Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Jian Lu, Jing Wu, Xueli Xia, Huiyong Peng, Shengjun Wang
Summary: RA is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by joint and systemic inflammation, with Tfh cells playing a crucial role in the pathogenesis of the disease and affecting disease activity.
CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR LIFE SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Fabienne Burger, Kapka Miteva, Daniela Baptista, Aline Roth, Rodrigo A. Fraga-Silva, Catherine Martel, Nikolaos Stergiopulos, Francois Mach, Karim J. Brandt
Summary: The study shows that follicular regulatory helper T cells (T-FR) can control regulatory B cell (B-REG) populations in mice models on a high-cholesterol diet, leading to the suppression of proatherogenic processes. This suggests that T-FR cells may have atheroprotective effects by modulating immune processes related to atherosclerosis.
CARDIOVASCULAR RESEARCH
(2021)
Review
Immunology
Nengqi Lin, Wei Yin, Heather Miller, Maria G. Byazrova, Andres A. Herrada, Kamel Benlagha, Pamela Lee, Fei Guan, Jiahui Lei, Quan Gong, Youqing Yan, Alexander Filatov, Chaohong Liu
Summary: Hepatitis B has become a major health threat worldwide, particularly in developing countries and regions. Infection with hepatitis B virus significantly increases the risk of liver diseases such as cirrhosis and cancer. The immune response against hepatitis B is mainly regulated by CD8+ T cells, which play a key role in fighting viral infections, while regulatory T cells prevent excessive immune response. Additionally, follicular T helper cells have a critical role in B-cell activation, proliferation, differentiation, and the formation of germinal centers. The development of hepatitis B virus is generally associated with immune system disorders or dysfunctions. This review focuses on the important functions and biological processes of regulatory T cells and follicular T helper cells during HBV infection.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Xindi Wei, Xiaoyin Niu
Summary: Tfh cells, a new subset of CD4+ T cells, mainly express CXCR5 and ICOS surface molecules, secrete IL-21, and require BCL-6 transcription factor. They exist in germinal centers (GCs) of lymphoid organs and peripheral blood, playing critical roles in B cell development, GC formation, and antibody production. Aberrant proliferation and function of Tfh cells contribute to autoimmune diseases, and they can potentially be used as therapeutic targets.
JOURNAL OF AUTOIMMUNITY
(2023)
Article
Cell Biology
Bradley Salvatore, Rachel S. Resop, Brent R. Gordon, Marta Epeldegui, Otoniel Martinez-Maza, Begona Comin-Anduix, Alex Lam, Ting-Ting Wu, Christel H. Uittenbogaart
Summary: Humoral immune response plays a crucial role in combating pathogens by producing specific antibodies. T follicular helper (TFH) cells contribute to both B-cell antibody production and HIV persistence. T follicular regulatory (TFR) cells, which suppress TFH cell function, exhibit similar surface markers. The increase in TFH cells observed in HIV infection may partially be due to an increase in TFR cells. Using multicolor flow cytometry, we identified peripheral blood TFH (pTFH) and peripheral blood TFR (pTFR) cells and found that the frequency of pTFH cells was higher in HIV-infected individuals. Additionally, pTFH cells expressed lower levels of CCR5, a key factor in HIV persistence. The constitutive expression of CCR5 in TFR cells indicates their potential contribution to HIV persistence.
Article
Rheumatology
Qinglian Jiang, Jiakai Wang, Hongkun Jiang, Wei Li, Yini Sun, Yu Shan, Tong Wei, Xuyang Chi, Shihan Yu, Xiaoxue Ma
Summary: This study found that Tph cells are increased in SLE patients and are strongly associated with disease activity and renal involvement. The synergy of IFN-alpha and IL-2 increases Tph cells through competitive transcriptional regulation, which could be one of the mechanisms responsible for pathological formation of ELSs.
Article
Immunology
Matthew T. T. Ollerton, Joy M. M. Folkvord, Andriana La Mantia, David A. A. Parry, Amie L. L. Meditz, Martin D. D. McCarter, Richard T. D'Aquila, Elizabeth Connick
Summary: Follicular helper CD4(+) T cells (TFH) are major sites of HIV replication, but follicular regulatory CD4(+) T cells (TFR) limit HIV replication by suppressing TFH through IL-2 restriction. TFR reduce TFH viability and HIV infected TFH, and IL-2 enhances TFH viability but decreases HIV replication in the presence of TFR.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Immunology
Hiroyuki Yoshitomi, Hideki Ueno
Summary: The interactions between CD4(+)T cells and B cells are crucial for antibody responses and autoimmune diseases. Recent studies identified a new subset of CD4(+)B helper T cells called peripheral helper T (Tph) cells, which provide help to B cells in inflamed tissues and share some functions with Tfh cells.
CELLULAR & MOLECULAR IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Immunology
Jingjing Qi, Chang Liu, Ziran Bai, Xia Li, Genhong Yao
Summary: Tfh cells and Tfr cells play crucial roles in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases, regulating B cell differentiation and antibody production by expressing specific surface markers and cytokines. Understanding the phenotype, differentiation, and function of these cells may provide insight into potential therapies targeting the balance of Tfh and Tfr cells.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Critical Care Medicine
Laura Bauer, Lisa Jasmin Mueller, Sarah M. Volkers, Frederik Heinrich, Mir-Farzin Mashreghi, Clemens Ruppert, Leif E. Sander, Andreas Hutloff
Summary: Pulmonary sarcoidosis is driven not only by T-helper type 1 cells and macrophages, but also by T follicular helper-like cells and germinal center-like reactions in the inflamed lung tissue. This new pathomechanism of active T-cell/B-cell cooperation and local production of potentially pathogenic antibodies should be taken into consideration for diagnosis and treatment.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY AND CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE
(2021)
Review
Immunology
Jinyong Choi, Shane Crotty
Summary: Follicular helper T cells play essential roles in various immune functions, with Bcl6 serving as a central regulator in TFH biology and other TFs potentially contributing. Advances in understanding Bcl6-mediated gene regulation and TFH modulation by other TFs may have significant implications in deciphering relevant diseases.
TRENDS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Pathology
Yoshiaki Kobayashi, Nozomu Kurose, Xin Guo, Akihiro Shioya, Morimasa Kitamura, Hiroyuki Tsuji, Sohsuke Yamada
Summary: This study investigated the immune responses and relationship between Tfh and Th1 cells in patients with Warthin tumours, finding that Tfh were involved in the formation and maintenance of lymphoid follicles in WTs. The cyst-type tumours exhibited more T-bet positive lymphocytes, suggesting a Th1-dominant cellular immune response causing damage to tumour tissue.
PATHOLOGY RESEARCH AND PRACTICE
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Lin Jin, Mahendra P. Kashyap, Yunjia Chen, Jasim Khan, Yuanyuan Guo, Jari Q. Chen, Madison B. Lee, Zhiping Weng, Allen Oak, Prasanth Patcha, Tiffany Mayo, Rajesh Sinha, Venkatram Atigadda, Shahid M. Mukhtar, Jessy S. Deshane, Chander Raman, Carly Elston, Boni E. Elewski, Craig A. Elmets, Mohammad Athar
Summary: Our research has identified that the eIF4F protein complex plays a crucial role in the development of HS and the regulation of follicular hyperproliferation. Specifically, Cyclin D1 and c-MYC, which are translational targets of eIF4F, contribute to the development of HS-associated KA. The unique spatial localization and functions of Cyclin D1 and c-MYC provide insights into the oncogenic transformation and differentiation of epithelial cells in HS lesions.
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Guangli Gu, Xiaodan Lv, Gengfeng Liu, Ruizhi Zeng, Shiquan Li, Lan Chen, Zhaoliang Liang, Huiqin Wang, Fei Lu, Lingling Zhan, Xiaoping Lv
Summary: The study found that Tnfaip6 secreted by BM-MSCs can alleviate IBD by inhibiting Tfh differentiation, promoting Tfr differentiation, and improving the imbalance of Tfh/Tfr in mice.
FRONTIERS IN PHARMACOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Kalliopi Ioannidou, Daba-Rokhya Ndiaye, Alessandra Noto, Craig Fenwick, Sotirios P. Fortis, Giuseppe Pantaleo, Constantinos Petrovas, Laurence de Leval
Summary: This study utilized a quantitative multiplexed immunofluorescence approach to comprehensively characterize Tfh cells in human tonsils and lymph nodes. Different subsets of Tfh cells were identified at tissue level based on differential expression of surface receptors and nuclear factors. Moreover, significant differences in Tfh cell profile signatures between health and disease were revealed.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)