Article
Immunology
Christiana Franke, Caroline Ferse, Jakob Kreye, S. Momsen Reincke, Elisa Sanchez-Sendin, Andrea Rocco, Mirja Steinbrenner, Stefan Angermair, Sascha Treskatsch, Daniel Zickler, Kai-Uwe Eckardt, Rick Dersch, Jonas Hosp, Heinrich J. Audebert, Matthias Endres, J. Christoph Ploner, Harald Pruess
Summary: The study on critically ill COVID-19 patients presenting with unexplained neurological symptoms found that all patients showed anti-neuronal autoantibodies in serum or CSF, which may be related to clinical symptoms, particularly hyperexcitability. Several underlying autoantigens and their potential molecular mimicry with SARS-CoV-2 still need further identification.
BRAIN BEHAVIOR AND IMMUNITY
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Allison M. Plummer, Yvette L. Matos, Henry C. Lin, Sephira G. Ryman, Aleksandr Birg, Davin K. Quinn, Alisha N. Parada, Andrei A. Vakhtin
Summary: Approximately one third of non-hospitalized COVID-19 patients experience chronic symptoms after recovering from the acute stage. Cognitive issues, such as brain fog and deficits in executive function, working memory, attention, and processing speed, are common in these patients. The mechanisms behind these chronic cognitive sequelae are not yet understood, but may involve damage to cerebral blood vessels and the intestinal wall, as well as the production of neurotoxic substances in the gut due to post-COVID-19 dysbiosis.
FRONTIERS IN NEUROSCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Damilola D. Adingupu, Ateyeh Soroush, Ayden Hansen, Rosie Twomey, Jeff F. Dunn
Summary: This study used near-infrared spectroscopy to measure cerebral tissue oxygen saturation in individuals recovering from COVID-19. It found that 24% of patients experienced brain hypoxia, which was associated with reduced neurological function and quality of life. This suggests that brain hypoxia may be a common problem in convalescent individuals and could have implications for their overall health.
JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY
(2023)
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Domenico Nuzzo, Sonya Vasto, Luca Scalisi, Salvatore Cottone, Gaetano Cambula, Manfredi Rizzo, Daniela Giacomazza, Pasquale Picone
Summary: The emergence of the highly pathogenic coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 in China in December 2019 led to the global spread of COVID-19, causing devastating socio-economic impacts and necessitating a focus on vulnerable groups. Scientific evidence suggests the importance of monitoring symptoms following acute infection, with a significant number of patients experiencing neurological complications even after recovery.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Nelly Kanberg, Anna Grahn, Erika Stentoft, Daniel Bremell, Aylin Yilmaz, Marie Studahl, Staffan Nilsson, Michael Schoell, Johanna M. Gostner, Kaj Blennow, Henrik Zetterberg, Nikhil Padmanabhan, Rachel Cohen, Salvia Misaghian, Daniel Romero, Christopher Campbell, Anu Mathew, Mingyue Wang, George Sigal, Martin Stengelin, Arvid Eden, Magnus Gisslen
Summary: The study found no evidence of ongoing viral replication, immune activation, or CNS injury in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and plasma in patients recovering from COVID-19 with neurocognitive post-COVID condition (PCC). This suggests that neurocognitive PCC is a consequence of events suffered during acute COVID-19 rather than persistent viral CNS infection or residual CNS inflammation.
JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Tagore Nakornchai, Elena Conci, Anke Hensiek, J. William L. Brown
Summary: Telephone consultations in neurological outpatient settings are considered effective, convenient, and popular, especially in predesignated subgroups of patients with certain diseases. The majority of clinicians and patients achieved their consultation goals via telephone, and most patients found telephone consultations convenient.
POSTGRADUATE MEDICAL JOURNAL
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Ian Z. Z. Ong, Dennis L. L. Kolson, Matthew K. K. Schindler
Summary: With more and more patients recovering from SARS-CoV-2 infection, understanding the long-term neurological consequences of the disease is crucial for their care. The neurological complications, known as NC-PASC, include symptoms such as headaches, brain fog, and numbness/tingling, which many people experience long after the acute infection has resolved. Limited knowledge of disease mechanisms has hindered therapeutic efforts, but emerging reports and reviews aim to address these issues and explore potential clinical interventions.
Review
Virology
Niloufar Yazdanpanah, Nima Rezaei
Summary: COVID-19 pandemic is still ongoing a year after it started, with accumulating evidence showing late-onset autoimmune complications. Research suggests that COVID-19 may lead to autoimmune hemolytic anemia and other diseases, understanding the pathophysiology could help in developing appropriate treatments.
JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY
(2022)
Article
Sport Sciences
Garrett S. Bullock, Carolyn A. Emery, Vicki R. Nelson, Albert Prats-Uribe, Robert Gill Gilliland, Charles A. Thigpen, Ellen Shanley
Summary: This study aims to compare the concussion rates in high school athletes with and without a prior COVID-19 infection. The study found that athletes with a COVID-19 infection had a significantly higher concussion rate compared to those without an infection.
BRITISH JOURNAL OF SPORTS MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Nahid Abbasi Khoshsirat, Mostafa Qorbani, Ali Mokhtari Farivar, Sahar Mohammadpoor Nami, Nami Mohammadian Khonsari
Summary: During the COVID-19 pandemic, in-hospital mortality caused by neurological disorders significantly increased, with higher mortality rates seen in patients infected with COVID-19. Patients with minor strokes and other non-life-threatening ailments avoiding hospital care led to a significantly higher rate of critical conditions. Increased incidence of strokes and intracerebral hemorrhages during the pandemic also contributed to a significant rise in in-hospital mortality.
BRAIN AND BEHAVIOR
(2021)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Matthew McWilliam, Michael Samuel, Fadi Hasan Alkufri
Summary: A 61-year-old man with no significant medical history developed acute severe burning pain affecting his whole body and subsequently distally in the limbs after testing positive for SARS-CoV-2, with all tests showing normal results. His pain was inadequately controlled with pregabalin but improved while on a weaning regimen of steroids. This case highlights the variety of possible symptoms associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Review
Clinical Neurology
Takafumi Kubota, Naoto Kuroda
Summary: Patients with preexisting neurological disorders and COVID-19 may experience exacerbation of neurological symptoms and develop severe COVID-19. The risk of symptom exacerbation and severe COVID-19 should be recognized by clinicians, who should focus on prevention and early care for these patients.
CLINICAL NEUROLOGY AND NEUROSURGERY
(2021)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Tommaso Ercoli, Francesco Barbato, Luca Cuffaro, Francesco Iodice, Michele Romoli, Gioacchino Tedeschi, Alfredo Berardelli, Francesco Di Lorenzo, Alessandro Bombaci
Summary: The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in significant changes in neurological disease care and neurology training. Italian neurology residents expressed concerns about reduced hospital neurological beds, worsened patient management, and lack of funding for neurological care and research.
NEUROLOGICAL SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Alberto Romagnolo, Roberta Balestrino, Gabriele Imbalzano, Giovannino Ciccone, Franco Riccardini, Carlo Alberto Artusi, Marco Bozzali, Bruno Ferrero, Elisa Montalenti, Elisa Montanaro, Mario Giorgio Rizzone, Giovanna Vaula, Maurizio Zibetti, Leonardo Lopiano
Summary: This study evaluated the prevalence of neurological comorbidities in COVID-19 patients and found that neurological comorbidity is associated with COVID-19 severity. Patients with cerebrovascular diseases and cognitive impairment are particularly at higher risk for severe COVID-19.
JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY
(2021)
Article
Psychology, Multidisciplinary
Valeska Kozik, Philipp Reuken, Isabelle Utech, Judith Gramlich, Zoe Stallmach, Nele Demeyere, Florian Rakers, Matthias Schwab, Andreas Stallmach, Kathrin Finke
Summary: This study found that patients with post-COVID-19 syndrome (PCS) exhibit long-term cognitive dysfunction, particularly in delayed memory, attention, and executive functioning. Memory deficits appear to be particularly relevant to patients' experience of subjective impairment.
FRONTIERS IN PSYCHOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Jessica L. L. Rohmann, Marco Piccininni, Martin Ebinger, Matthias Wendt, Joachim E. E. Weber, Eugen Schwabauer, Frederik Geisler, Erik Freitag, Peter Harmel, Irina Lorenz-Meyer, Ira Rohrpasser-Napierkowski, Christian H. H. Nolte, Darius G. G. Nabavi, Ingo Schmehl, Axel Ekkernkamp, Matthias Endres, Heinrich J. J. Audebert
Summary: This study used data from the B_PROUD study in Berlin to examine the effect of additional mobile stroke unit (MSU) dispatch on functional outcomes among all stroke patients. The results showed that MSU dispatch was associated with improved 3-month functional outcomes, without any significant association with the primary disability scale or 7-day mortality.
ANNALS OF NEUROLOGY
(2023)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Xavier Boumaza, Baptiste Bonneau, Damien Roos-Weil, Carmela Pinnetti, Sebastian Rauer, Louisa Nitsch, Arnaud Del Bello, Ilijas Jelcic, Kurt-Wolfram Suehs, Jacques Gasnault, Yasemin Goreci, Oliver Grauer, Sharmilee Gnanapavan, Rebecca Wicklein, Nicolas Lambert, Thomas Perpoint, Martijn Beudel, David Clifford, Agnes Sommet, Irene Cortese, Guillaume Martin-Blondel
Summary: This study aimed to evaluate the real-world effectiveness of immune checkpoint inhibitors in the treatment of patients with progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML). Retrospective data from 79 PML patients who received immune checkpoint inhibitors were analyzed, and the results showed that mortality remained high and the development of inflammatory features or PML-IRIS was commonly observed. The study highlights the importance of personalized use of immune checkpoint inhibitors for PML patients.
ANNALS OF NEUROLOGY
(2023)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Hebun Erdur, Joachim E. Weber, Anselm Angermaier, Stephan Kinze, Ali Sotoodeh, Claudia Gorski, Kerstin Bollweg, Stefanie Ernst, Farid Kandil, Janina Behrens, Ramanan Ganeshan, Anne Keysers, Malgorzata Kotlarz-Boettcher, Daniel Peters, Ludwig Schlemm, Kirsten Stangenberg-Gliss, Carl Witt, Beata Hennig, Katrin C. Reber, Udo Schneider, Christiana Franke, Ingo Schmehl, Hans-Beatus Straub, Agnes Floeel, Sarah Theen, Matthias Endres, Tobias Kurth, Heinrich J. Audebert
Summary: Implementing a multicomponent system-of-care can reduce the risk of poor outcomes in stroke patients.
ANNALS OF NEUROLOGY
(2023)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Ann-Katrin Schild, Yasemin Goereci, Daniel Scharfenberg, Kim Klein, Joachim Luelling, Dix Meiberth, Finja Schweitzer, Sophie Stuermer, Philip Zeyen, Derya Sahin, Gereon R. Fink, Frank Jessen, Christiana Franke, Oezguer A. Onur, Josef Kessler, Clemens Warnke, Franziska Maier
Summary: The aim of this study was to assess the neuropsychological profile of patients with asymptomatic to mild/moderate acute COVID-19 disease. The study found that approximately 60% of participants reported cognitive deficits, particularly in the domains of learning/memory and executive functions. These deficits were associated with daytime sleepiness but not with depression, anxiety, sleep quality, general health status, or fatigue.
JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY
(2023)
Article
Health Care Sciences & Services
Anne Mueller, Kim Dillen, Thomas Dojan, Solveig Ungeheuer, Yasemin Goereci, Veronika Dunkl, Raymond Voltz, Peter Loecherbach, Clemens Warnke, Heidrun Golla
Summary: Care and case management is aimed at providing optimal care for patients and their caregivers. In the COCOS-MS study, a semistructured manual is being tested to facilitate a clear and systematic CCM process. The manual serves as a tool for long-term, cross-sectoral care for individuals with severe multiple sclerosis and their caregivers.
PROFESSIONAL CASE MANAGEMENT
(2023)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Martin W. Huemmert, Carlotta Stern, Friedemann Paul, Ankelien Duchow, Judith Bellmann-Strobl, Ilya Ayzenberg, Carolin Schwake, Ingo Kleiter, Kerstin Hellwig, Sven Jarius, Brigitte Wildemann, Makbule Senel, Achim Berthele, Katrin Giglhuber, Felix Luessi, Matthias Grothe, Luisa Klotz, Rasmus Schuelke, Stefan Gingele, Jurgen H. Faiss, Annette Walter, Clemens Warnke, Florian Then Bergh, Orhan Aktas, Marius Ringelstein, Jan-Patrick Stellmann, Vivien Haeussler, Joachim Havla, Hannah Pellkofer, Tania Kuempfel, Bruno Kopp, Corinna Trebst, Neuromyelitis Optica Study Grp
Summary: This study assessed cognitive performance in 217 NMOSD patients and found that a subset of patients showed impairment in visual processing speed and semantic fluency, regardless of antibody status. No significant changes were observed in cognitive function over a 2-year period.
MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Anika M. Hartmann, Marina D'Urso, Melanie Dell'Oro, Daniela A. Koppold, Nico Steckhan, Andreas Michalsen, Farid I. Kandil, Christian S. Kessler
Summary: This study compared the nutrient supply and dietary behaviors of rheumatoid arthritis patients on a plant-based diet combined with time-restricted eating (PBD + TRE) versus standard dietary recommendations. The results showed that both groups had similar energy, carbohydrate, sugar, fiber, and protein intake. However, the PBD + TRE group consumed less saturated fat but lower amounts of certain micronutrients compared to the standard diet group. The study suggests that more research is needed to define specific dietary recommendations for rheumatoid arthritis.
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Marco Piccininni, Tobias Kurth, Heinrich J. Audebert, Jessica L. Rohmann
Summary: The B_PROUD study aimed to evaluate the impact of mobile stroke unit (MSU) dispatch on ischemic stroke and transient ischemic attack (TIA) patients. However, a large proportion of patients did not receive MSU care despite being dispatched. The study found that receiving additional MSU care was associated with better functional outcomes compared to conventional care.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Daniela A. Koppold, Farid I. Kandil, Oliver Guettler, Anna Mueller, Nico Steckhan, Sara Meiss, Carolin Breinlinger, Esther Nelle, Anika M. Hartmann, Michael Jeitler, Etienne Hanslian, Jan Moritz Fischer, Andreas Michalsen, Christian S. Kessler
Summary: Preliminary clinical data suggest that fasting may be effective for pain reduction in different diagnoses. This observational study examined the effects of prolonged fasting on pain and functional parameters in patients with hip and knee osteoarthritis. The results showed that fasting as part of a multimodal integrative treatment program led to improvements in pain, quality of life, and disease-specific functional parameters. Further randomized controlled trials are needed to confirm these findings.
Letter
Immunology
Wan-Ju Cheng, Hong-Mo Shih, Kuan-Pin Su, Po-Ren Hsueh
BRAIN BEHAVIOR AND IMMUNITY
(2024)
Article
Immunology
Felipe Kenji Sudo, Talita P. Pinto, Fernanda G. Q. Barros-Aragao, Ivanei Bramati, Theo F. Marins, Marina Monteiro, Fernanda Meireles, Rejane Soares, Pilar Erthal, Victor Calil, Naima Assuncao, Natalia Oliveira, Joana Bondarovsky, Camila Lima, Beatriz Chagas, Alana Batista, Julia Lins, Thais L. Pinheiro, Felippe Mendonca, Andrea Silveira de Souza, Fernanda C. Rodrigues, Gabriel R. de Freitas, Pedro Kurtz, Paulo Mattos, Erika C. Rodrigues, Fernanda G. De Felice, Fernanda Tovar-Moll
Summary: Post-COVID-19 Condition (PCC) is a multisystemic syndrome that persists for months after SARS-CoV-2 infection, affecting cognitive function and neuropsychiatric features. A study on COVID-19 survivors in Brazil found that these patients experienced significant difficulties in overall cognition, memory, working memory, and inhibitory control, as well as fatigue, anxiety, and depressive symptoms. In addition, elevated levels of inflammatory markers in the blood were associated with brain microstructural damage and cognitive impairments.
BRAIN BEHAVIOR AND IMMUNITY
(2024)
Letter
Immunology
Tieh-Cheng Fu, Juei-Chao Chen, Ching-Mao Chang
BRAIN BEHAVIOR AND IMMUNITY
(2024)
Article
Immunology
Aastha Dheer, Dale B. Bosco, Jiaying Zheng, Lingxiao Wang, Shunyi Zhao, Koichiro Haruwaka, Min-Hee Yi, Abhijeet Barath, Dai-Shi Tian, Long-Jun Wu
Summary: Microglial activation plays a crucial role in the pathology of epilepsy, with both acute and prolonged activation affecting seizure severity and neuronal loss.
BRAIN BEHAVIOR AND IMMUNITY
(2024)
Article
Immunology
Julie B. Rosenberg, Jens Richardt Mollegaard Jepsen, Parisa Mohammadzadeh, Astrid Sevelsted, Rebecca Vinding, Mikkel E. Sorensen, David Horner, Kristina Aagaard, Birgitte Fagerlund, Susanne Brix, Nilofar Folsgaard, Ann -Marie M. Schoos, Jakob Stokholm, Bo Chawes, Christos Pantelis, Soren Dalsgaard, Birte Y. Glenthoj, Niels Bilenberg, Klaus Bonnelykke, Bjorn H. Ebdrup
Summary: Clinical data demonstrates a strong association between prenatal maternal inflammation assessed by hs-CRP and a diagnosis of ADHD by age 10. Maternal inflammation is also associated with ADHD symptom load in the entire cohort.
BRAIN BEHAVIOR AND IMMUNITY
(2024)
Article
Immunology
Suzanne M. Green-Fulgham, Michael J. Lacagnina, Kendal F. Willcox, Jiahe Li, Michael E. Harland, Adriano Polican Ciena, Igor R. Correia Rocha, Jayson B. Ball, Renee A. Dreher, Younus A. Zuberi, Joseph M. Dragavon, Marucia Chacur, Steven F. Maier, Linda R. Watkins, Peter M. Grace
Summary: Regular aerobic activity, specifically voluntary wheel running, can reduce the risk of chronic pain by inhibiting MAC and preserving myelin integrity at the site of peripheral nerve injury.
BRAIN BEHAVIOR AND IMMUNITY
(2024)
Article
Immunology
India Boyton, Stella M. Valenzuela, Lyndsey E. Collins-Praino, Andrew Care
Summary: Neuronanomedicine is a multidisciplinary field that aims to develop innovative nanotechnologies for the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders. Nanoparticles are an important component of neuronanomedicine, as they can improve drug properties and enhance safety and delivery across the blood-brain barrier. However, a major challenge for neuronanomedicine translation is the poor understanding of bio-nano interactions, partly due to inconsistent reporting in published works. This review provides specific recommendations to guide researchers in harnessing the unique properties of nanoparticles for breakthrough treatments of Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease.
BRAIN BEHAVIOR AND IMMUNITY
(2024)
Article
Immunology
Celine De Looze, Cathal McCrory, Aisling O'Halloran, Silvia Polidoro, Rose Anne Kenny, Joanne Feeney
Summary: Our study found that subjective measures of stress and biological metrics may be independently associated with cognitive function over time in older adults, hinting at potential different underlying mechanisms.
BRAIN BEHAVIOR AND IMMUNITY
(2024)
Article
Immunology
Beatrice Bravi, Elisa Maria Teresa Melloni, Marco Paolini, Mariagrazia Palladini, Federico Calesella, Laura Servidio, Elena Agnoletto, Sara Poletti, Cristina Lorenzi, Cristina Colombo, Francesco Benedetti
Summary: Depressed patients show changes in immune-inflammatory markers in their blood and cerebrospinal fluid. The Choroid Plexus, located at the base of the brain ventricles, plays a key role in regulating the exchange of substances between the brain and immune cells. Patients with bipolar disorder or major depressive disorder have larger Choroid Plexus volumes compared to healthy controls. Age and levels of circulating cytokines are associated with Choroid Plexus volumes in the clinical groups.
BRAIN BEHAVIOR AND IMMUNITY
(2024)
Article
Immunology
Mingxuan Zheng, Huaiyu Ye, Xiaoying Yang, Lijun Shen, Xuemei Dang, Xiaoli Liu, Yuying Gong, Qingyuan Wu, Li Wang, Xing Ge, Xiaoli Fang, Benchi Hou, Peng Zhang, Renxian Tang, Kuiyang Zheng, Xu-Feng Huang, Yinghua Yu
Summary: Obesity is linked to cognitive dysfunction and neurodegenerative disease. The connection between the gut microbiota and the brain is altered in obesity. The probiotic Clostridium butyricum can improve cognitive impairment caused by obesity and prevent gut microbiota dysbiosis and inflammation.
BRAIN BEHAVIOR AND IMMUNITY
(2024)
Article
Immunology
Edward Drydale, Phalguni Rath, Katie Holden, Gregory Holt, Laurissa Havins, Thomas Johnson, James Bancroft, Lahiru Handunnetthi
Summary: This study created a novel three-dimensional neurosphere assay using induced pluripotent stem cell differentiation and live cell imaging techniques to investigate the effect of a simulated viral infection on cortical development. The findings demonstrated that the infection led to reduced radial glial growth and neural migration.
BRAIN BEHAVIOR AND IMMUNITY
(2024)
Article
Immunology
Yuancheng Weng, Ningting Chen, Rui Zhang, Jian He, Xukai Ding, Guo Cheng, Qianqian Bi, Ying-mei Lu, Xiao Z. Shen, Shu Wan, Peng Shi
Summary: This study reveals that microglia is the primary cellular source of PDGFB in adults, and microglial PDGFB is crucial for maintaining BBB integrity in adult mice.
BRAIN BEHAVIOR AND IMMUNITY
(2024)
Article
Immunology
Evan A. Bordt, Haley A. Moya, Young Chan Jo, Caitlin T. Ravichandran, Izabella M. Bankowski, Alexis M. Ceasrine, Christopher J. Mcdougle, William A. Carlezon Jr, Staci D. Bilbo
Summary: There is a strong male bias in many neurodevelopmental disorders such as autism spectrum disorder, but the mechanisms behind this bias are unknown. Infection during the perinatal period increases the risk of neurodevelopmental disorders. Using a mouse model, researchers found that early-life immune activation only induced deficits in social behaviors in male mice. These behavioral changes were associated with alterations in microglial immune signaling, mitochondrial morphology, gene expression, and function specifically in microglia, the brain's innate immune cells. Furthermore, the vulnerability to early-life immune activation and its effects on behavior and microglial mitochondria were programmed by the male-typical perinatal gonadal hormone surge. These findings highlight the role of microglia-specific mechanisms shaped by early developmental events in regulating male social behavior throughout lifespan.
BRAIN BEHAVIOR AND IMMUNITY
(2024)
Article
Immunology
Maria Amalia Di Castro, Stefano Garofalo, Alessandro Mormino, Laura Carbonari, Erika Di Pietro, Eleonora De Felice, Myriam Catalano, Laura Maggi, Cristina Limatola
Summary: Cytokines, such as interleukin-15 (IL-15), play important roles in modulating the central nervous system (CNS). In this study, the authors found that exposure to IL-15 enhances GABA release and reduces glutamatergic currents in hippocampal slices. Chronic treatment with IL-15 has negative effects on memory formation. Serotonin is involved in mediating these effects, as a selective 5-HT3A receptor antagonist prevents the effects on inhibitory neurotransmission and improves performance in a memory test.
BRAIN BEHAVIOR AND IMMUNITY
(2024)
Article
Immunology
Nikhitha Sreenivas, Michael Maes, Hansashree Padmanabha, Apoorva Dharmendra, Priyanka Chakkera, Saptamita Paul Choudhury, Fazal Abdul, Thrinath Mullapudi, Vykuntaraju K. Gowda, Michael Berk, John Vijay Sagar Kommu, Monojit Debnath
Summary: Neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) are a spectrum of conditions with both common and differing characteristics in terms of phenome, symptomatome, neuropathology, risk factors and underlying mechanisms. This study investigates the possibility of a shared immune etiology among three early-onset NDDs, namely Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and Intellectual Disability Disorder (IDD).
BRAIN BEHAVIOR AND IMMUNITY
(2024)