels

(2018) Sina Shafee et al.   FIRE SAFETY JOURNAL

Effect of pressure on the heat transfer and flame characteristics of small-scale ethanol pool fires

(2018) Jian Chen et al.   FIRE SAFETY JOURNAL

An experimental study and analysis on maximum horizontal extents of buoyant turbulent diffusion flames subject to relative strong cross flows

(2018) Yujie Lin et al.   FUEL

Boundary layer instabilities in mixed convection and diffusion flames with an unheated starting length

(2018) Colin H. Miller et al.   INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER

Measuring heat flux to a porous burner in microgravity

(2018) Akshit Markan et al.   PROCEEDINGS OF THE COMBUSTION INSTITUTE

Interpretation on fire interaction mechanisms of multiple pool fires

(2018) Yan Jiao et al.   PROCEEDINGS OF THE COMBUSTION INSTITUTE

Interaction of two parallel rectangular fires

(2018) Naian Liu et al.   PROCEEDINGS OF THE COMBUSTION INSTITUTE

A vortex-dynamical scaling theory for flickering buoyant diffusion flames

(2018) Xi Xia et al.   JOURNAL OF FLUID MECHANICS

Modelling the view factor of a ‘grain-like’ observer near a tilted pool fire via planar approximation approach

(2018) Christopher J. Budd et al.   APPLIED MATHEMATICAL MODELLING

An experimental study on the burning rates of n-heptane pool fires with various lip heights in cross flow

(2018) Chen Kuang et al.   COMBUSTION AND FLAME

Effects of crosswind and burner aspect ratio on flame characteristics and flame base drag length of diffusion flames

(2018) Fei Tang et al.   COMBUSTION AND FLAME

An experimental investigation and scaling analysis on flame sag of pool fire in cross flow

(2018) Xiaozheng Zhang et al.   FUEL

Thermal radiation modelling of pool fire with consideration on the nonuniform temperature in flame volume

(2018) Kuibin Zhou et al.   INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF THERMAL SCIENCES

Flame interaction and burning characteristics of abreast liquid fuel fires with cross wind

(2017) Chuan Gang Fan et al.   EXPERIMENTAL THERMAL AND FLUID SCIENCE

On wall fire interaction in a small pool fire: A large-eddy simulation study

(2017) Mehdi Jangi et al.   FIRE SAFETY JOURNAL

Investigating coherent streaks in wildfires via heated plates in crosswind

(2017) Colin Miller et al.   FIRE SAFETY JOURNAL

A review of physics and correlations of pool fire behaviour in wind and future challenges

(2017) Longhua Hu   FIRE SAFETY JOURNAL

Total radiative heat loss and radiation distribution of liquid pool fire flames

(2017) Liang Zhou et al.   FIRE SAFETY JOURNAL

Monte Carlo calculation model for heat radiation of inclined cylindrical flames and its application

(2017) Zhangyu Chang et al.   HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER

A refined methodology to determine the spatial and temporal variation in the emissivity of diffusion flames

(2017) Vinay C. Raj et al.   INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF THERMAL SCIENCES

Effect of air entrainment on the height of buoyant turbulent diffusion flames for two fires in open space

(2017) Huaxian Wan et al.   PROCEEDINGS OF THE COMBUSTION INSTITUTE

Local flame attachment and heat fluxes in wind-driven line fires

(2017) Wei Tang et al.   PROCEEDINGS OF THE COMBUSTION INSTITUTE

Effect of ullage on burning behavior of small-scale pool fires in a cavity

(2017) Xiaochuan Shi et al.   PROCEEDINGS OF THE COMBUSTION INSTITUTE

Scaling flame height of fully turbulent pool fires based on the turbulent transport properties

(2017) Jiao Lei et al.   PROCEEDINGS OF THE COMBUSTION INSTITUTE

Flame heights and fraction of stoichiometric air entrained for rectangular turbulent jet fires in a sub-atmospheric pressure

(2017) Longhua Hu et al.   PROCEEDINGS OF THE COMBUSTION INSTITUTE

An experimental study on burning rate and flame tilt of optical-thin heptane pool fires in cross flows

(2017) Longhua Hu et al.   PROCEEDINGS OF THE COMBUSTION INSTITUTE

Pool fire flame base drag behavior with cross flow in a sub-atmospheric pressure

(2017) Longhua Hu et al.   PROCEEDINGS OF THE COMBUSTION INSTITUTE

Local Burning Rates and Heat Flux for Forced Flow Boundary-Layer Diffusion Flames

(2016) Ajay V. Singh et al.   AIAA JOURNAL

The influence of low air pressure on horizontal flame spread over flexible polyurethane foam and correlative smoke productions

(2016) Ran Tu et al.   APPLIED THERMAL ENGINEERING

Low air pressure effects on burning rates of ethanol and n -heptane pool fires under various feedback mechanisms of heat

(2016) Ran Tu et al.   APPLIED THERMAL ENGINEERING

Scaling of a small scale burner fire whirl

(2016) K.A. Hartl et al.   COMBUSTION AND FLAME

A burner to emulate condensed phase fuels

(2016) Y. Zhang et al.   EXPERIMENTAL THERMAL AND FLUID SCIENCE

Flame base drag of pool fires with different side wall height in cross flows: A laboratory-scale experimental study and a new correlation

(2016) Longhua Hu et al.   FUEL

Effect of cross-wind on near-wall buoyant turbulent diffusion flame length and tilt

(2016) Fei Tang et al.   FUEL

Momentum- and buoyancy-driven laminar methane diffusion flame shapes and radiation characteristics at sub-atmospheric pressures

(2016) Jun Fang et al.   FUEL

Oscillation frequency of buoyant diffusion flame in cross-wind

(2016) Jun Fang et al.   FUEL

Experiment investigation on the influence of low pressure on ceiling temperature profile in aircraft cargo compartment fires

(2015) Jie Wang et al.   APPLIED THERMAL ENGINEERING

Fluid motion and energy transfer within burning liquid fuel pools of various thicknesses

(2015) Alireza Vali et al.   COMBUSTION AND FLAME

Flame necking-in and instability characterization in small and medium pool fires with different lip heights

(2015) Longhua Hu et al.   COMBUSTION AND FLAME

Emulation of condensed fuel flames with gases in microgravity

(2015) Yi Zhang et al.   COMBUSTION AND FLAME

The phoenix series large-scale methane gas burner experiments and liquid methane pool fires experiments on water

(2015) Anay Luketa et al.   COMBUSTION AND FLAME

Wind-blown pool fire, Part I: Experimental characterization of the thermal field

(2015) Cecilia S. Lam et al.   FIRE SAFETY JOURNAL

Wind-blown pool fire, Part II: Comparison of measured flame geometry with semi-empirical correlations

(2015) Cecilia S. Lam et al.   FIRE SAFETY JOURNAL

Thermal exposure from large scale ethanol fuel pool fires

(2015) Johan Sjöström et al.   FIRE SAFETY JOURNAL

Radiative emissions measurements from a buoyant, turbulent line flame under oxidizer-dilution quenching conditions

(2015) J.P. White et al.   FIRE SAFETY JOURNAL

Burning rate and flame tilt characteristics of radiation-controlled rectangular hydrocarbon pool fires with cross air flows in a reduced pressure

(2015) Fei Tang et al.   FUEL

Experimental study and global correlation on burning rates and flame tilt characteristics of acetone pool fires under cross air flow

(2015) F. Tang et al.   INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER

Burning rate of merged pool fire on the hollow square tray

(2015) Changjian Wang et al.   JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS

Experimental study on merged flame characteristics from multifire sources with wood cribs

(2015) Wenguo Weng et al.   PROCEEDINGS OF THE COMBUSTION INSTITUTE

Evolution of heat feedback in medium pool fires with cross air flow and scaling of mass burning flux by a stagnant layer theory solution

(2015) Longhua Hu et al.   PROCEEDINGS OF THE COMBUSTION INSTITUTE

Merging behavior of facade flames ejected from two windows of an under-ventilated compartment fire

(2015) Kaihua Lu et al.   PROCEEDINGS OF THE COMBUSTION INSTITUTE

A re-examination of entrainment constant and an explicit model for flame heights of rectangular jet fires

(2014) Longhua Hu et al.   COMBUSTION AND FLAME

Flame pulsation frequency of conduction-controlled rectangular hydrocarbon pool fires of different aspect ratios in a sub-atmospheric pressure

(2014) Fei Tang et al.   INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER

Multiple pool fires: Occurrence, simulation, modeling and management

(2014) S. Vasanth et al.   JOURNAL OF LOSS PREVENTION IN THE PROCESS INDUSTRIES

Radiation enhanced B-Number

(2013) Fenghui Jiang et al.   COMBUSTION AND FLAME

Pool fires – An empirical correlation

(2013) Benjamin D. Ditch et al.   COMBUSTION AND FLAME

Sooting behaviour of n-heptane laminar diffusion flames at high pressures

(2013) Ahmet E. Karataş et al.   COMBUSTION AND FLAME

Transport phenomena within the liquid phase of a laboratory-scale circular methanol pool fire

(2013) Alireza Vali et al.   COMBUSTION AND FLAME

Flame length elongation behavior of medium hydrocarbon pool fires in cross air flow

(2013) Longhua Hu et al.   FUEL

Burning characteristics of conduction-controlled rectangular hydrocarbon pool fires in a reduced pressure atmosphere at high altitude in Tibet

(2013) Longhua Hu et al.   FUEL

Flame radiation fraction behaviors of sooty buoyant turbulent jet diffusion flames in reduced- and normal atmospheric pressures and a global correlation with Reynolds number

(2013) Longhua Hu et al.   FUEL

Flame radiation feedback to fuel surface in medium ethanol and heptane pool fires with cross air flow

(2012) Longhua Hu et al.   COMBUSTION AND FLAME

Effects of altering the liquid phase boundary conditions of methanol pool fires

(2012) Alireza Vali et al.   EXPERIMENTAL THERMAL AND FLUID SCIENCE

Formation of fire whirls: Experimental verification that a counter-rotating vortex pair is a possible origin of fire whirls

(2012) Masahiko Shinohara et al.   FIRE SAFETY JOURNAL

A new mathematical quantification of wind-blown flame tilt angle of hydrocarbon pool fires with a new global correlation model

(2012) Longhua Hu et al.   FUEL

Multiple fire interactions: A further investigation by burning rate data of square fire arrays

(2012) Naian Liu et al.   PROCEEDINGS OF THE COMBUSTION INSTITUTE

Flame characteristics of small-scale pool fires under low gravity environments

(2012) Naohiro Yoshihara et al.   PROCEEDINGS OF THE COMBUSTION INSTITUTE

Effects of low air pressure on radiation-controlled rectangular ethanol and n-heptane pool fires

(2012) Ran Tu et al.   PROCEEDINGS OF THE COMBUSTION INSTITUTE

Unified behaviour of maximum soot yields of methane, ethane and propane laminar diffusion flames at high pressures

(2011) Ömer L. Gülder et al.   COMBUSTION AND FLAME

A consideration of methods of determining the radiative characteristics of jet fires

(2011) Geoffrey Hankinson et al.   COMBUSTION AND FLAME

Experimental Study on the Burning Behavior of Pool Fires in Rooms with Different Wall Linings

(2011) Annemarie Poulsen et al.   FIRE TECHNOLOGY

Influence of low air pressure on combustion characteristics and flame pulsation frequency of pool fires

(2011) Jun Fang et al.   FUEL

A wind tunnel experimental study on burning rate enhancement behavior of gasoline pool fires by cross air flow

(2010) Longhua Hu et al.   COMBUSTION AND FLAME

Measurement of Flame Emissivity of Hydrocarbon Pool Fires

(2010) S. Sudheer et al.   FIRE TECHNOLOGY

Measurement of flame emissivity of gasoline pool fires

(2010) S. Sudheer et al.   NUCLEAR ENGINEERING AND DESIGN

Combustion characteristics of n-heptane at high altitudes

(2010) Xiaokang Hu et al.   PROCEEDINGS OF THE COMBUSTION INSTITUTE

Experimental research on combustion dynamics of medium-scale fire whirl

(2010) Jiao Lei et al.   PROCEEDINGS OF THE COMBUSTION INSTITUTE

A Physical Model and Improved Experimental Data Correlation for Wind Induced Flame Drag in Pool Fires

(2009) Phani K. Raj   FIRE TECHNOLOGY

A fully-coupled simulation of vortical structures in a large-scale buoyant pool fire

(2009) Sherman C.P. Cheung et al.   INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF THERMAL SCIENCES

Experimental study on burning rates of square/rectangular gasoline and methanol pool fires under longitudinal air flow in a wind tunnel

(2009) L.H. Hu et al.   JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS

Correlation of temperature rise and velocity along an inclined fire plume axis in crosswinds

(2008) Yasushi Oka et al.   FIRE SAFETY JOURNAL

Combustion characteristics of n-heptane and wood crib fires at different altitudes

(2008) Zhen-hua Li et al.   PROCEEDINGS OF THE COMBUSTION INSTITUTE

Global burning rate of square fire arrays: Experimental correlation and interpretation

(2008) Naian Liu et al.   PROCEEDINGS OF THE COMBUSTION INSTITUTE

Characterization of thermal radiation spectra in 2m pool fires

(2008) Jill M. Suo-Anttila et al.   PROCEEDINGS OF THE COMBUSTION INSTITUTE

Scaling fire whirls

(2007) Kazunori Kuwana et al.   FIRE SAFETY JOURNAL

The influence of low atmospheric pressure on carbon monoxide of n-heptane pool fires

(2007) Fang Jun et al.   JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS