4.7 Article

Immune response to SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant in patients and vaccinees following homologous and heterologous vaccinations

Journal

COMMUNICATIONS BIOLOGY
Volume 5, Issue 1, Pages -

Publisher

NATURE PORTFOLIO
DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-03849-0

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Funding

  1. University of Siena

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The study found that antibodies elicited by a triple homologous/heterologous vaccination regimen or following natural SARS-CoV-2 infection combined with a two-dose vaccine course have the highest neutralization capacity against the Omicron variant BA.1. COVID-19 patients show a significant reduction in Omicron-specific antibody response. Therefore, vaccinating COVID-19 survivors and providing booster doses of mRNA vaccines to vaccinees is the correct strategy to enhance antibody cross-protection against the Omicron variant BA.1.
Antibodies elicited by a triple homologous or heterologous vaccination regimen or following natural SARS-CoV-2 infection combined with a two-dose vaccine course, result in highest neutralization capacity against the Omicron variant BA.1. The SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant has rapidly replaced the Delta variant of concern. This new variant harbors worrisome mutations on the spike protein, which are able to escape the immunity elicited by vaccination and/or natural infection. To evaluate the impact and susceptibility of different serum samples to the Omicron variant BA.1, samples from COVID-19 patients and vaccinated individuals were tested for their ability to bind and neutralize the original SARS-CoV-2 virus and the Omicron variant BA.1. COVID-19 patients show the most drastic reduction in Omicron-specific antibody response in comparison with the response to the wild-type virus. Antibodies elicited by a triple homologous/heterologous vaccination regimen or following natural SARS-CoV-2 infection combined with a two-dose vaccine course, result in highest neutralization capacity against the Omicron variant BA.1. Overall, these findings confirm that vaccination of COVID-19 survivors and booster dose to vaccinees with mRNA vaccines is the correct strategy to enhance the antibody cross-protection against Omicron variant BA.1.

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