Article
Chemistry, Analytical
James C. L. Chow, Sama Jubran
Summary: This study examined the depth dose enhancement in orthovoltage nanoparticle-enhanced radiotherapy for skin treatment by investigating the impact of various photon beam energies, nanoparticle materials, and nanoparticle concentrations. It found that gold nanoparticles outperformed other materials, with a maximum dose enhancement ratio of 3.77 at a concentration of 40 mg/mL. Increasing nanoparticle concentration and decreasing photon beam energy were found to increase dose enhancement.
Article
Oncology
Elena Vlastou, Evaggelos Pantelis, Efstathios P. Efstathopoulos, Pantelis Karaiskos, Vasileios Kouloulias, Kalliopi Platoni
Summary: This study investigates the dose enhancement effect of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) under different irradiation conditions. The results suggest that a significant dose increase can be achieved, especially at close distances to AuNPs.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Ngoc Han Huynh, James C. L. Chow
Summary: This study investigated the effectiveness of cancer cell killing by gold nanoparticles in proton radiation, showing that the dose enhancement ratio increases with smaller nanoparticle size, shorter distance to DNA, and lower proton beam energy. The maximum dose enhancement ratio (1.83) was achieved with a 25 nm-radius gold nanoparticle, irradiated by a 0.5 MeV proton beam and located 30 nm away from the DNA.
APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Maria A. Kolyvanova, Alexandr V. Belousov, Grigorii A. Krusanov, Alexandra K. Isagulieva, Kirill V. Morozov, Maria E. Kartseva, Magomet H. Salpagarov, Pavel V. Krivoshapkin, Olga V. Dement'eva, Victor M. Rudoy, Vladimir N. Morozov
Summary: This study investigated the ability of different high atomic number metal and metal oxide nanoparticles to enhance absorbed dose, with gold showing the highest dose enhancement factor and HfO2 and Ta2O5 being the most versatile in terms of coordinate regions. The findings underscore the importance of carefully planning radiation exposure when high-Z nanoparticles are present.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Lukas R. H. Gerken, Alexander Gogos, Fabian H. L. Starsich, Helena David, Maren E. Gerdes, Hans Schiefer, Serena Psoroulas, David Meer, Ludwig Plasswilm, Damien C. Weber, Inge K. Herrmann
Summary: Nanoparticles can serve as radioenhancers in radiation therapy. This research investigates the dose enhancement capabilities of various nanoparticles based on their metal core composition and beam characteristics, providing design criteria for their optimal performance in specific radiotreatments.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Saeed Rajabpour, Hassan Saberi, Javad Rasouli, Nasrollah Jabbari
Summary: This study evaluated the impact of different physical interaction models on dose calculations and radiochemical results around gold nanoparticles (GNPs). The results showed that the Livermore and Penelope models had similar performances in simulating GNP-enhanced proton therapy.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2022)
Article
Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
Martin P. Martinov, Elizabeth M. Fletcher, Rowan M. Thomson
Summary: This study investigates the dose-enhancement effect of gold nanoparticles in radiotherapy using Monte Carlo simulations. The results show that the arrangement of gold nanoparticles, gold concentration, and photon energy significantly affect the dose enhancement factors at the nucleus and cytoplasm levels.
Article
Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
Martin P. P. Martinov, Elizabeth M. M. Fletcher, Rowan M. M. Thomson
Summary: This study used multiscale Monte Carlo simulations to evaluate variations in cytoplasm and nucleus dose enhancement factors over tumor volumes. The results showed that cell/nucleus size, gold particle distribution, gold concentration, and cell position in the tumor all had significant effects on the dose. This highlights the importance of choosing the proper computational model and accounting for intrinsic variations in cell/nucleus size and gold concentration when simulating gold nanoparticle dose-enhanced radiation therapy.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Hamid Reza Baghani, Shiva Nasrollahi
Summary: The study evaluated and compared the efficacy of different clinically recommended nanoparticle types in dose enhancement during low-kV IORT using a Monte Carlo simulation approach. Results showed that Bismuth nanoparticles had the most desirable efficacy in dose enhancement within the target region.
RADIATION PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Biomedical
Robert H. W. van Dijk, Nick Staut, Cecile J. A. Wolfs, Frank Verhaegen
Summary: This study proposes a novel deep learning pipeline for denoising preclinical kV dose distributions. The model achieves high precision dose distributions by using low precision Monte Carlo dose calculations, Monte Carlo uncertainty and mass density maps as additional inputs. The proposed model reduces computation time significantly and shows promising results in accuracy.
PHYSICS IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Rajesh Regmi, Dominic Maes, Alexander Nevitt, Allison Toltz, Erick Leuro, Jonathan Chen, Lia Halasz, Ramesh Rengan, Charles Bloch, Jatinder Saini
Summary: The study presents a pencil beam scanning (PBS)-based ocular treatment solution. It introduces the design, commissioning, and validation of an applicator mount for a conventional PBS snout to enable ocular treatments. PBS-based ocular therapy allows for inverse planning and accurate dose calculations in the presence of heterogeneities and fiducials.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Langping Tu, Kefan Wu, Yongshi Luo, Enhui Wang, Jun Yuan, Jing Zuo, Ding Zhou, Bin Li, Jiajia Zhou, Dayong Jin, Hong Zhang
Summary: Relatively low efficiency is the bottleneck for the application of lanthanide-doped upconversion nanoparticles. The high-level doping strategy realized in recent years has not improved the efficiency as much as expected. This study combines theoretical simulation and spectroscopy to elucidate the role of cross relaxation (CR) in the upconversion process and demonstrates that inhibiting CR significantly improves upconversion efficiency.
ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
O. L. Acuna-Gomez, H. M. Garnica-Garza
Summary: This study aims to determine if the x-ray radiation scattered from an irradiated object in mammography contains imaging information that could confirm the presence of tumoral masses and calcifications without further exposing the patient. Through Monte Carlo simulations, it was found that directional scatter images can provide useful information in corroborating the presence of tumoral masses despite the presence of high noise.
RADIATION PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY
(2022)
Article
Biology
Mostafa Robatjazi, Hamid Reza Baghani, Atefeh Rostami, Ali Pashazadeh
Summary: This study evaluated and compared the dose enhancement factor (DEF) and biological effectiveness of common nanoparticles for radiosensitization using Monte Carlo simulation codes. The results showed that different nanoparticles had varying degrees of DEF at different photon energies, with silver (Ag), gadolinium (Gd), and bismuth (Bi) nanoparticles exhibiting the highest enhancements. Iron (Fe) nanoparticles had the lowest biological effectiveness values among the studied nanoparticles. Gold (Au), silver (Ag), and platinum (Pt) nanoparticles showed great potential as radiosensitizers compared to others.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RADIATION BIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
Ruirui Liu, Shuangyue Zhang, Tianyu Zhao, Joseph A. O'Sullivan, Jeffrey F. Williamson, Tyler Webb, Mariela Porras-Chaverri, Bruce Whiting
Summary: Through Monte Carlo simulations, this study investigated the impact of various factors on scatter radiation distribution in a CT scanner, with findings showing that ASG significantly reduces scatter radiation while BTF modestly modulates scatter. Scatter radiation increases with phantom size, despite deployment of ASG and BTF. The study also highlights the importance of incorporating detector array collimation impact into signal formation models for accurate material property characterization in CT.
Editorial Material
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
James C. L. Chow
Article
Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine
Carlos Aparicio, Waldemar D. Polido, James Chow, Ruben Davo, Bilal Al-Nawas
Summary: This study reports the effectiveness of two new site-specific zygomatic implants placed using the zygoma anatomy-guided approach (ZAGA). The results show a 100% implant/prosthesis survival rate and low complication levels, suggesting that ZAGA-Flat and ZAGA-Round zygomatic implants are viable treatment options for restoring atrophic maxillae.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF IMPLANT DENTISTRY
(2022)
Article
Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
H. S. Chung, J. C. H. Chow, M. H. C. Lam, R. K. C. Ngan, K. H. Wong
Summary: The clinicopathological features and survival outcomes of young females with breast cancer in Hong Kong were reviewed. The study found that these patients tend to have aggressive breast cancer and are often diagnosed at an advanced stage. Breast cancer in young Asian women may have different phenotypes compared to Western patients, emphasizing the need for further investigation. Multimodality treatments may improve survival rates.
HONG KONG JOURNAL OF RADIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
T. Tsui, K. M. Cheung, J. C. H. Chow, K. H. Wong
Summary: The study found that age, patient performance status, and pre-treatment hemoglobin level are important factors in predicting 90-day mortality in HNC patients, and the Adult Comorbidity Evaluation-27 (ACE-27) and the Taipei Medical University-concurrent chemoradiotherapy Mortality Predictor Score (TMU-CCRT) are the most significant predictors.
HONG KONG JOURNAL OF RADIOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Oncology
James C. H. Chow, Anne W. M. Lee, Charlene H. L. Wong, Wai Tong Ng, Zhiwei Liu, Joshua K. Tay, Kwok Seng Loh, Pia Pace-Asciak, Oded Cohen, June Corry, Juan Pablo Rodrigo, Raymond K. Y. Tsang, Fernando Lopez, Nabil F. Saba, Remco de Bree, Alfio Ferlito
Summary: In endemic areas of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), individuals with a positive family history (FH+) and positive Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) status have a higher risk of developing NPC. Familial screening using EBV serology may aid in the early detection of NPC.
Article
Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
E. Y. H. Chuk, J. C. H. Chow, K. M. Cheung, S. S. W. Tse, R. C. Y. Ho, H. Y. Wong, A. N. Y. Yeung, K. H. Wong
Summary: The study found that pretreatment lymphocyte count is closely associated with prognosis in cervical cancer patients in Hong Kong, with lower lymphocyte count being linked to poorer overall survival and recurrence-free survival.
HONG KONG JOURNAL OF RADIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Anna Gagliardi, Rob H. C. Chen, Himani S. Boury, Mathieu Albert, James Chow, Ralph DaCosta, Michael Hoffman, Behrang Keshavarz, Pia Kontos, Jenny Liu, Mary Pat McAndrews, Stephanie Protze
Summary: This study aimed to identify and prioritize measures for assessing research quality and impact. The results identified 50 measures organized in 8 domains. It also found a set of measures that comply with the principles of DORA.
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
James C. L. Chow, Sama Jubran
Summary: This study examined the depth dose enhancement in orthovoltage nanoparticle-enhanced radiotherapy for skin treatment by investigating the impact of various photon beam energies, nanoparticle materials, and nanoparticle concentrations. It found that gold nanoparticles outperformed other materials, with a maximum dose enhancement ratio of 3.77 at a concentration of 40 mg/mL. Increasing nanoparticle concentration and decreasing photon beam energy were found to increase dose enhancement.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Hoang T. P. Hung, Pham Nhu Tuyen, Duong Thanh Tai, Ha Quoc Long, Abdelmoneim Sulieman, Hiba Omer, Nissren Tamam, Abdullah Almujally, James C. L. Chow, Ting-Yim Lee
Summary: This study aims to estimate the occupational radiation exposure for workers in the Nuclear Medicine department of Da Nang Oncology Hospital, Vietnam. The results showed that the average radiation exposure in 2020 and 2021 was below the occupational dose limits, although some measurement points revealed higher doses. It is recommended to continuously monitor the occupational dose to ensure the safety of personnel in the department.
JOURNAL OF RADIATION RESEARCH AND APPLIED SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Health Policy & Services
Himani Boury, Mathieu Albert, Robert H. C. Chen, James C. L. Chow, Ralph DaCosta, Michael M. Hoffman, Behrang Keshavarz, Pia Kontos, Mary Pat McAndrews, Stephanie Protze, Anna R. Gagliardi
Summary: Based on prior research, we have identified and prioritized ten research performance assessment measures that comply with the San Francisco Declaration on Research Assessment. This study explores potential barriers to implementing and adopting these measures, given the shift away from assessment based on Journal Impact Factor.
HEALTH RESEARCH POLICY AND SYSTEMS
(2023)
Editorial Material
Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence
James C. L. Chow, Leslie Sanders, Kay Li
FRONTIERS IN ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
(2023)
Article
Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence
James C. L. Chow, Leslie Sanders, Kay Li
Summary: This article introduces a method to develop an educational chatbot for disseminating information on radiotherapy. The chatbot is designed with a dialogue tree and layered structure, incorporating features such as natural language processing. It provides humanlike communication and accurate responses to users, and requires regular updates to provide new content and features.
Article
Health Care Sciences & Services
Nathanael Rebelo, Leslie Sanders, Kay Li, James C. L. Chow
Summary: This study developed a virtual assistant, a chatbot, using artificial intelligence and machine learning techniques to comprehensively and accurately explain the radiation treatment process, providing information for patients, their families, and the general public. The bot performed well in testing and can be improved and updated based on user feedback.
JMIR FORMATIVE RESEARCH
(2022)
Meeting Abstract
Oncology
William C. Cho, Ka-Po Tse, Kien-Thiam Tan, Wah Cheuk, James C. Chow, Ka M. Cheung, Shu-Jen Chen
Meeting Abstract
Oncology
William C. Cho, Ka-Po Tse, Kien-Thiam Tan, Wah Cheuk, James C. Chow, Ka M. Cheung, Shu-Jen Chen