Effects of Initial Perturbations in the Early Moments of an Explosive Dispersal of Particles

Recent experiments have shown that when a dense layer of solid particles surrounding a high-energy reactive material is explosively dispersed, the particles cluster locally leading to jetlike patterns. The formation of these coherent structures has yet to be fully understood and is believed to have its origin in the early moments of the explosive dispersal. This paper focuses on the early moments of an explosive dispersal of particles. In particular, the effect of initial perturbations on both the gas and particulate phase is investigated, considering heavy particles with a low initial particle volume fraction. Two-dimensional simulations are carried out, and results suggest that a distinctive heterogeneity in the form of a single wavelength perturbation in the rapidly expanding detonation products does not have a significant impact on the early evolution of neither the gas phase nor the cloud of particles. In contrast, the equivalent distinctive heterogeneity in the initial particle volume fraction distribution lingers for the duration of our simulations. Developing instabilities in the gas phase and at the inner-and outer-most front of the particle bed display a dominant wavelength equal to the wavelength of the initial perturbation in the particle volume fraction.