Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Agoston Hamar, Kristof Filipanits, Alex Varadi, Rita Varadi-Racz, Henrietta Orsolya Gellen, Krisztina Futacs, Peter Urban, Gabor L. Kovacs, Katalin Gombos
Summary: The diagnostic performance of the SARS-CoV-2 rapid antigen detection testing (RADT) was evaluated in this study. The results showed that the test had low sensitivity and specificity, and it was suitable for patients with high infection prevalence and symptoms. In cases where there was a high risk of developing severe infection complications, parallel RT-qPCR testing was recommended to achieve accurate diagnosis.
FRONTIERS IN MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Pediatrics
Laura Gallardo-Alfaro, Patricia Lorente-Montalvo, Margarita Canellas, Eugenia Carandell, Antonio Oliver, Estrella Rojo, Beatriz Riera, Joan Llobera, Oana Bulilete, Alfonso Leiva, Anaida Obieta, Victoria Pascual, Pau Pericas, Carlos Raduan, Elsa Segura, Veronica Vega
Summary: A prospective diagnostic study was conducted in primary health care centers in Mallorca, Spain to evaluate the accuracy of the PanbioT Rapid Antigen Test for SARS-CoV-2. The study found that the test had higher sensitivity for patients referred by a general practitioner or pediatrician due to symptoms, compared to those who were asymptomatic or referred due to epidemiological exposure.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Marie Therese Ngo Nsoga, Ilona Kronig, Francisco Javier Perez Rodriguez, Pascale Sattonnet-Roche, Diogo Da Silva, Javan Helbling, Jilian A. Sacks, Margaretha de Vos, Erik Boehm, Angele Gayet-Ageron, Alice Berger, Frederique Jacquerioz-Bausch, Francois Chappuis, Laurent Kaiser, Manuel Schibler, Adriana Renzoni, Isabella Eckerle
Summary: In a high incidence setting in Switzerland, the study showed that using Panbio COVID-19 Ag Rapid Test on oropharyngeal swabs, if conducted by trained individuals and meeting quality standards, can meet the WHO criteria for Ag-RDTs (sensitivity >= 80% and specificity >= 97%).
Article
Virology
Felipe Perez-Garcia, Juan Romanyk, Pena Gomez-Herruz, Teresa Arroyo, Ramon Perez-Tanoira, Manuel Linares, Ines Perez Ranz, Andrea Labrador Ballestero, Helena Moya Gutierrez, Ma Jesus Ruiz-Alvarez, Juan Cuadros-Gonzalez
Summary: The study showed that both CerTest and Panbio Ag-RDTs demonstrated excellent specificity but lower sensitivity. Higher sensitivity was observed when Ct values were <25, while significantly lower sensitivity was noted with Ct >25. Samples taken within the first 5 days of symptom onset showed higher sensitivity for both tests. Both Ag-RDTs exhibited excellent agreement with each other and with PCR for samples with high viral loads or those taken within the first 5 days after symptom onset.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL VIROLOGY
(2021)
Article
Virology
Silvia Carbonell-Sahuquillo, Maria I. Lazaro-Carreno, Jorge Camacho, Ana Barres-Fernandez, Eliseo Albert, Ignacio Torres, Jose R. Breton-Martinez, Cecilia Martinez-Costa, David Navarro
Summary: The study evaluated the Panbio (TM) COVID-19 Ag Rapid Test Device as a point-of-care diagnostic tool for COVID-19 in a pediatric emergency department and found that the sensitivity and specificity of the assay were 70.5% and 100%, respectively.
JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY
(2021)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Eliseo Albert, Ignacio Torres, Felipe Bueno, Dixie Huntley, Estefania Molla, Miguel Angel Fernandez-Fuentes, Mireia Martinez, Sandrine Poujois, Lorena Forque, Arantxa Valdivia, Carlos Solano de la Asuncion, Josep Ferrer, Javier Colomina, David Navarro
Summary: The Panbio (TM) COVID-19 Ag Rapid Test Device performed well as a POC test for early diagnosis of COVID-19 in primary healthcare centres, with a specificity and sensitivity of 100% and 79.6% respectively. The negative predictive value of RAD was 99% and 97.9% under estimated prevalence of 5% and 10% respectively.
CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY AND INFECTION
(2021)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Ignacio Torres, Sandrine Poujois, Eliseo Albert, Javier Colomina, David Navarro
Summary: The Panbio COVID-19 Ag Rapid Test Device displayed low sensitivity in asymptomatic close contacts of COVID-19 patients, particularly in non-household contacts. However, establishing the optimal timing for upper respiratory tract collection in this group seems imperative to pinpoint test sensitivity.
CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY AND INFECTION
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Lisa J. Krueger, Mary Gaeddert, Frank Tobian, Federica Lainati, Claudius Gottschalk, Julian A. F. Klein, Paul Schnitzler, Hans-Georg Kraeusslich, Olga Nikolai, Andreas K. Lindner, Frank P. Mockenhaupt, Joachim Seybold, Victor M. Corman, Christian Drosten, Nira R. Pollock, Britta Knorr, Andreas Welker, Margaretha de Vos, Jilian A. Sacks, Claudia M. Denkinger
Summary: The Abbott PanBio antigen-detecting rapid diagnostic test (Ag-RDT) demonstrated good performance for SARS-CoV-2 testing, with higher sensitivity observed in samples with Ct values <25 and within the first seven days of symptom onset. The test was also rated as easy to use and suitable for point-of-care settings, confirming its WHO recommendation for Emergency Use in resource-limited environments.
Article
Virology
Felipe Perez-Garcia, Juan Romanyk, Helena Moya Gutierrez, Andrea Labrador Ballestero, Ines Perez Ranz, Javier Gonzalez Arroyo, Victoria Gonzalez Ventosa, Ramon Perez-Tanoira, Concepcion Domingo Cruz, Juan Cuadros-Gonzalez
Summary: Panbio and SD-Biosensor Ag-RDTs showed excellent agreement and diagnostic performance for samples with high viral loads (C-t <= 25) or samples within seven d.p.o. The sensitivity decreased with higher C-t values and days post onset of symptoms.
JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY
(2021)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Bilgin Osmanodja, Klemens Budde, Daniel Zickler, Marcel G. Naik, Joerg Hofmann, Maximilian Gertler, Claudia Huelso, Heike Roessig, Philipp Horn, Joachim Seybold, Stephanie Lunow, Melanie Bothmann, Astrid Barrera-Pesek, Manuel Mayrdorfer
Summary: A novel Ag-RDT for anterior nasal self-collection has been validated with high sensitivity and specificity, providing a valuable alternative for sample collection.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Oana Bulilete, Patricia Lorente, Alfonso Leiva, Eugenia Carandell, Antonio Oliver, Estrella Rojo, Pau Pericas, Joan Llobera
Summary: The study evaluated the accuracy of Panbio(TM) Ag-RDT in symptomatic patients and found it to perform relatively well in those presenting within five days of symptom onset. However, the data do not support the sole use of Panbio(TM) Ag-RDT in asymptomatic individuals.
JOURNAL OF INFECTION
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Wanwisa Deenin, Abdulhadee Yakoh, Umaporn Pimpitak, Ekawat Pasomsub, Sirirat Rengpipat, Gaston A. Crespo, Sudkate Chaiyo
Summary: In this study, a new highly sensitive and selective COVID-19 diagnostic device was developed by combining the principle of ATKs with electrochemical detection, allowing quantification using a smartphone. The device utilized a screen-printed electrode inside a lateral flow device to exploit the binding affinity between SARS-CoV-2 antigen and ACE2. Electrochemical assay signal intensity on smartphones increased proportionally to the concentration of SARS-CoV-2 antigen. The sensor demonstrated excellent performance in assessing and screening COVID-19 and can be used to accurately verify diagnostic data while remaining rapid, simple, and inexpensive.
BIOELECTROCHEMISTRY
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Roderick P. Venekamp, Irene K. Veldhuijzen, Karel G. M. Moons, Wouter van den Bijllaardt, Suzan D. Pas, Esther B. Lodder, Richard Molenkamp, Zsofi Igloi, Constantijn Wijers, Claudy Oliveira dos Santos, Sylvia B. Debast, Marjan J. Bruins, Khaled Polad, Carla R. S. Nagel-Imming, Wanda G. H. Han, Janneke H. H. M. van de Wijgert, Susan van den Hof, Ewoud Schuit
Summary: This study evaluated the performance of three main SARS-CoV-2 Ag-RDTs and found that their overall sensitivities were 69-75%. The sensitivity was lower among asymptomatic participants, and false-negative Ag-RDT participants had a high positivity rate during follow-up.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Paul K. Drain, Meagan Bemer, Jennifer F. Morton, Ronit Dalmat, Hussein Abdille, Katherine K. Thomas, Timsy K. Uppal, Derrick Hau, Heather R. Green, Marcellene A. Gates-Hollingsworth, David P. AuCoin, Subhash C. Verma
Summary: This diagnostic study assessed the accuracy of two rapid diagnostic tests for detecting SARS-CoV-2 across different variants. The results showed that both tests had reliable analytical and clinical performance data across the different variant phases. Therefore, home-based rapid antigen testing programs may play an important role in reducing the global transmission of SARS-CoV-2.
Article
Microbiology
Guojun Cao, Ke Lin, Jingwen Ai, Jianpeng Cai, Haocheng Zhang, Yiqi Yu, Qihui Liu, Xinyun Zhang, Yi Zhang, Zhangfan Fu, Jieyu Song, Hongyu Wang, Guanmin Yuan, Sen Wang, Ming Guan, Wenhong Zhang
Summary: LAMP-based virus nucleic acid rapid detection can effectively detect and isolate individuals infected with COVID-19 in the early stage, thereby preventing disease transmission.
FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Erica Billig Rose, Bryan O. Nyawanda, Patrick K. Munywoki, Nickson Murunga, Godfrey M. Bigogo, Nancy A. Otieno, Clayton Onyango, Sandra S. Chaves, Jennifer R. Verani, Gideon O. Emukule, Marc-Alain Widdowson, D. James Nokes, Susan Gerber, Gayle E. Langley
Summary: Understanding RSV circulation patterns in different counties of Kenya is essential for guiding the timing of vaccines. Kilifi and Siaya counties have consistent RSV seasonality, while Nairobi does not show a clear pattern. This information is crucial for informing the development of vaccines and immunoprophylaxis products.
INFLUENZA AND OTHER RESPIRATORY VIRUSES
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Ivy K. Kombe, Charles N. Agoti, Patrick K. Munywoki, Marc Baguelin, D. James Nokes, Graham F. Medley
Summary: Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) causes severe acute lower respiratory tract illness in children under 5 years old, particularly infants. Understanding the source of infant infections can guide vaccination strategies. The study highlights the significant role of pre-school and school-aged children in RSV transmission, making them potential vaccination targets.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Natalie Mazur, Yvette N. Lowensteyn, Joukje E. Willemsen, Christopher J. Gill, Leah Forman, Lawrence M. Mwananyanda, Dianna M. Blau, Robert F. Breiman, Shabir A. Madhi, Sana Mahtab, Emily S. Gurley, Shams El Arifeen, Nega Assefa, J. Anthony G. Scott, Dickens Onyango, Beth A. Tippet Barr, Karen L. Kotloff, Samba O. Sow, Inacio Mandomando, Ikechukwu Ogbuanu, Amara Jambai, Quique Bassat, Mauricio T. Caballero, Fernando P. Polack, Saad Omer, Abdul Momin Kazi, Eric A. F. Simoes, Ashish Satav, Louis J. Bont
Summary: The study investigated 829 RSV-related deaths in children under 1 year old from 38 developing countries, including 166 community deaths from 12 countries. It was found that infants who died in the community were younger at the time of death compared to those who died in the hospital. Neonatal deaths were also higher in the community than in hospitals.
CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2021)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Isaac Ngere, Jeanette Dawa, Elizabeth Hunsperger, Nancy Otieno, Moses Masika, Patrick Amoth, Lyndah Makayotto, Carolyne Nasimiyu, Bronwyn M. Gunn, Bryan Nyawanda, Ouma Oluga, Carolyne Ngunu, Harriet Mirieri, John Gachohi, Doris Marwanga, Patrick K. Munywoki, Dennis Odhiambo, Moshe D. Alando, Robert F. Breiman, Omu Anzala, M. Kariuki Njenga, Marc Bulterys, Amy Herman-Roloff, Eric Osoro
Summary: This study in Nairobi, Kenya estimated that over one-third of residents had been exposed to SARS-CoV-2 by November 2020, with seropositivity increasing in more densely populated areas. The infection fatality ratios (IFRs) also increased with age, being higher for individuals aged 60 years and older.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
My V. T. Phan, Charles N. Agoti, Patrick K. Munywoki, Grieven P. Otieno, Mwanajuma Ngama, Paul Kellam, Matthew Cotten, D. James Nokes
Summary: This study investigated the performance of routine virus diagnostics in Kilifi, Kenya, and found that viral next generation sequencing (viral NGS) can identify additional viruses and reveal failures in the diagnostic methods used. This method can provide actionable information to improve local pneumonia diagnostics.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2022)
Review
Infectious Diseases
Natalie Mazur, Jonne Terstappen, Ranju Baral, Azucena Bardaji, Philippe Beutels, Ursula J. Buchholz, Cheryl Cohen, James E. Crowe, Clare L. Cutland, Linda Eckert, Daniel Feikin, Tiffany Fitzpatrick, Youyi Fong, Barney S. Graham, Terho Heikkinen, Deborah Higgins, Siddhivinayak Hirve, Keith P. Klugman, Leyla Kragten-Tabatabaie, Philippe Lemey, Romina Libster, Yvette Lowensteyn, Asuncion Mejias, Flor M. Munoz, Patrick K. Munywoki, Lawrence Mwananyanda, Harish Nair, Marta C. Nunes, Octavio Ramilo, Peter Richmond, Tracy J. Ruckwardt, Charles Sande, Padmini Srikantiah, Naveen Thacker, Kody A. Waldstein, Dan Weinberger, Joanne Wildenbeest, Dexter Wiseman, Heather J. Zar, Maria Zambon, Louis Bont
Summary: Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a major cause of infant mortality and morbidity in older adults. Efforts are being made to develop RSV vaccines and immunoprophylaxis using various approaches, with 33 candidates currently in clinical development. Understanding antibody targets has led to more rational and structure-based vaccine design. An extended half-life monoclonal antibody for infants is expected to receive regulatory approval within a year. Other approaches include live-attenuated vaccines for older infants, subunit vaccines for pregnant women, and vector and nucleic acid vaccines for older adults. Ensuring access and affordability of RSV vaccines globally is a priority.
LANCET INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2023)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Caroline Ochieng, Jessica C. Chen, Mike Powel Osita, Lee S. Katz, Taylor Griswold, Victor Omballa, Eric. Ng'eno, Alice Ouma, Newton Wamola, Christine Opiyo, Loicer Achieng, Patrick K. Munywoki, Rene S. Hendriksen, Molly Freeman, Matthew Mikoleit, Bonventure Juma, Godfrey Bigogo, Eric Mintz, Jennifer R. Verani, Elizabeth Hunsperger, Heather A. Carleton
Summary: A high burden of Salmonella enterica subspecies enterica serovar Typhi (S. Typhi) bacteremia has been reported in urban informal settlements in sub-Saharan Africa. This study analyzed 310 S. Typhi isolates from typhoid fever surveillance in Kibera, Nairobi, Kenya over a 12-year period. Four main clades were identified, with the predominant clade showing a high prevalence of multidrug resistance genes. Understanding the genetic characteristics of S. Typhi strains can provide valuable insights for treatment and control strategies.
PLOS NEGLECTED TROPICAL DISEASES
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Yvette N. N. Lowensteyn, Joukje E. E. Willemsen, Natalie I. I. Mazur, Nienke M. M. Scheltema, Nynke C. J. van Haastregt, Amber A. A. ten Buuren, Ichelle van Roessel, Dunja Scheepmaker, Harish Nair, Peter M. M. van de Ven, Louis J. J. Bont
Summary: This study provides the first global case series of children dying with nosocomial RSV infection. Infant-targeted immunization strategies in the future could prevent the majority of nosocomial RSV-related deaths. Although nosocomial RSV deaths are expected to occur at highest rates in low- and lower-middle-income countries (LMICs), the reported number of these deaths was low in these countries. Hospital-based surveillance is needed to capture the full burden of nosocomial RSV mortality in LMICs.
PEDIATRIC INFECTIOUS DISEASE JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
James Wambua, Patrick K. Munywoki, Pietro Coletti, Bryan O. Nyawanda, Nickson Murunga, D. James Nokes, Niel Hens
Summary: This study investigated the seasonal determinants of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) in Kilifi County, Kenya. The results showed that maximum temperature, absolute humidity, and weekly number of births were significantly associated with RSV activity.
Article
Pediatrics
Xavier Carbonell-Estrany, Eric A. F. Simoes, Louis J. Bont, Angela Gentile, Nusrat Homaira, Marcelo Comerlato Scotta, Renato T. Stein, Juan P. Torres, Jarju Sheikh, Shobha Broor, Najwa Khuri-Bulos, D. James Nokes, Patrick K. Munywoki, Quique Bassat, Arun K. Sharma, Sudha Basnet, Maria Garba, Joanne De Jesus-Cornejo, Socorro P. Lupisan, Marta C. Nunes, Maduja Divarathna, John R. Fullarton, Barry S. Rodgers-Gray, Ian Keary, Mark Donald C. Renosa, Charl Verwey, David P. Moore, Faseeha Noordeen, Sushil Kabra, Marynea Silva do Vale, Rolando Paternina-De La Ossa, Cristina Marino, Josep Figueras-Aloy, Leonard Krilov, Eitan Berezin, Heather J. Zar, Krishna Paudel, Marco Aurelio Palazzi Safadi, Ghassan Dbaibo, Imane Jroundi, Runa Jha, Rukshan A. M. Rafeek, Rossiclei De Souza Pinheiro, Marianne Bracht, Rohitha Muthugala, Marcello Lanari, Federico Martinon-Torres, Ian Mitchell, Grace Irimu, Apsara Pandey, Anand Krishnan, Asuncion Mejias, Marcela Santos Correa da Costa, Shrijana Shrestha, Jeffrey M. Pernica, Felipe Cotrim de Carvalho, Rose E. Jalango, Hafsat Ibrahim, Atana Ewa, Gabriela Ensinck, Rolando Ulloa-Gutierrez, Alexandre Lopes Miralha, Maria Florencia Lucion, Md Zakiul Hassan, Zubair Akhtar, Mohammad Abdul Aleem, Fahmida Chowdhury, Pablo Rojo, Charles Sande, Abednego Musau, Khalequ Zaman, Luiza Helena, Falleiros Arlant, Prakash Ghimire, April Price, Kalpana Upadhyay Subedi, Helena Brenes-Chacon, Doli Rani Goswami, Mohammed Ziaur Rahman, Mohammad Enayet Hossain, Mohammod Jobayer Chisti, Nestor E. Vain, Audrey Lim, Aaron Chiu, Jesse Papenburg, Maria del Valle Juarez, Thamarasi Senaratne, Shiyamalee Arunasalam, Tor A. Strand, Adaeze Ayuk, Olufemi Ogunrinde, Lohanna Valeska de Sousa Tavares, Comfort Garba, Bilkisu I. Garba, Jeanette Dawa, Michelle Gordon, Eric Osoro, Charles N. Agoti, Bryan Nyawanda, Mwanajuma Ngama, Collins Tabu, Joseph L. Mathew, Andrew Cornacchia, Ganesh Kumar Rai, Amita Jain, Mateus Sfoggia Giongo, Bosco A. Paes
Summary: The burden of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection is high in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). A global survey was conducted to assess key needs for RSV prevention in LMICs and proposed seven key actions for improving RSV prevention and management in these countries.
FRONTIERS IN PEDIATRICS
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Bryan O. Nyawanda, Victor A. Opere, Joyce U. Nyiro, Elisabeth Vodicka, Jessica A. Fleming, Ranju Baral, Sadaf Khan, Clint Pecenka, Jorim O. Ayugi, Raphael Atito, James Ougo, Godfrey Bigogo, Gideon O. Emukule, Nancy A. Otieno, Patrick K. Munywoki
Summary: Little is known about the knowledge, attitudes, and perceptions of healthcare workers in Kenya regarding respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) disease and prevention. A cross-sectional survey revealed that most participants believed that pregnant women should be vaccinated against RSV and recommended that maternal and child health services play a key role in vaccination.
Article
Immunology
David C. Shih, Rachel Silver, Olga L. Henao, Aynalem Alemu, Allan Audi, Godfrey Bigogo, Josh M. Colston, Elijah P. Edu-Quansah, Timothy A. Erickson, Andargachew Gashu, G. Burgess Gbelee, Sarah M. Gunter, Margaret N. Kosek, Gorbee G. Logan, Joy M. Mackey, Adrianna Maliga, Russell Manzanero, Gerhaldine Morazan, Francis Morey, Flor M. Munoz, Kristy O. Murray, Thelma V. Nelson, Maribel Paredes Olortegui, Pablo Penataro Yori, Shannon E. Ronca, Francesca Schiaffino, Adamu Tayachew, Musse Tedasse, Mesfin Wossen, Denise R. Allen, Pawan Angra, Amanda Balish, Madeline Farron, Marta Guerra, Amy Herman-Roloff, Victoria J. Hicks, Elizabeth Hunsperger, Lilit Kazazian, Matt Mikoleit, Peninah Munyua, Patrick K. Munywoki, Angella Sandra Namwase, Clayton O. Onyango, Michael Park, Leonard F. Peruski, David E. Sugerman, Emily Zielinski Gutierrez, Adam L. Cohen
Summary: This study demonstrates the successful integration of SARS-CoV-2 testing into AFI surveillance in 5 low- to middle-income countries, to detect and respond to COVID-19. Existing AFI surveillance systems can help build capacity to detect and respond to both emerging and endemic infectious disease threats.
EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Juliet O. Awori, Alice Kamau, Susan Morpeth, Sidi Kazungu, Micah Silaba, Joyce Sande, Angela Karani, Sammy Nyongesa, Salim Mwarumba, Robert Musyimi, Anne Bett, Siti Wande, Mohammed Shebe, Mwanajuma Ngama, Patrick K. Munywoki, Neema Muturi, D. James Nokes, Daniel R. Feikin, David R. Murdoch, Christine Prosperi, Katherine L. O'Brien, Maria Deloria Knoll, Laura L. Hammitt, J. Anthony G. Scott
Summary: The study investigated the causes of severe childhood pneumonia in Kilifi, Kenya, and found that respiratory syncytial virus was the main cause of CXR-positive pneumonia, with a small contribution from Haemophilus influenzae type b and Streptococcus pneumoniae, possibly reflecting the impact of vaccine introductions in the population.
PEDIATRIC INFECTIOUS DISEASE JOURNAL
(2021)