Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Alessio Bellini, Andrea Nicolo, Rocco Bulzomi, Ilenia Bazzucchi, Massimo Sacchetti
Summary: Postprandial exercise, especially aerobic exercise, can significantly improve the glycemic response in patients with type 2 diabetes. The combination of aerobic and resistance exercise shows greater benefits in reducing post-meal blood glucose levels, with aerobic exercise performed alone or before resistance exercise showing the most advantages.
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Alessia Quarta, Miriana Guarino, Roberta Tripodi, Cosimo Giannini, Francesco Chiarelli, Annalisa Blasetti
Summary: In children with type 1 diabetes, a healthy lifestyle is crucial for glycemic control and reducing inflammatory effects. Glycemic index and load are important indicators to assess the quality of food consumed. Recent studies have shown that incorporating low-glycemic-index foods into the diet can result in better glycemic stability and reduced hyperglycemic peaks.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Teresa Quattrin, Lucy D. Mastrandrea, Lucy S. K. Walker
Summary: Type 1 diabetes is a chronic disease caused by autoimmune destruction of pancreatic beta cells, and individuals with this disease rely on insulin for survival. Despite advancements, the burden of this disease remains high. Research shows that blocking the immune attack on beta cells holds promise in preserving endogenous insulin production.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Aishee B. Mukherji, Di Lu, FeiFei Qin, Haley Hedlin, Neil M. Johannsen, Sukyung Chung, Yukari Kobayashi, Francois Haddad, Cynthia Lamendola, Marina Basina, Ruth Talamoa, Jonathan Myers, Latha Palaniappan
Summary: This study tested the effectiveness of different frequencies of weekly structured exercise in improving diabetes control. The results showed that the thrice-weekly exercise group demonstrated improvements in HbA1c levels at 6 months in the per-protocol analysis. However, there was no significant difference in HbA1c change in the intention-to-treat analysis. Future efforts should focus on improving adherence to thrice-weekly structured exercise programs.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Lalantha Leelarathna, Mark L. L. Evans, Sankalpa Neupane, Gerry Rayman, Sarah Lumley, Iain Cranston, Parth Narendran, Katharine Barnard-Kelly, Christopher J. J. Sutton, Rachel A. A. Elliott, Vicky P. P. Taxiarchi, Georgios Gkountouras, Matthew Burns, Womba Mubita, Naresh Kanumilli, Maisie Camm, Hood Thabit, Emma G. G. Wilmot
Summary: This study investigated the efficacy of intermittently scanned continuous glucose monitoring in patients with type 1 diabetes. The results showed that compared to traditional fingerstick testing, the use of intermittently scanned continuous glucose monitoring significantly reduced glycated hemoglobin levels and improved blood glucose control.
NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Simon C. Bergford, Michael G. Riddell, Peter Jacobs, Zoey L. Li, Robin A. Gal, Mark J. Clements, Francis K. Doyle, Corby R. Martin, Susana R. Patton, Jessica B. Castle, Melanie W. Gillingham, Roy R. Beck, Michael Rickels, Peter Calhoun
Summary: This study aimed to develop a hypoglycemia prediction model based on a large real-world study of exercise in type 1 diabetes. The study found that lower pre-exercise glucose levels, decreasing levels of glucose before exercise, and greater pre-exercise insulin-on-board increased the risk of hypoglycemia.
DIABETES TECHNOLOGY & THERAPEUTICS
(2023)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Emil F. Coccaro, Sophie Lazarus, Joshua Joseph, Kathline Wyne, Tina Drossos, Louis Phillipson, Mary de Groot
Summary: The study found that negative emotional experience is positively related to diabetes-related distress, while the skill at regulating these emotions is negatively related to diabetes-related distress, with a medium-size relationship between these emotional regulation variables and diabetes-related distress. The data suggest that diabetes-related distress in adults with diabetes is meaningfully linked to negative emotionality and skill at regulating such emotions, with a stronger relationship than perceived psychological stress or diabetes self-care.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Antonio Colasanto, Silvia Savastio, Erica Pozzi, Carlotta Gorla, Jean Daniel Coisson, Marco Arlorio, Ivana Rabbone
Summary: The study aimed to evaluate the chemical and nutritional composition of rice before and after cooking, as well as the postprandial glycemic impacts in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes. The results showed that total dietary fiber increased after cooking rice, and cooking rice as risotto increased polyphenols and antioxidants. The glycemic response differed depending on the type of rice and cooking method, but was well controlled by a closed loop insulin delivery system.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Daniel J. DeSalvo, Stefanie Lanzinger, Nudrat Noor, Claudia Steigleder-Schweiger, Osagie Ebekozien, Simone von Sengbusch, Nana-Hawa Yayah Jones, Katharina Laubner, David M. Maahs, Reinhard W. Holl
Summary: Achieving glycemic targets in youth and young adults with type 1 diabetes is challenging. The use of continuous glucose monitors (CGM) has been found to improve glycemic control, with higher adoption rates in Europe.
DIABETES TECHNOLOGY & THERAPEUTICS
(2022)
Review
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Alvin C. Powers
Summary: Type 1 diabetes is a result of autoimmune response requiring lifelong insulin therapy. Although there is considerable heterogeneity in genetics, pathology, and clinical course of T1D, there are still knowledge gaps and opportunities for improving understanding of its pathogenesis. Emerging therapies are being developed to treat or prevent T1D.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL INVESTIGATION
(2021)
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Jie Kang, Brian M. Fardman, Nicholas A. Ratamess, Avery D. Faigenbaum, Jill A. Bush
Summary: This study analyzed the existing literature on the impact of postprandial exercise (PPE) on glycemic control in overweight individuals, individuals with obesity, and type 2 diabetes (T2DM). The results showed that PPE significantly reduced glucose levels. The duration of exercise and timing post-meal also influenced the glucose-lowering effect.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Danijela Tatovic, Parth Narendran, Colin M. Dayan
Summary: Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is an autoimmune disease with early stages that are often unrecognized. This Perspective focuses on managing individuals with early stage 3 T1DM who do not immediately require insulin, aiming to extend the insulin-free period and reduce the burden on patients. Further research and clinical trials are needed to test these approaches.
NATURE REVIEWS ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Rosana Costa, Blanca Rios-Carrasco, Luis Monteiro, Paula Lopez-Jarana, Filipa Carneiro, Marta Relvas
Summary: Gingivitis and periodontitis are chronic inflammatory diseases affecting the supporting tissues of the teeth, and their pathogenesis can be influenced by factors such as bacterial biofilms, smoking, drugs, and systemic diseases. This study aims to analyze the association between periodontal status and type 1 diabetes mellitus. The results show a confirmed association between type 1 diabetes mellitus and periodontal diseases, with higher prevalence and severity in diabetic patients compared to healthy individuals.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
R. David Leslie, Carmella Evans-Molina, Jacquelyn Freund-Brown, Raffaella Buzzetti, Dana Dabelea, Kathleen M. Gillespie, Robin Goland, Angus G. Jones, Mark Kacher, Lawrence S. Phillips, Olov Rolandsson, Jana L. Wardian, Jessica L. Dunne
Summary: Recent epidemiological data indicates that over half of new cases of type 1 diabetes occur in adults. Key genetic, immune, and metabolic differences are present between adult-onset and childhood-onset type 1 diabetes, many of which remain poorly understood.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Jonatan Bagger, Magnus F. G. Grondahl, Asger Lund, Jens J. Holst, Tina Vilsboll, Filip K. Knop
Summary: The study showed that GLP-1 potentiated the glucagon-suppressive effect of glucose in a dose-dependent manner in healthy individuals and patients with type 2 diabetes. However, patients with type 1 diabetes were insensitive to the glucagonostatic effects of both glucose and GLP-1.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Lauren Turner, Michael C. Riddell
DIABETES OBESITY & METABOLISM
(2022)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Rawad Farhat, Julian Aiken, Ninoschka C. D'Souza, Daniel Appadurai, Grayson Hull, Eric Simonson, Richard T. Liggins, Michael C. Riddell, Owen Chan
Summary: This study evaluated the pharmacokinetics and efficacy of a novel somatostatin receptor 2 antagonist, ZT-01, in stimulating glucagon release in rats with T1D. The results showed that ZT-01 may be effective in restoring glucagon responses and preventing hypoglycaemia.
DIABETES OBESITY & METABOLISM
(2022)
Editorial Material
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Barbora Paldus, Dale Morrison, Melissa Lee, Dessi P. Zaharieva, Michael C. Riddell, David N. O'Neal
Summary: Exercise has many benefits for people with type 1 diabetes, but there are barriers such as glycemic instability and fear of hypoglycemia. Closed-loop systems have shown benefits in glycemic management, but face challenges in managing insulin needs during exercise. This commentary discusses the principles, strengths, and challenges of closed-loop systems in exercise management, and explores potential approaches to improve their shortcomings for fully automated systems.
JOURNAL OF DIABETES SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Daria Igudesman, Jamie Crandell, Karen D. Corbin, Dessi P. Zaharieva, Ananta Addala, Joan M. Thomas, Anna Casu, M. Sue Kirkman, Teeranan Pokaprakarn, Michael C. Riddell, Kyle Burger, Richard E. Pratley, Michael R. Kosorok, David M. Maahs, Elizabeth J. Mayer-Davis
Summary: This study evaluated the effects of different diets on weight and glycaemia in young adults with type 1 diabetes and overweight or obesity. The results showed that regardless of macronutrient distribution or calorie restriction, a three-month diet resulted in weight loss and improved or maintained blood sugar levels without increasing hypoglycaemia.
DIABETES OBESITY & METABOLISM
(2023)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Ronnie Aronson, Michael C. Riddell, Valentina Conoscenti, M. Khaled Junaidi
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the effect of mini-dose, ready-to-use glucagon on the incidence of exercise-associated hypoglycemia (EAH) in adults with type 1 diabetes. The results showed that the use of glucagon can significantly reduce the incidence of EAH without causing serious adverse events.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Emily G. Hoffman, Ninoschka C. D'Souza, Julian Aiken, Sara Atherley, Richard Liggins, Michael C. Riddell
Summary: The aim of this study was to investigate the existence of glucagon counterregulatory defects in a rat model of prediabetes (pre-T2D) and to assess the effects of a selective somatostatin receptor 2 antagonist (SSTR2a), ZT-01, on enhancing the glucagon response to insulin-induced hypoglycemia. The results showed that treatment with SSTR2a increased plasma glucagon levels and delayed the onset of hypoglycemia.
DIABETES OBESITY & METABOLISM
(2023)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Jingtong Huang, Andrea M. Yeung, Ashley Y. DuBord, Howard Wolpert, Peter G. Jacobs, Wei-An Lee, Andjela Drincic, Elias K. Spanakis, Jennifer L. Sherr, Priya Prahalad, Alexander Fleming, Victoria C. Hsiao, Tejaswi Kompala, Rayhan A. Lal, Maya Fayfman, Barry H. Ginsberg, Rodolfo J. Galindo, Andreas Stuhr, J. Geoffrey Chase, Bijan Najafi, Umesh Masharani, Jane Jeffrie Seley, David C. Klonoff
Summary: Diabetes Technology Society held its annual Diabetes Technology Meeting from November 3 to November 5, 2022. The meeting covered various topics including glucose, insulin, and ketone measurement, virtual diabetes care, metrics for diabetes management and outcome prediction, integration of continuous glucose monitor data into electronic health records, etc.
JOURNAL OF DIABETES SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Simon C. Bergford, Michael G. Riddell, Peter Jacobs, Zoey L. Li, Robin A. Gal, Mark J. Clements, Francis K. Doyle, Corby R. Martin, Susana R. Patton, Jessica B. Castle, Melanie W. Gillingham, Roy R. Beck, Michael Rickels, Peter Calhoun
Summary: This study aimed to develop a hypoglycemia prediction model based on a large real-world study of exercise in type 1 diabetes. The study found that lower pre-exercise glucose levels, decreasing levels of glucose before exercise, and greater pre-exercise insulin-on-board increased the risk of hypoglycemia.
DIABETES TECHNOLOGY & THERAPEUTICS
(2023)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Paula Chinchilla, Klemen Dovc, Katarina Braune, Ananta Addala, Michael C. C. Riddell, Tiago Jeronimo Dos Santos, Dessi P. P. Zaharieva
Summary: This study investigated the knowledge and confidence of healthcare professionals in managing exercise for youth with T1D worldwide. The majority of healthcare professionals lack sufficient knowledge and confidence in exercise counseling for youth with T1D, indicating a need for further professional education. This suggests that managing exercise for youth with T1D remains challenging in most healthcare settings globally.
PEDIATRIC DIABETES
(2023)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Franziska K. Bishop, Ananta Addala, Karen D. Corbin, Franklin R. Muntis, Richard E. Pratley, Michael C. Riddell, Elizabeth J. Mayer-Davis, David M. Maahs, Dessi P. Zaharieva
Summary: The prevalence of overweight and obesity in young people with type 1 diabetes is on the rise, highlighting the need to address weight management as part of their care. Diet and physical activity are both crucial for sustainable weight management, but these approaches need to be tailored to the challenges unique to type 1 diabetes. Integrating regular physical activity with diabetes management poses a significant challenge due to the risk of hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Sunghyun Cho, Eleonora M. M. Aiello, Basak Ozaslan, Michael C. C. Riddell, Peter Calhoun, Robin L. L. Gal, Francis J. J. Doyle III
Summary: A real-time physical activity detection and classification framework was proposed, which can predict the activity type and intensity from accelerometer, heart rate, and continuous glucose monitoring records. The framework showed high performance in exercise detection and classification. Integration of this module into insulin therapy decisions can facilitate glucose management around physical activity.
JOURNAL OF DIABETES SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Ninoschka C. D'Souza, Durmalouk Kesibi, Christopher Yeung, Dorsa Shakeri, Ashwin I. D'Souza, Alison K. Macpherson, Michael C. Riddell
Summary: The impact of age, sex, and exercise type on CGM measurements during exercise in healthy individuals has subtle but potentially important influence, with females having lower postexercise glycemia, younger individuals showing higher glucose levels during exercise, and resistance exercise resulting in less drop in glycemia.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Sarah M. McGaugh, Stephanie Edwards, Howard Wolpert, Dessi P. Zaharieva, Nany Gulati, Michael C. Riddell
Summary: We have developed an exercise advisor app to assist individuals with type 1 diabetes in managing their blood glucose levels during exercise. The app provides personalized recommendations based on evidence-based research and consensus guidelines, taking into account various factors to meet the needs of different types of activities.
JOURNAL OF DIABETES SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
(2022)