Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Pratik Talukdar, Debankita Dutta, Elija Ghosh, Indrani Bose, Sourish Bhattacharjee
Summary: Nipah virus is a zoonotic disease transmitted by bats, causing severe respiratory illness and encephalitis. Multiple outbreaks have occurred in Malaysia and other countries, emphasizing the urgent need for clinical trials to establish prevention and treatment methods.
APPLIED BIOCHEMISTRY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Xiaoyan Huang, Yaohui Li, Ruihua Li, Shaoyan Wang, Lu Yang, Shuyi Wang, Ying Yin, Xiaodong Zai, Jun Zhang, Junjie Xu
Summary: The study demonstrates that recombinant vaccine candidates using replication-defective adenovirus vector to deliver NiV attachment glycoprotein can effectively induce specific humoral and cellular immune responses in mice. The Ad5-NiVGe vaccine candidate elicited the strongest immune responses after a single-dose immunization. Additionally, a potent conserved T-cell epitope shared by NiV and HeV was identified, providing valuable information on HNVs-specific cellular immunity mechanism.
FRONTIERS IN CELLULAR AND INFECTION MICROBIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Stuart P. Weisberg, Thomas J. Connors, Yun Zhu, Matthew R. Baldwin, Wen-Hsuan Lin, Sandeep Wontakal, Peter A. Szabo, Steven B. Wells, Pranay Dogra, Joshua Gray, Emma Idzikowski, Debora Stelitano, Francesca T. Bovier, Julia Davis-Porada, Rei Matsumoto, Maya Meimei Li Poon, Michael Chait, Cyrille Mathieu, Branka Horvat, Didier Decimo, Krystalyn E. Hudson, Flavia Dei Zotti, Zachary C. Bitan, Francesca La Carpia, Stephen A. Ferrara, Emily Mace, Joshua Milner, Anne Moscona, Eldad Hod, Matteo Porotto, Donna L. Farber
Summary: This study found distinct antibody responses in children and adults after SARS-CoV-2 infection. Adult COVID-19 cohorts showed a broader range of antibody responses, while children predominantly generated antibodies specific for the S protein and had reduced neutralizing activity compared to adults.
Review
Immunology
Beatriz Escudero-Perez, Philip Lawrence, Javier Castillo-Olivares
Summary: Correlates of protection (CoP) are biological parameters that predict a certain level of protection against an infectious disease. Well-established correlates of protection facilitate the development and licensing of vaccines by assessing protective efficacy without the need to expose clinical trial participants to the infectious agent. However, correlates of protection can vary considerably among the same virus family and even among a same virus depending on the infection phase.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Immunology
Gayatree Mishra, Vishal Prajapat, Debasis Nayak
Summary: Nipah virus (NiV) causes severe encephalitis in humans and has been circulating in South-Asian nations, including new strains reported in 2019. Sporadic outbreaks have been observed in Southeast Asian countries, raising concerns about human-to-human transmission and pandemic potential. Research activities have focused on developing and testing potential vaccine candidates, as well as discovering therapeutic monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). However, progress in finding antiviral drugs has been limited. Fast-tracking ongoing projects related to vaccine clinical trials and anti-NiV therapeutics is crucial.
Article
Immunology
Thomas P. Monath, Richard Nichols, Friederike Feldmann, Amanda Griffin, Elaine Haddock, Julie Callison, Kimberly Meade-White, Atsushi Okumura, Jamie Lovaglio, Patrick W. Hanley, Chad S. Clancy, Carl Shaia, Wasima Rida, Joan Fusco
Summary: Investigation was conducted on immune correlates of protection provided by PHV02, a recombinant vesicular stomatitis (rVSV) vector vaccine against Nipah virus (NiV) disease, in the African green monkey (AGM) model. It was concluded that neutralizing antibody is the principal mediator of protection against future NiV infection.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Immunology
Joao I. B. Goncalves, Thiago J. Borges, Ana Paula Duarte de Souza
Summary: This mini review describes the role of gut and lung microbiota in respiratory viral infection and vaccine-induced immune responses. Recent evidence suggests that the composition and function of the microbiota can modulate immune responses to respiratory viruses and interfere with vaccination protection. Modulating the microbiota composition may improve vaccine efficacy, and the use of prebiotics and probiotics as adjuvants has shown promising results.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Immunology
Lili Li, Yangyang Wei, Han Yang, Junyu Yan, Xin Li, Ziqian Li, Yuxiu Zhao, Hongyang Liang, Hui Wang
Summary: The development of universal coronavirus vaccines is crucial in the ongoing fight against COVID-19 and the potential future coronavirus pandemics, as it can effectively suppress multiple variants of concern and coronaviruses.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Emily S. Medina-Magues, Jaime Lopera-Madrid, Michael K. Lo, Christina F. Spiropoulou, Joel M. Montgomery, Lex G. Medina-Magues, Cristhian Salas-Quinchucua, Angela P. Jimenez-Mora, Jorge E. Osorio
Summary: This study characterized the immunogenicity and safety of poxvirus-based Nipah vaccines in mice. The vaccines induced high levels of neutralizing antibodies and specific immune responses in the lungs. The findings support the use of these vaccines as promising candidates to protect humans and animals from Nipah virus.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2023)
Article
Virology
Martin Mueller, Kerstin Fischer, Elisabeth Woehnke, Luca M. Zaeck, Christoph Proennecke, Michael R. Knittler, Axel Karger, Sandra Diederich, Stefan Finke
Summary: This study reveals that Nipah virus infection and spread in differentiated respiratory tract epithelial cells induces significant inflammation and immune response in pigs, which contributes to efficient airborne transmission between pigs.
Review
Microbiology
Hongzhao Li, Ji-Young V. Kim, Bradley S. Pickering
Summary: This article provides a concise update on the epidemiology of Hendra virus (HeV) and Nipah virus (NiV), two zoonotic pathogens that cause severe neurological and respiratory diseases. It discusses the natural reservoir hosts of these viruses, transmission pathways, and the role of intermediate hosts in disease spread.
FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Zhaoqian Wang, Ha Dang, Moushimi Amaya, Yan Xu, Randy Yin, Lianying Yan, Andrew C. Hickey, Edward J. Annand, Bethany A. Horsburgh, Peter A. Reid, Ina Smith, John-Sebastian Eden, Kai Xu, Christopher C. Broder, David Veesler
Summary: A new variant of Hendra virus, HeV-g2, with significant genetic divergence from the original strain, has been discovered in regions of Australia previously not considered at risk for HeV spillover. Despite the genetic differences, HeV-g2 retains similar receptor tropism and antigenic properties as the original strain. A tetravalent monoclonal antibody mixture has been formulated, capable of neutralizing both HeV and HeV-g2, providing a potential treatment option for HNV infections.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2022)
Article
Veterinary Sciences
Wenjun Zhu, Bradley Pickering, Greg Smith, Mathieu Pinette, Thang Truong, Shawn Babiuk, Darwyn Kobasa, Logan Banadyga, Ming Yang
Summary: A competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (cELISA) using a monoclonal antibody (mAb) and recombinant NiV glycoprotein (G) was developed and evaluated for the detection of Nipah virus and Hendra virus. The cELISA showed comparable or better results than the commonly used plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT), making it a suitable screening test for these viruses.
FRONTIERS IN VETERINARY SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Kiran K. Motwani, Jana G. Hashash, Francis A. Farraye, Michael D. Kappelman, Kimberly N. Weaver, Xian Zhang, Millie D. Long, Raymond K. Cross
Summary: Continuing immunosuppressive therapy in patients with inflammatory bowel disease during mRNA COVID-19 vaccination does not affect antibody response or breakthrough infection rate.
JOURNAL OF CROHNS & COLITIS
(2023)
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Yonghua Li, Zaib Ur Rehman, Mengjiao Li, Zahid Manzoor, Wei Liu, Xusheng Qiu, Yingjie Sun, Ying Liao, Lei Tan, Cuiping Song, Weiwei Liu, Shengqing Yu, Chan Ding, Chunchun Meng
Summary: The study found that under the pressure of genotype II and VII anti-NDV serum, variations in the F and HN genes of different NDV strains occurred, but there were no significant differences between the two serum groups.
Article
Veterinary Sciences
Roberta Saleri, Paolo Borghetti, Francesca Ravanetti, Valeria Cavalli, Luca Ferrari, Elena De Angelis, Melania Andrani, Paolo Martelli
Summary: The study found that specific types of SCFA supplementation have significant effects on cell viability, oxidative stress levels, and intestinal barrier function in IPEC-J2, with acetate and propionate performing particularly well in these aspects.
PORCINE HEALTH MANAGEMENT
(2022)
Article
Veterinary Sciences
Cristina Marchetti, Anna Maria Cantoni, Luca Ferrari, Giovanni Maria Pisani, Attilio Corradi
Summary: The increase in human population has resulted in frequent interactions with wild animals, sometimes leading to negative interactions. This study aims to investigate the cause and manner of death of wild animals and expand the concept of One Health by recognizing and describing suspected animal abuse. The research examined the cause and manner of death of 167 wild animals from 2015 to 2018 in Italy.
FRONTIERS IN VETERINARY SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Veterinary Sciences
M. Sibila, A. Llorens, E. Huerta, C. Fablet, M. Faderl, L. Ferrari, N. Rose, A. Palzer, P. Martelli, M. C. Venegas-Vargas, D. Fredrickson, L. Taylor, M. Balasch, M. Bandrick, J. Segales
Summary: This study assessed the levels of PCV-2-specific maternally-derived antibodies (MDA) in piglets born to sows vaccinated with different strategies in different European countries. The results showed that MDA titres were higher in younger piglets and varied among countries and sow vaccination strategies.
PORCINE HEALTH MANAGEMENT
(2022)
Article
Veterinary Sciences
Francesca Ravanetti, Roberta Saleri, Paolo Martelli, Melania Andrani, Luca Ferrari, Valeria Cavalli, Virna Conti, Alessio Pio Rossetti, Elena De Angelis, Paolo Borghetti
Summary: Currently, the main limitation for the use of adult differentiated chondrocytes in cell-based therapy and tissue engineering for the repair of articular cartilage is maintaining their state of differentiation during cell expansion. This study explores the effects of hypoxia and PL supplementation on chondrocyte differentiation in adult articular cartilage cells. The results show that hypoxia can reduce dedifferentiation and maintain differentiation during in vitro expansion, and PL supplementation has a positive effect on chondrocyte differentiation in association with hypoxia.
RESEARCH IN VETERINARY SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Veterinary Sciences
Elena De Angelis, Amelia Barilli, Roberta Saleri, Bianca Maria Rotoli, Francesca Ravanetti, Francesca Ferrari, Luca Ferrari, Paolo Martelli, Valeria Dall'Asta, Paolo Borghetti
Summary: Due to the importance of joint disease and ostearthritis (OA) in equine athletes, new regenerative treatments to improve articular cartilage repair are being explored. Research is focusing on preventing the de-differentiation of articular chondrocytes and promoting their re-differentiation through different strategies. Preliminary results suggest that osmolarity may play a role in maintaining chondrocyte differentiation in both 2D and 3D culture systems.
VETERINARY RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS
(2023)
Article
Veterinary Sciences
Elena Canelli, Luca Ferrari, Paolo Borghetti, Francesco Candela, Nkemjika Sopuru Abiakam, Annalisa Bianchera, Francesca Buttini, Gian Enrico Magi, Fabio Sonvico, Paolo Martelli, Ruggero Bettini
Summary: Nasal vaccination provides optimal protection against respiratory pathogens, and nanotechnology can enhance the effectiveness of mucosal vaccines. This study developed an innovative dry powder nasal vaccine using a solid carrier and a chitosan-coated nanoemulsion as an adjuvant.
FRONTIERS IN VETERINARY SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Veterinary Sciences
Melania Andrani, Paolo Borghetti, Francesca Ravanetti, Valeria Cavalli, Luca Ferrari, Elena De Angelis, Paolo Martelli, Roberta Saleri
Summary: This study evaluates the effect of short chain fatty acids (SCFA) on acute inflammation. The results show that acetate and propionate can protect the intestine from inflammation by regulating the expression and protein synthesis of tight junctions in intestinal epithelial cells.
PORCINE HEALTH MANAGEMENT
(2023)
Article
Veterinary Sciences
Livia De Paolis, Federico Armando, Vittoria Montemurro, Lucio Petrizzi, Paola Stratico, Samanta Mecocci, Chiara Guarnieri, Marzia Pezzolato, Floriana Fruscione, Benedetta Passeri, Giuseppe Marruchella, Elisabetta Razzuoli
Summary: This study describes a case of naturally occurring VSCC induced by EcPV2 in a Haflinger mare. The results suggest the occurrence of an epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) event within the neoplastic lesion.
EQUINE VETERINARY JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Oncology
Laura Mazzera, Manuela Abeltino, Guerino Lombardi, Anna Maria Cantoni, Stefano Jottini, Attilio Corradi, Micaela Ricca, Elena Rossetti, Federico Armando, Angelo Peli, Anna Ferrari, Giovanni Martinelli, Maria Teresa Scupoli, Carlo Visco, Massimiliano Bonifacio, Alessia Ripamonti, Carlo Gambacorti-Passerini, Antonio Bonati, Roberto Perris, Paolo Lunghi
Summary: Resistance to TKIs in Ph-positive variants of chronic myeloid leukemia is a clinical challenge. This study reveals a signaling loop driven by MEK1/2/BCR::ABL1/BCR/ABL1 that determines the efficacy of ATO in TKI-resistant leukemia. Pharmacological blockade of MEK1/2 restores anti-tumor activity and sensitizes leukemic cells to ATO.
Review
Veterinary Sciences
Federico Armando, Federico Mazzola, Luca Ferrari, Attilio Corradi
Summary: This review discusses the general concept of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and its regulation by various factors. It covers the role of transcription factors, microRNAs, reactive oxygen species, exosomes, microvesicles, and viruses in EMT. The review also examines EMT in embryonic development, fibrosis, and cancer metastasis, including discussions on the tumor microenvironment, pre-metastatic niches, and cancer stem cells. Additionally, it explores the use of EMT as a prognostic marker and provides insights into mesenchymal-epithelial transition (MET) in sarcomas. Therapeutic approaches for targeting EMT and MET are also addressed.
VETERINARY SCIENCES
(2023)