Article
Immunology
Ron Dagan, Qin Jiang, Christine Juergens, James Trammel, William C. Gruber, Daniel A. Scott
Summary: This study found that carrier-induced hyporesponsiveness to PCVs is common among infants, varies by serotype, and is influenced by the timing of carriage acquisition and the number of PCV doses administered. The immune response was consistently lower for certain serotypes carried before or at the time of vaccination, while other serotypes did not generally affect immune responses. Additionally, the study identified a complex interrelationship between carriage and immune response among cross-reacting serotypes.
CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2021)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Karin Hansen, Elisabeth Runow, Gustav Torisson, Christian Theilacker, Andreas Palmborg, Kaijie Pan, Qin Jiang, Jo Southern, Rohini Beavon, Bradford D. Gessner, Kristian Riesbeck, Jonas Ahl
Summary: The serotype distribution and potential coverage of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs) in adults with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) in Sweden were unknown. This study found that PCV20 expands the coverage of all-cause CAP compared to PCV13, indicating its potential effectiveness in preventing CAP caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae.
FRONTIERS IN PUBLIC HEALTH
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Joseph A. Lewnard, Noga Givon-Lavi, Ron Dagan
Summary: The study analyzed the effectiveness of PCV in protecting children against pneumonia caused by different vaccine-targeted pneumococcal serotypes in southern Israel. The results showed that PCV could effectively reduce carriage of vaccine-serotype pneumococci and decrease the risk of disease progression.
CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2021)
Article
Microbiology
Lucia Fernandez-Delgado, Jordi Camara, Aida Gonzalez-Diaz, Immaculada Grau, Hisashi Shoji, Fe Tubau, Sara Marti, Ma Angeles Dominguez, Jordi Carratala, Jose Yuste, Carmen Ardanuy
Summary: The study in Spain from 2011 to 2019 showed differences in serotype distribution and antimicrobial resistance between age groups and types of pneumococcal pneumonia. Serotypes 3, 19A, 8, and 11A were the most common, with differences in resistance patterns observed based on age and infection type. Vaccine coverages in the recent years ranged from 32% to 69%, highlighting the importance of continuing surveillance and research on the impact of new conjugate vaccines for pneumococcal disease.
Article
Immunology
Liping Huang, Matt Wasserman, Lindsay Grant, Raymond Farkouh, Vincenza Snow, Adriano Arguedas, Erica Chilson, Reiko Sato, Johnna Perdrizet
Summary: The addition of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs) to the US national immunization program has significantly reduced the incidence, mortality, and economic burden of pneumococcal disease (PD) caused by specific serotypes. However, there is still a clinical and economic burden due to PD caused by serotypes not included in the current PCV formulation. The recent approval of 15-valent and 20-valent PCVs in the US provides additional serotype coverage and has the potential to address this unmet need and reduce the burden of PD.
Article
Immunology
Kristina L. Bajema, Ryan Gierke, Monica M. Farley, William Schaffner, Ann Thomas, Arthur L. Reingold, Lee H. Harrison, Ruth Lynfield, Kari E. Burzlaff, Susan Petit, Meghan Barnes, Salina Torres, Paula M. Snippes Vagnone, Bernard Beall, Tamara Pilishvili
Summary: The incidence of antibiotic-nonsusceptible invasive pneumococcal disease (NS-IPD) has decreased in the United States after the introduction of 7- and 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs). However, there has been an increase in nonvaccine type NS-IPD, particularly among older adults. The use of higher valency PCVs containing the common nonsusceptible serotypes could help further reduce NS-IPD.
JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Julia L. Raboba, Vonintsoa L. Rahajamanana, Emilson P. R. Andriatahirintsoa, Ainamalala C. Razafindrakoto, Andry M. Andrianarivelo, Marcellin Nimpa Mengouo, Yolande Vuo Masembe, Goitom G. Weldegebriel, Linda de Gouveia, Jason M. Mwenda, Annick L. Robinson
Summary: The study assessed the impact of PCV10 on pneumococcal serotypes in children under 5 years in Madagascar. It found that the introduction of PCV10 led to a decrease in meningitis caused by S. pneumoniae and PCV10 vaccine serotypes. The research results show that PCV10 vaccine lowered the incidence of meningitis.
JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2021)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Claire von Mollendorf, Mukhchuluun Ulziibayar, Bradford D. Gessner, Lien Anh Ha Do, Cattram D. Nguyen, Rohini Beavon, Bujinlkham Suuri, Dashtseren Luvsantseren, Dorj Narangerel, Adam Jenney, Eileen M. Dunne, Catherine Satzke, Badarchiin Darmaa, Tuya Mungun, E. Kim Mulholland
Summary: This study describes the protocol developed in Mongolia to evaluate the association between childhood PCV13 vaccination and trends in adult pneumonia. By initiating active hospital-based surveillance for adult pneumonia, the study aims to assess the impact of PCV13 introduction on adult pneumonia incidence and related data, contributing to a better understanding of the public health impact of the vaccine.
Article
Immunology
Carlos A. Sanchez, Michelle Lozada-Urbano, Pablo Best-Bandenay
Summary: This study analyzed the impact of conjugated pneumococcal vaccines (PCVs) on pneumonia mortality among young children in Peru. The results showed a decrease in pneumonia mortality rates for children between 1-4 years of age and infants after the introduction of PCVs. There was an inflection point in 2013 for infants, but not for toddlers/preschoolers, suggesting a difference in the impact of PCVs for each age group.
Article
Microbiology
Andrea Orsi, Alexander Domnich, Stefano Mosca, Matilde Ogliastro, Laura Sticchi, Rosa Prato, Francesca Fortunato, Domenico Martinelli, Fabio Tramuto, Claudio Costantino, Vincenzo Restivo, Vincenzo Baldo, Tatjana Baldovin, Elizabeth Begier, Christian Theilacker, Eva Agostina Montuori, Rohini Beavon, Bradford Gessner, Giancarlo Icardi
Summary: This study aimed to assess the serotype-specific epidemiology of pneumococci among hospitalized older adults in Italy. The prevalence of pneumococcal infection among hospitalized CAP cases was 13.1%, with serotypes 3, 8, 22F, and 11A being the most common. PCV20, which includes these serotypes, plays an important role in preventing pneumonia in older adults.
Article
Microbiology
Erika Kurihara, Kenichi Takeshita, Saori Tanaka, Noriko Takeuchi, Misako Ohkusu, Haruka Hishiki, Naruhiko Ishiwada
Summary: We conducted a study of 34 cases of pediatric pneumococcal meningitis reported after the introduction of the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) in Japan. Our results revealed that non-PCV13 serotypes were the main cause of pneumococcal meningitis in children, and all cases with sequelae and death were caused by non-PCV13 serotypes. Furthermore, all penicillin-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae strains (26.5%; 9/34) belonged to non-PCV13 serotypes. We also analyzed the antimicrobial susceptibilities of isolated S. pneumoniae strains to glycopeptides, linezolid, and daptomycin. All tested strains were susceptible to vancomycin, teicoplanin, linezolid, and daptomycin, with daptomycin showing the best outcome. Pneumococcal meningitis in children remains an ongoing challenge, and monitoring the serotype and antimicrobial susceptibility of strains is crucial for informing treatment strategies.
MICROBIOLOGY SPECTRUM
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Xueqing Wu, Shanshan Zhao, Yan Jiang, Xi Xiang, Lihong Ge, Qiong Chen, Yanfei Wang, Jorge E. Vidal, Yunsong Yu
Summary: This study evaluated the impact of interrupted PCV availability on pneumococcal pneumonia and genetic variation of Streptococcus pneumoniae. The findings showed that interrupted PCV availability affected the prevalence of pneumococcal disease and pneumococcal genome variation.
EMERGING MICROBES & INFECTIONS
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Brayan E. Gonzales, Erik H. Mercado, Franco Castillo-Tokumori, Andrea E. Montero, Alessandra Luna-Muschi, Madhelli Marcelo-Ragas, Francisco Campos, Eduardo Chaparro, Olguita Del Aguila, Maria E. Castillo, Andres Saenz, Isabel Reyes, Roger Hernandez, Theresa J. Ochoa
Summary: This study aimed to determine the frequency of Streptococcus pneumoniae nasopharyngeal carriers, serotypes, and antimicrobial resistance in healthy children in Lima, Peru, after the introduction of PCV13, and compare the results with a previous study conducted before the introduction of PCV7. The study found that the introduction of PCV13 resulted in a decrease in pneumococcal nasopharyngeal carriage and the frequency of PCV13 serotypes, but an increase in non-PCV13 serotypes and antimicrobial resistance.
Article
Immunology
Carlo Casanova, Marianne Kuffer, Stephen L. Leib, Markus Hilty
Summary: In Switzerland during the first six months of 2021, the incidence of invasive pneumococcal disease rebounded as COVID-19 measures were relaxed, with the emergence of non-vaccine type serotype 23B which is associated with reduced susceptibility to penicillin. This highlights the importance of monitoring and addressing potential changes in disease patterns in the context of ongoing public health crises.
EMERGING MICROBES & INFECTIONS
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Lindsay R. Grant, Mary P. E. Slack, Christian Theilacker, Jelena Vojicic, Stephane Dion, Ralf Rene Reinert, Luis Jodar, Bradford D. Gessner
Summary: The distribution of pneumococcal serotypes in children from high-income countries has been examined. Much of the burden of invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) is caused by serotypes in PCV15 and PCV20; including these pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs) into existing pediatric immunization programs may help reduce the incidence of IPD.
CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2023)
Article
Pediatrics
Dhruba Shrestha, Manoj Krishna Shrestha, Ganendra Bhakta Raya, Anuj Bhattachan, Kentaro Hayashi, Koya Ariyoshi, Christopher M. Parry, Bhim Gopal Dhoubhadel
PAEDIATRICS AND INTERNATIONAL CHILD HEALTH
(2018)
Article
Microbiology
Satoshi Kakiuchi, Motoi Suzuki, Bhim Gopal Dhoubhadel, Akitsugu Furumoto, Hiroyuki Ito, Kei Matsuki, Yoshiko Tsuchihashi, Norichika Asoh, Michio Yasunami, Koya Ariyoshi, Konosuke Morimoto
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY
(2018)
Article
Immunology
Ikkoh Yasuda, Motoi Suzuki, Bhim Gopal Dhoubhadel, Mayumi Terada, Akira Satoh, Eiichiro Sando, Tomoko Hiraoka, Masaki Kurihara, Nobuo Matsusaka, Fumitaka Kawahara, Koya Ariyoshi, Konosuke Morimoto
Article
Environmental Sciences
Hironori Nishikawa, Chris Fook Sheng Ng, Lina Madaniyazi, Xerxes Tesoro Seposo, Bhim Gopal Dhoubhadel, Dhiraj Pokhrel, Amod K. Pokhrel, Sharat Chandra Verma, Dhruba Shrestha, Ganendra Bhakta Raya, Masahiro Hashizume
Summary: The study found a short-term association between PM2.5 and pediatric ARI, with overweight children showing a higher risk increase after short-term exposure.
Article
Infectious Diseases
Bhim Gopal Dhoubhadel, Ujjwal Laghu, Raju Poudel, Konosuke Morimoto, Koya Ariyoshi
Summary: Cryptococcal meningitis is rare but has a high mortality rate in immunocompetent children. Congenital heart disease, such as ventricular septal defect (VSD), may serve as a predisposing factor for the disease. The CrAg test is more sensitive than other methods and should be the first line of investigation in suspected cases.
CASE REPORTS IN INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Haruka Maeda, Nobuo Saito, Ataru Igarashi, Masayuki Ishida, Kazuya Suami, Ai Yagiuchi, Yuya Kimura, Masaru Komino, Hiromi Arai, Toru Morikawa, Iori Motohashi, Rei Miyazawa, Tetsu Moriyama, Hiroshi Kamura, Mayumi Terada, Osamu Kuwamitsu, Tomoichiro Hayakawa, Eiichiro Sando, Yasuji Ohara, Osamu Teshigahara, Motoi Suzuki, Konosuke Morimoto
Summary: This multicenter test-negative case-control study in Japan found that mRNA COVID-19 vaccines had a high effectiveness of 88.7% among individuals aged 16-64 years and 90.3% among those aged 65 years and above against symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infections during July-September 2021. The study also highlighted the high effectiveness of the vaccines against the Delta variant in Japan.
CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2022)
Article
Respiratory System
Bhim Gopal Dhoubhadel, Motoi Suzuki, Tomoko Ishifuji, Makito Yaegashi, Norichika Asoh, Masayuki Ishida, Sugihiro Hamaguchi, Masahiro Aoshima, Michio Yasunami, Koya Ariyoshi, Konosuke Morimoto
Summary: This study found that multiple serotypes of pneumococci are common among adults with pneumonia. The risk of multiple-serotype pneumococcal pneumonia is lower in patients vaccinated with PPSV23. Certain specific serotypes are associated with multiple-serotype pneumonia, and more invasive serotypes are more prevalent in multiple-serotype pneumonia.
Article
Infectious Diseases
Nipun Shrestha, Alisha Joshi, Yumiko Hayashi, Dhruba Shrestha, Bhim Gopal Dhoubhadel
Summary: Staphylococcus toxic shock syndrome (TSS) is uncommon in neonates and requires evaluation based on multiple clinical and laboratory criteria for diagnosis. Early recognition of the disease is crucial for patient management and recovery.
CASE REPORTS IN INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2022)
Article
Tropical Medicine
Aiko Inoue, Bhim Gopal Dhoubhadel, Dhruba Shrestha, Ganendra Bhakta Raya, Yumiko Hayashi, Sudeep Shrestha, Tansy Edwards, Christopher Martin Parry, Koya Ariyoshi, Sharon Elizabeth Cox
Summary: This study aimed to determine risk factors for malnutrition among hospitalised children and analyze changes in nutritional status at admission and discharge. The results showed that risk factors associated with wasting were ethnic minority, diarrhoeal diseases, respiratory infections, and house damage due to the earthquake. Additionally, systematic anthropometric examination was found to identify significantly more malnourished children than simple observation by care providers.
TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HEALTH
(2022)
Article
Tropical Medicine
Ganendra Bhakta Raya, Bhim Gopal Dhoubhadel, Dhruba Shrestha, Sunayana Raya, Ujjwal Laghu, Ashok Shah, Bijendra Bhakta Raya, Rita Kafle, Christopher M. Parry, Koya Ariyoshi
TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HEALTH
(2020)
Article
Tropical Medicine
Bhim Gopal Dhoubhadel, Ganendra Bhakta Raya, Dhruba Shrestha, Raj Kumar Shrestha, Yogendra Dhungel, Motoi Suzuki, Michio Yasunami, Chris Smith, Koya Ariyoshi, Christopher M. Parry
TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HEALTH
(2020)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Dhruba Shrestha, Saraswati Budhathoki, Sabi Pokhrel, Ashok Kumar Sah, Raj Kumar Shrestha, Ganendra Bhakta Raya, Reena Shrestha, Rasila Pasakhala, Christopher Smith, Bhim Gopal Dhoubhadel
Article
Immunology
Rahmani Zabihullah, Bhim G. Dhoubhadel, Ferogh A. Rauf, Sahab A. Shafiq, Motoi Suzuki, Kiwao Watanabe, Lay M. Yoshida, Michio Yasunami, Salihi Zabihullah, Christopher M. Parry, Rabi Mirwais, Koya Ariyoshi
EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2017)