Journal
JOURNAL OF OLEO SCIENCE
Volume 65, Issue 3, Pages 217-224Publisher
JAPAN OIL CHEMISTS SOC
DOI: 10.5650/jos.ess15256
Keywords
fish oil; basal cell carcinoma; eicosapentaenoic acid; docosahexaenoic acid; squamous cell carcinoma; immunomodulatory
Categories
Funding
- Center for Research and Instrumentation
- Faculty of Pharmacy Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia [ERGS/1/2013/SKK02/UKM/02/3]
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Fish oil is composed of various fatty acids among which omega-3 fatty acids are considered as most beneficial. The effects of fish oil on the activity of a topical anticancer drug, imiquimod, and the immunomodulatory activity of omega-3 fatty acids was investigated in human basal and squamous cell carcinoma cell lines. Imiquimod-fish oil mixture exhibited higher carcinoma cell growth inhibition and immunomodulatory activity than imiquimod alone, especially against squamous cell carcinoma cells. Omega-3 fatty acids exhibited growth inhibition of both basal cell and squamous cell carcinoma cell lines and modulated the immune response. Omega-3 fatty acids of fish oil serve as inducers of interleukin-10, an anti-inflammatory cytokine, and as suppressors of interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha, which not only depress tumor growth but also adequately control the inflammatory side effects of imiquimod. Thus, imiquimod administration with fish oil could be beneficial for inhibition of non-melanoma skin carcinoma cells but further in vivo studies are needed to understand their role in skin cancer.
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