Article
Energy & Fuels
Filipa Lima, Luis C. Branco, Armando J. D. Silvestre, Isabel M. Marrucho
Summary: This review article presents the use of deep eutectic solvents (DES) in removing sulfur pollutants from transportation fuels, highlighting the urgent need to reduce the impact of fossil fuels impurities on outdoor air pollution. A comparative evaluation with Ionic Liquids (ILs) shows that DES has advantages in extracting sulfur contaminants, but the efficiency gap between simulated matrices and real fuels is still a challenge to be addressed.
Review
Energy & Fuels
Suman Tahir, Umair Yaqub Qazi, Zubera Naseem, Noor Tahir, Muhammad Zahid, Rahat Javaid, Imran Shahid
Summary: The increasing energy consumption has led to a rise in sulfur emissions, causing economic and health issues, as well as impacting the efficiency of diesel engine emission control systems. To combat this, research is being conducted on various desulfurization technologies, including conventional methods like hydrodesulfurization and alternative processes such as adsorptive, extractive, oxidative, and bio-desulfurization. Factors such as DES selection, extraction temperature, extraction time, DES regeneration, and multistage extractions play a crucial role in the desulfurization efficiency, with deep eutectic solvents showing promise as a less toxic and more efficient alternative for extractive desulfurization.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Yue Liu, Jiaojiao Xue, Xin Zhou, Yingna Cui, Jingmei Yin
Summary: This study utilized carbon nanotubes as carrier, loading deep eutectic solvents for the removal of sulfides in fuel oil, achieving good results. This loading method preserved the advantages of deep eutectic solvents while overcoming some issues, with the mutual promotion interaction between DESs and CNTs having important theoretical significance and industrial application value.
ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE
(2021)
Review
Engineering, Environmental
Rashid Abro, Nusrat Kiran, Shoaib Ahmed, Atta Muhammad, Abdul Sattar Jatoi, Shaukat A. Mazari, Umme Salma, Natalia Plechkova
Summary: In the coming decades, the delivery of clean energy and its applications will be of utmost importance. Elimination of toxic emissions, particularly sulfur compounds, is essential for the survival of our planet. The use of extractive desulfurization (EDS) process with deep eutectic solvents (DESs) is a promising alternative to conventional hydrodesulfurization (HDS) technique. This review discusses the advantages and factors of EDS using DESs, as well as potential problems and flaws. DESs are recommended as preferable solvents for cleaner fuel oil production.
JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMICAL ENGINEERING
(2022)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Wei Jiang, Kun Zhu, Hao Jia, Linhua Zhu, Chao Wang, Lixian Xu, Hongping Li, Wenshuai Zhu, Huaming Li
Summary: A series of three-component deep eutectic solvents (DESs) were synthesized and used for extractive desulfurization and oxidation. One of the ternary DESs showed higher catalytic activity in the desulfurization reaction with a sulfur removal rate of up to 95.3%. The reaction mechanism was also investigated.
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING AND PROCESSING-PROCESS INTENSIFICATION
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Xingyao Wei, Dezhong Xie, Kaixuan Yang, Zhiguo Zhu, Ting Su, Wanzhong Ren, Chen Chen, Qiaohong Zhang, Hongying Lu
Summary: This study developed a metal-free biomimetic system using a functionalized ternary deep eutectic solvent (DES) containing N-hydroxyphthalimide (NHPI), p-toluene sulfonic acid (p-TsOH), and polyethylene glycol (PEG) for deep oxidative desulfurization. The NHPI/PEG4000/p-TsOH system exhibited excellent desulfurization activity, achieving 100% removal of dibenzothiophene (DBT) within 5 hours at 80°C. It is the first attempt to use a DES as an extraction agent, reaction medium, catalyst, and electron transfer mediator (ETM) simultaneously. Mechanistic studies revealed the dual function of NHPI in initiating the reaction and promoting oxygen activation, providing insights for future biomimetic system construction.
FUEL PROCESSING TECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Lixian Xu, Yaping Luo, Hui Liu, Jie Yin, Hongping Li, Wei Jiang, Wenshuai Zhu, Huaming Li, Hongbing Ji
Summary: A novel amide-based deep eutectic solvent (DES) was synthesized and applied for desulfurization of fuels, showing high efficiency. Experimental and theoretical studies revealed the mechanism of desulfurization by this DES.
JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR LIQUIDS
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Xiangyu Wang, Zhiheng Li, Xuhao Wang, Chongchong Wu, Ian D. Gates, Shuhai Guo, Bo Wu, Wei Zhu, Meixia Gu, Mingwei Gao, Dong Liu, Caili Dai
Summary: This study investigated the effect of hydrogen bond acceptors (HBAs) in deep eutectic solvents (DESs) on the desulfurization/denitrification of oil. The results showed that acid-base interactions enabled the complete removal of quinoline, while hydrogen bonding interactions effectively removed carbazole and DBT with the assistance of H2O2. Adding metal chlorides as HBAs further increased the desulfurization efficiency. Density functional theory (DFT) results confirmed the role of HBAs in regulating the interactions in DESs, which determined the desulfurization/denitrification performance.
JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR LIQUIDS
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Shengqin Guan, Zhiling Li, Baoen Xu, Juncheng Wu, Ning Wang, Juan Zhang, Jie Han, Taotao Guan, Jianlong Wang, Kaixi Li
Summary: A study on deep eutectic solvents (DESs) based on cyclodextrins (CDs) as extractants and catalysts for extraction combined with oxidative desulfurization (EODS) of fuel oil was conducted. The DESs showed high catalytic activity and resulted in a sulfur removal rate of 99.6% under optimal conditions. Peroxy-compounds were identified as the predominant active species, and the DESs based on CDs decreased the reaction barrier in the EODS process by 81%. The structural deformation of DBT was confirmed through observing the vibration of the interaction between DES and DBT.
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Mehran Rezaee, Farzaneh Feyzi, Mohammad Reza Dehghani
Summary: This study focused on the extractive desulfurization using Deep Eutectic Solvents (DES) as a new method for removing organosulfurs from hydrocarbon fuels. Two new DESs were synthesized and their structures were confirmed. Experimental results determined the optimal extraction temperature and the effect of fuel to DES mass ratio on extraction efficiency. Thermodynamic modeling using the Non Random Two Liquid (NRTL) activity coefficient model was implemented to predict ternary phase equilibrium data with high accuracy.
JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR LIQUIDS
(2021)
Article
Thermodynamics
Vijayalakshmi Gosu, Rohitash Kumar, Anantharaj Ramalingam, U. K. Arun Kumar, Amit Kumar Kashyap, Verraboina Subbaramaiah
Summary: The study found that TBAB-based DESs can effectively extract DBT from model gasoline, achieving an extraction rate of 89% by adjusting parameters.
JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL AND ENGINEERING DATA
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Lixian Xu, Hao Jia, Dongao Zhu, Fengkang Huan, Ruihong Liu, Wei Jiang, Wenshuai Zhu, Huaming Li
Summary: In this study, a series of ternary deep eutectic solvents were successfully synthesized and the deep desulfurization performance of these solvents was investigated. The results demonstrated that the hydrogen bonding interaction and the synergistic effect between boric acid and ZnCl2 played a positive role in the desulfurization reaction. Furthermore, the synthesized deep eutectic solvents showed potential for repeated use.
JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR LIQUIDS
(2022)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Shengqin Guan, Zhiling Li, Baoen Xu, Juncheng Wu, Jie Han, Taotao Guan, Jianlong Wang, Kaixi Li
Summary: This study presents a series of multi-catalytic active site DESs that have been screened through theoretical calculations and experiments. Under optimal conditions, the 5-Sulfosalicylic acid /3 formic acid DES shows a desulfurization efficiency of up to 99.8%. The functional groups in the DES were found to exhibit excellent catalytic activity, reducing the reaction barrier and enabling deep desulfurization. This research provides a new idea for the design of high-performing catalytic DESs.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Aditi Prabhune, Ranjan Dey
Summary: Deep Eutectic Solvents (DESs) have emerged as potential alternatives to conventional solvents in many industrial applications due to their safety, greenness, ease of preparation and wide range of applications.
JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR LIQUIDS
(2023)
Review
Energy & Fuels
Divyam Jha, Pranjal Maheshwari, Yugank Singh, Mohd Belal Haider, Rakesh Kumar, M. S. Balathanigaimani
Summary: Extractive desulfurization has been found to be one of the most effective methods for desulfurizing liquid fuels. The factors that affect desulfurization include temperature, oil/ionic liquid (IL)/deep eutectic solvent (DES) mass ratio, extraction time, initial sulfur content, mutual solubilities, multiple cycles, and regeneration of used solvents in the extractive desulfurization (EDS) process. The results of this study are significant for solvent selection and setting criteria for the EDS process.
JOURNAL OF THE ENERGY INSTITUTE
(2023)
