Current understanding of metformin effect on the control of hyperglycemia in diabetes

Metformin Action: Concentrations Matter

(2015) Ling He et al.   Cell Metabolism

Metformin activates a duodenal Ampk–dependent pathway to lower hepatic glucose production in rats

(2015) Frank A Duca et al.   NATURE MEDICINE

Metformin Activates AMP-activated Protein Kinase by Promoting Formation of the αβγ Heterotrimeric Complex

(2014) Shumei Meng et al.   JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY

Low Concentrations of Metformin Suppress Glucose Production in Hepatocytes through AMP-activated Protein Kinase (AMPK)

(2014) Jia Cao et al.   JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY

Potential biomarker of metformin action

(2014) Ling He et al.   JOURNAL OF ENDOCRINOLOGY

Metformin suppresses gluconeogenesis by inhibiting mitochondrial glycerophosphate dehydrogenase

(2014) Anila K. Madiraju et al.   NATURE

AMP Is a True Physiological Regulator of AMP-Activated Protein Kinase by Both Allosteric Activation and Enhancing Net Phosphorylation

(2013) Graeme J. Gowans et al.   Cell Metabolism

An increase in theAkkermansiaspp. population induced by metformin treatment improves glucose homeostasis in diet-induced obese mice

(2013) Na-Ri Shin et al.   GUT

Short-Chain Fatty Acids Activate AMP-Activated Protein Kinase and Ameliorate Ethanol-Induced Intestinal Barrier Dysfunction in Caco-2 Cell Monolayers

(2013) Elhaseen E. Elamin et al.   JOURNAL OF NUTRITION

Biguanides suppress hepatic glucagon signalling by decreasing production of cyclic AMP

(2013) Russell A. Miller et al.   NATURE

Single phosphorylation sites in Acc1 and Acc2 regulate lipid homeostasis and the insulin-sensitizing effects of metformin

(2013) Morgan D Fullerton et al.   NATURE MEDICINE

Celastrol, an NF-κB Inhibitor, Improves Insulin Resistance and Attenuates Renal Injury in db/db Mice

(2013) Jung Eun Kim et al.   PLoS One

Gut Microbiota from Twins Discordant for Obesity Modulate Metabolism in Mice

(2013) V. K. Ridaura et al.   SCIENCE

Metformin improves healthspan and lifespan in mice

(2013) Alejandro Martin-Montalvo et al.   Nature Communications

Management of hyperglycaemia in type 2 diabetes: a patient-centered approach. Position statement of the American Diabetes Association (ADA) and the European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD)

(2012) S. E. Inzucchi et al.   DIABETOLOGIA

Reciprocal Phosphorylation of Yeast Glycerol-3-Phosphate Dehydrogenases in Adaptation to Distinct Types of Stress

(2012) Y. J. Lee et al.   MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR BIOLOGY

AMPK: a nutrient and energy sensor that maintains energy homeostasis

(2012) D. Grahame Hardie et al.   NATURE REVIEWS MOLECULAR CELL BIOLOGY

Physical Exercise Reduces Circulating Lipopolysaccharide and TLR4 Activation and Improves Insulin Signaling in Tissues of DIO Rats

(2011) Alexandre G. Oliveira et al.   DIABETES

Structure of mammalian AMPK and its regulation by ADP

(2011) Bing Xiao et al.   NATURE

AMPK Is a Direct Adenylate Charge-Regulated Protein Kinase

(2011) J. S. Oakhill et al.   SCIENCE

Use of Cells Expressing γ Subunit Variants to Identify Diverse Mechanisms of AMPK Activation

(2010) Simon A. Hawley et al.   Cell Metabolism

Role of KLF15 in Regulation of Hepatic Gluconeogenesis and Metformin Action

(2010) M. Takashima et al.   DIABETES

Metformin Activates AMP Kinase through Inhibition of AMP Deaminase

(2010) Jiangyong Ouyang et al.   JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY

Metformin sensitizes insulin signaling through AMPK-mediated pten down-regulation in preadipocyte 3T3-L1 cells

(2010) Soo Kyung Lee et al.   JOURNAL OF CELLULAR BIOCHEMISTRY

Metformin inhibits hepatic gluconeogenesis in mice independently of the LKB1/AMPK pathway via a decrease in hepatic energy state

(2010) Marc Foretz et al.   JOURNAL OF CLINICAL INVESTIGATION

Emulsified lipids increase endotoxemia: possible role in early postprandial low-grade inflammation

(2010) Fabienne Laugerette et al.   JOURNAL OF NUTRITIONAL BIOCHEMISTRY

Metformin and Insulin Suppress Hepatic Gluconeogenesis through Phosphorylation of CREB Binding Protein

(2009) Ling He et al.   CELL

Metformin Associated With Lower Cancer Mortality in Type 2 Diabetes: ZODIAC-16

(2009) G. W.D. Landman et al.   DIABETES CARE

Inactivation of NF-κB p50 Leads to Insulin Sensitization in Liver through Post-translational Inhibition of p70S6K

(2009) Zhanguo Gao et al.   JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY

Butyrate Enhances the Intestinal Barrier by Facilitating Tight Junction Assembly via Activation of AMP-Activated Protein Kinase in Caco-2 Cell Monolayers

(2009) Luying Peng et al.   JOURNAL OF NUTRITION

Structural insight into the autoinhibition mechanism of AMP-activated protein kinase

(2009) Lei Chen et al.   NATURE

Changes in Gut Microbiota Control Metabolic Endotoxemia-Induced Inflammation in High-Fat Diet-Induced Obesity and Diabetes in Mice

(2008) P. D. Cani et al.   DIABETES

Metformin inhibits TNF-α-induced IκB kinase phosphorylation, IκB-α degradation and IL-6 production in endothelial cells through PI3K-dependent AMPK phosphorylation

(2008) Nan-Lan Huang et al.   INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CARDIOLOGY

β2-Integrin-induced p38 MAPK Activation Is a Key Mediator in the CD14/TLR4/MD2-dependent Uptake of Lipopolysaccharide by Hepatocytes

(2008) Melanie J. Scott et al.   JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY

Comparison of gene expression changes induced by biguanides in db/db mice liver

(2008) Masayuki Heishi et al.   JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES

Upper intestinal lipids trigger a gut–brain–liver axis to regulate glucose production

(2008) Penny Y. T. Wang et al.   NATURE