Review
Immunology
Sicong Yu, Keda Che, Lei Fang, Haiyan Mao, Xiuyu Lou, Chaonan Li, Yanjun Zhang
Summary: SARS-CoV-2, MERS-CoV, and SARS-CoV pose a great threat to humanity, and the development of vaccines is crucial in combating these coronaviruses. Different types of vaccines are being researched and developed, with studies on neutralizing antibodies helping to evaluate and analyze the effectiveness of the vaccines.
Article
Immunology
Gabriele Anichini, Chiara Terrosi, Gianni Gori Savellini, Claudia Gandolfo, Federico Franchi, Maria Grazia Cusi
Summary: The study found that healthy individuals vaccinated with the Comirnaty vaccine had significantly lower neutralizing antibody titers against the B.1.351 lineage, suggesting potential differences in protection levels among different SARS-CoV-2 lineages. No significant differences in neutralizing antibody titers were observed for the other two lineages.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Hong-Xing Pan, Jian-Kai Liu, Bao-Ying Huang, Gui-Fan Li, Xian-Yun Chang, Ya-Fei Liu, Wen-Ling Wang, Kai Chu, Jia-Lei Hu, Jing-Xin Li, Dan-Dan Zhu, Jing-Liang Wu, Xiao-Yu Xu, Li Zhang, Meng Wang, Wen-Jie Tan, Wei-Jin Huang, Feng-Cai Zhu
Summary: This study reported the immunogenicity and safety of an inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine, KCONVAC, in healthy adults. The vaccine demonstrated good tolerability and induced robust immune responses in both phase 1 and phase 2 trials.
CHINESE MEDICAL JOURNAL
(2021)
Review
Immunology
Qingrui Huang, Xiaonan Han, Jinghua Yan
Summary: The COVID-19 pandemic has led to devastating economic and public health consequences, prompting outstanding efforts from the scientific community and pharmaceutical companies to develop antibody-based therapeutics against SARS-CoV-2. Understanding the antibody neutralizing mechanisms at the molecular and structural levels is critical for optimizing effective antibody-based therapeutics and developing next-generation pan-coronavirus vaccines.
EMERGING MICROBES & INFECTIONS
(2022)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Peter Chen, Ajay Nirula, Barry Heller, Robert L. Gottlieb, Joseph Boscia, Jason Morris, Gregory Huhn, Jose Cardona, Bharat Mocherla, Valentina Stosor, Imad Shawa, Andrew C. Adams, Jacob Van Naarden, Kenneth L. Custer, Lei Shen, Michael Durante, Gerard Oakley, Andrew E. Schade, Janelle Sabo, Dipak R. Patel, Paul Klekotka, Daniel M. Skovronsky
Summary: LY-CoV555, a neutralizing antibody, showed promising results in reducing viral load, improving symptoms, and lowering the risk of hospitalization among patients with mild or moderate Covid-19. While one of the doses appeared to accelerate the decline in viral load, others did not show significant effects by day 11.
NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Vikram Srivastava, Ling Niu, Kruttika S. Phadke, Bryan H. Bellaire, Michael W. Cho
Summary: The study demonstrates that immunization with recombinant RBD antigen using different adjuvants can induce potent neutralizing antibodies against SARS-CoV-2, which is crucial for developing a COVID-19 vaccine. The results also show that adjuvants have a significant impact on the dynamics of antibody induction, antibody levels, avidity, and B-cell epitopes targeted by the immune system.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Bo Wang, Hua Xu, Zi-teng Liang, Tian-ning Zhao, Xin Zhang, Tian-bo Peng, You-chun Wang, Xiao-dong Su
Summary: In this study, a potent neutralizing antibody, BD-218, was identified through single-cell sequencing, biochemical methods, and pseudo-typed virus neutralization experiments. BD-218 binds to conserved regions across multiple SARS-CoV-2 variants, especially the beta, delta, and omicron variants. The cryo-EM structure of the BD-218/spike protein complex reveals a novel epitope on the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of the spike protein. BD-218 demonstrates high effectiveness and broad activity against SARS-CoV-2 variants, indicating promising therapeutic potential.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES
(2023)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Zhiyin An, Yu Zhang, Xiang Yu, Jia Xia, Yanan Yin, Guoming Li, Jing Lu, Xuemei Fan, Yingjie Xu
Summary: In this study, a new approach was developed to screen for broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs) from mRNA-vaccinated mice. By comparing different vaccination orders, it was found that the initially administered vaccine had a greater impact on the neutralizing potency of mouse sera. Ultimately, a strain of bnAb was screened that neutralized wild-type, Beta, and Delta SARS-CoV-2 pseudoviruses, and its neutralizing potency was verified. This study provides valuable insights for future antibody drug development.
Article
Immunology
Fei Liu, Canbin Feng, Shiqi Xu, Qiang Wu, Jian Tang, Yan Chen, Ruisheng Xu, Fuliang Chen, Ni Gao, Zhengzheng Xu, Shihui Gu, Yang Lan, Haibo Zhou, Xinde Hu, Xiaojing Wang
Summary: The COVID-19 pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 has resulted in catastrophic damage worldwide. Researchers have designed and developed an AAV-based vaccine that elicits strong and long-lasting immune responses against the RBD domain of the SARS-CoV-2 S protein, showing promising results in mice.
Article
Immunology
Haijun Tang, Long Gao, Zhao Wu, Fang Meng, Xin Zhao, Yun Shao, Guocun Hou, Xiaohong Du, F. Xiao-Feng Qin
Summary: The emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants, especially the variants of concern, has worsened the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. Mutations in the spike protein of the variants have the potential to alter the infectivity and antigenicity of SARS-CoV-2, allowing it to evade neutralizing antibodies. This study assessed the mutations in the spike protein of newly emerging variants and found significant changes in viral infectivity. Certain variants were able to infect less susceptible cells and complete the infection process in a shorter time. Neutralizing antibodies and vaccinated sera partially or completely failed to inhibit host cell entry mediated by the spike protein of certain variants. However, protease inhibitors and endocytosis inhibitors were still effective in blocking viral infection mediated by the variant spike proteins.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Jianglong Li, Qi Liu, Jun Liu, Zihui Fang, Liping Luo, Shuang Li, Yixin Lei, Zhi Li, Jing Jin, Ronglin Xie, Yucai Peng
Summary: The research team developed a series of vaccines to combat the variants of SARS-CoV-2, and found that the bivalent vaccine Delta/BA.5 combination provides broad spectrum immunity against all variants.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Taufik Momin, Kevinkumar Kansagra, Hardik Patel, Sunil Sharma, Bhumika Sharma, Jatin Patel, Ravindra Mittal, Jayesh Sanmukhani, Kapil Maithal, Ayan Dey, Harish Chandra, Chozhavel T. M. Rajanathan, Hari P. R. Pericherla, Pawan Kumar, Anjali Narkhede, Deven Parmar
Summary: The Phase 1 trial of ZyCoV-D DNA vaccine conducted in India showed that the vaccine is safe, well-tolerated, and immunogenic, warranting further investigation.
Article
Immunology
Federico Pratesi, Teresita Caruso, Davide Testa, Tiziano Tarpanelli, Alessandra Gentili, Davide Gioe, Paola Migliorini
Summary: The study found that the BNT162b2 vaccine can induce high levels of antibody response in vaccinated individuals, including IgG and IgA antibodies, as well as antibodies with high avidity. Additionally, the research indicates that levels of neutralizing antibodies significantly increase after the booster dose of the BNT162b2 vaccine.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Fabian Schmidt, Yiska Weisblum, Magdalena Rutkowska, Daniel Poston, Justin DaSilva, Fengwen Zhang, Eva Bednarski, Alice Cho, Dennis J. Schaefer-Babajew, Christian Gaebler, Marina Caskey, Michel C. Nussenzweig, Theodora Hatziioannou, Paul D. Bieniasz
Summary: The number and variability of neutralizing epitopes targeted by polyclonal antibodies in individuals who have recovered from SARS-CoV-2 or been vaccinated play a crucial role in determining the breadth of neutralization and the genetic barrier to viral escape. Studying HIV-1 pseudotypes and plasma selection experiments, it was found that human polyclonal antibodies target multiple neutralizing epitopes within and outside the receptor-binding domain, and antibody targets coincide with spike sequences enriched for diversity in natural SARS-CoV-2 populations. Combining plasma-selected spike substitutions led to the generation of 'polymutant' spike protein pseudotypes that resist neutralization by polyclonal antibodies to a similar extent as circulating variants of concern. Plasma from individuals who had been infected with SARS-CoV-2 and subsequently received mRNA vaccination was able to neutralize highly resistant SARS-CoV-2 variants, suggesting that optimally elicited polyclonal antibodies can provide protection against future SARS-CoV-2 variations and potential sarbecovirus pandemics.
Article
Infectious Diseases
Roberta Rizzo, Daria Bortolotti, Luca Morandi, Sabrina Rizzo, Giovanna Schiuma, Silvia Beltrami, Alberto Papi, Marco Contoli
Summary: This study reports the relevance of serum antibody levels and the immune response to SARS-CoV-2 vaccines. The findings show that booster dose induces enhanced humoral and adaptive immune responses and early activation of memory CD8+ T subset.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2022)
Article
Pathology
Li Lizhi, Huang Rongdong, He Shaohua, Kan Yingquan, Xu Huihuang, Lin Shan, Tang Kunbin, Xu Di
Summary: The meta-analysis demonstrated an association between TP53 mutations and poorer prognosis in patients with Wilms tumor.
FETAL AND PEDIATRIC PATHOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Virology
Rongdong Huang, Ruihuan Gan, Dongjuan Zhang, Jianxiong Xiao
Summary: This study found that the 2vHPV vaccine was associated with significantly more systemic adverse events compared to other vaccines and placebo, but no significant differences were observed in serious adverse events. Further research is needed to gather more information on the safety of HPV vaccines.
JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY
(2022)