Journal
FUEL
Volume 305, Issue -, Pages -Publisher
ELSEVIER SCI LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.fuel.2021.121502
Keywords
Sulfur compounds; Deep eutectic solvents; Extractive desulfurization; Petroleum refining; Oxidative desulfurization; Ionic liquids
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The increasing energy consumption has led to a rise in sulfur emissions, causing economic and health issues, as well as impacting the efficiency of diesel engine emission control systems. To combat this, research is being conducted on various desulfurization technologies, including conventional methods like hydrodesulfurization and alternative processes such as adsorptive, extractive, oxidative, and bio-desulfurization. Factors such as DES selection, extraction temperature, extraction time, DES regeneration, and multistage extractions play a crucial role in the desulfurization efficiency, with deep eutectic solvents showing promise as a less toxic and more efficient alternative for extractive desulfurization.
Increase in the requirement of energy consumption has been followed by a consistent rise in sulfur emission with economic and health issues. Moreover, it considerably decreases the efficacy of developed emission control systems of diesel engines, thus ultimately harms the atmosphere. It leads to a strict sulfur discharge limit to approximately 15 ppm and sequentially served as a goal for investigating different desulfurization technologies. Hydrodesulfurization, a conventional refinery desulfurization process is operated at higher pressure and tem-perature, employing expensive catalysts and hydrogen gas. This review aims to consider the merits and demerits of main areas of the substitute desulfurization processes, comprising adsorptive, extractive, oxidative, and bio-desulfurization and comprehensively discuss the role of DESs emphasizing on the factors affecting in extractive and oxidative desulfurization. Different factors such as DESs selection, extraction temperature, extraction time, DESs regeneration, and multistage extractions are considered that affect the desulfurization efficiency. Deep eutectic solvents explored in 2001, a less toxic solvent have been keenly investigated as an alternative solvent for extractive desulfurization since 2013. DESs showed a higher capability for sulfur elimination. Low synthetic cost and economical raw materials, less solvent to feed ratio, and valuable green characteristics show DESs suitable for the desulfurization process.
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