Article
Immunology
Kristina L. Bajema, Ryan Gierke, Monica M. Farley, William Schaffner, Ann Thomas, Arthur L. Reingold, Lee H. Harrison, Ruth Lynfield, Kari E. Burzlaff, Susan Petit, Meghan Barnes, Salina Torres, Paula M. Snippes Vagnone, Bernard Beall, Tamara Pilishvili
Summary: The incidence of antibiotic-nonsusceptible invasive pneumococcal disease (NS-IPD) has decreased in the United States after the introduction of 7- and 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs). However, there has been an increase in nonvaccine type NS-IPD, particularly among older adults. The use of higher valency PCVs containing the common nonsusceptible serotypes could help further reduce NS-IPD.
JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Joseph A. Lewnard, Noga Givon-Lavi, Ron Dagan
Summary: The study analyzed the effectiveness of PCV in protecting children against pneumonia caused by different vaccine-targeted pneumococcal serotypes in southern Israel. The results showed that PCV could effectively reduce carriage of vaccine-serotype pneumococci and decrease the risk of disease progression.
CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Ron Dagan, Shalom Ben-Shimol, Rachel Benisty, Gili Regev-Yochay, Stephanie W. Lo, Stephen D. Bentley, Paulina A. Hawkins, Lesley McGee, Merav Ron, Noga Givon-Lavi, Lea Valinsky, Assaf Rokney
Summary: In Israel during the PCV13 era, an outbreak of Sp2 IPD caused by the emerging ST-13578 clone was identified. This clone, mainly found in the Jewish population and specific regions of Israel, showed clonality and likely evolved from ST-1504 through recombination processes.
CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2021)
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Ma-Chao Li, Yao Wang, Hong Zhang, Yong Liu, Xue-Jun Chen, Hong-Wei Yang, Ping Ma, Ding-Cheng Wang, Bing-Chang Zhang, Ai-Ying Dong, Chun-Xin Wang, Yan Li, Peng Bai, Wen-Min Tang, Jue Wang, Zhu-Jun Shao, Ying-Chun Xu
Summary: The study revealed that non-PCV7 serotypes 19A and 3 were the most prevalent in Chinese children and adults, respectively. High-valent vaccines showed similar coverage rates and may have a greater potential in preventing IPD.
HUMAN VACCINES & IMMUNOTHERAPEUTICS
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Stefanie Desmet, Heidi Theeten, Lies Laenen, Lize Cuypers, Piet Maes, Wouter Bossuyt, Liesbet Van Heirstraeten, Willy E. Peetermans, Katrien Lagrou
Summary: After switching from PCV13 to PCV10, there was a rapid reemergence of serotype 19A invasive pneumococcal disease in children in Belgium. Whole-genome sequencing revealed 24 sequence types, with ST416 and ST994 being predominant during the PCV10 period.
EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Muhammad Imran Nisar, Fyezah Jehan, Shahira Shahid, Sheraz Ahmed, Sadia Shakoor, Furqan Kabir, Aneeta Hotwani, Sahrish Muneer, Farah Khalid, Sajid Muhammad, Benjamin M. Althouse, Hao Hu, Cynthia G. Whitney, Asad Ali, Anita K. M. Zaidi, Saad B. Omer, Najeeha Iqbal
Summary: Pakistan introduced the PCV10 vaccine in 2013 and conducted a study on infants from 2014-2018. The study showed a significant decrease in carriage of vaccine-related serotypes and an increase in non-vaccine related serotypes. This highlights the need for continuous monitoring and evaluation of existing vaccine formulations.
Article
Immunology
Hector F. Africano, Cristian C. Serrano-Mayorga, Paula C. Ramirez-Valbuena, Ingrid G. Bustos, Alirio Bastidas, Hernan A. Vargas, Sandra Gomez, Alejandro Rodriguez, Carlos J. Orihuela, Luis F. Reyes
Summary: This study found that MACE are common during IPD, with serotypes 3 and 9n independently associated with MACE, regardless of their frequency. Bacteremia occurred in a high percentage of patients with MACE, and MACE patients had significantly elevated serum concentrations of C-reactive protein compared to non-MACE patients.
CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Pontus Naucler, Ilias Galanis, Alexandros Petropoulos, Fredrik Granath, Eva Morfeldt, Ake Ortqvist, Birgitta Henriques-Normark
Summary: This nationwide study demonstrates that individuals with comorbidities are more susceptible to infection by nonvaccine-serotypes of pneumococcus. The introduction of pneumococcal conjugated vaccine has led to a shift in the serotypes causing invasive pneumococcal disease in this patient group. These findings have significant implications for pneumococcal vaccination strategies.
CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2022)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Hanfang Jiang, Qing Meng, Xiaorong Liu, Hongyu Chen, Chunqing Zhu, Yunsheng Chen
Summary: This study characterizes the molecular epidemiology of invasive Streptococcus pneumoniae in Shenzhen. The coverage of PCV13 was 88.9%, and nonvaccine serotypes included 15b, 16F, and 20. The multidrug resistance rate was 91.3%, with nonmeningitis isolates showing no resistance to penicillin and 98.8% of all isolates being resistant to erythromycin. Continued surveillance is needed to monitor antibiotic-resistant nonvaccine serotypes and highly virulent serotypes.
INFECTION AND DRUG RESISTANCE
(2021)
Review
Immunology
Kristin Andrejko, Buddhika Ratnasiri, Joseph A. Lewnard
Summary: This study reviewed the antimicrobial susceptibility of pneumococcal serotypes among children globally. The results showed geographical and temporal variation in nonsusceptibility, which was associated with biological characteristics of the serotypes. The implementation of PCVs led to an increase in nonsusceptibility among non-PCV serotypes.
CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2022)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Clara Ines Agudelo, Carlos Castaneda-Orjuela, Maria Cristina de Cunto Brandileone, Gabriela Echaniz-Aviles, Samanta Cristine Grassi Almeida, Maria Noemi Carnalla-Barajas, Mabel Regueira, Sofia Fossati, Pedro Alarcon, Pamela Araya, Carolina Duarte, Jacqueline Sanchez, Mirna Novas, Gilda Torano-Peraza, Misladys Rodriguez-Ortega, Gustavo Chamorro-Cortesi, Anibal Kawabata, Gabriela Garcia-Gabarrot, Teresa Camou, Enza Spadola, Daisy Payares, Ana Lucia Andrade, Jose Luis Di Fabio, Elizabeth Castaneda
Summary: A multicentre, retrospective observational study in eight Latin American and Caribbean countries assessed the direct effect of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs) on the distribution of pneumococcal serotypes causing invasive pneumococcal disease in children younger than 5 years. The study found a significant decrease in the percentage of vaccine serotypes in PCV countries after PCV introduction.
LANCET INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Liping Huang, Matt Wasserman, Lindsay Grant, Raymond Farkouh, Vincenza Snow, Adriano Arguedas, Erica Chilson, Reiko Sato, Johnna Perdrizet
Summary: The addition of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs) to the US national immunization program has significantly reduced the incidence, mortality, and economic burden of pneumococcal disease (PD) caused by specific serotypes. However, there is still a clinical and economic burden due to PD caused by serotypes not included in the current PCV formulation. The recent approval of 15-valent and 20-valent PCVs in the US provides additional serotype coverage and has the potential to address this unmet need and reduce the burden of PD.
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Tiantian Sun, Shiyan Mai, Hongzhao Mao, Huiting Li, Yunyao Duan, Shuai Meng, Jiaolin Bao, Ning Ding, Chengli Zong
Summary: Around 100 serotypes of Streptococcus pneumonia (Spn) have been discovered, with 90% of severe diseases in children caused by 13 serotypes. The burden of pneumococcal disease has been significantly reduced with the success of pneumococcal bacterial polysaccharide conjugate vaccines (PCVs). The non-vaccine serotype 31 has increased in prevalence. The revised structure of the serotype 31 polysaccharide (s-31-ps) has been reported, and a conjugate vaccine has been prepared using organic solvent instead of water.
CARBOHYDRATE POLYMERS
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Arto A. Palmu, Philippe De Wals, Maija Toropainen, Shamez N. Ladhani, Genevieve Deceuninck, Mirjam J. Knol, Elisabeth A. M. Sanders, Elizabeth Miller
Summary: A study showed that there was a significant decline in childhood invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) in the US after the introduction of the 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV7), with a greater reduction in outpatient IPD compared to hospitalized IPD. In the US, the proportion of hospitalized IPD cases also increased with the introduction of PCV.
Article
Immunology
Kaile Chen, Xiyan Zhang, Yunzhen Tao, Yunzhong Wang, Jian Xue, Changpeng Liu, Shuang Feng, Yongdong Yan, Qinghui Chen, Jianmei Tian, Genming Zhao, Xuejun Shao, Tao Zhang
Summary: This study described the hospitalization of 105 children <5 years of age for IPD in a hospital in Suzhou, China, from 2010 to 2017, and calculated the incidence rate of IPD in Suzhou. Eight different capsular serotypes of pneumococcus were identified in the study.
EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2021)
Article
Microbiology
Christian Theilacker, Mark A. Fletcher, Luis Jodar, Bradford D. Gessner
Summary: This article reviews the Community-Acquired Pneumonia immunization Trial in Adults (CAPiTA) and its extended studies, highlighting the efficacy of the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) in preventing pneumonia and invasive pneumococcal disease in older adults. It provides valuable insights for the assessment of adult pneumococcal vaccination.
Letter
Immunology
Andrew Vyse, James Campling, Carole Czudek, Gillian Ellsbury, Diana Mendes, Ralf-Rene Reinert, Mary P. E. Slack
EXPERT REVIEW OF VACCINES
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Tendai Mugwagwa, Ahuva Averin, Mark Atwood, Reiko Sato, Andrew Vyse, James Campling, Derek Weycker, Mary Slack, Gillian Ellsbury, Diana Mendes
Summary: Replacing the 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPV23) with the 20-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV20) in England would substantially reduce the burden of pneumococcal disease among at-risk adults, with modest budgetary impact.
EXPERT REVIEW OF VACCINES
(2022)
Article
Economics
James Campling, Hannah F. Wright, Gillian C. Hall, Tendai Mugwagwa, Andrew Vyse, Diana Mendes, Mary P. E. Slack, Gillian F. Ellsbury
Summary: The goal of this study was to estimate the current mean cost of hospitalized community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) in the UK. Based on the national healthcare database, 187,251 adults were hospitalized for CAP in 2019, with an average cost of 3,904 pounds per person and a total cost of 731 million pounds per year. Patients at high risk of CAP had higher mean costs compared to those not at risk.
JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ECONOMICS
(2022)
Article
Health Care Sciences & Services
Diana Mendes, Ahuva Averin, Mark Atwood, Reiko Sato, Andrew Vyse, James Campling, Derek Weycker, Mary Slack, Gillian Ellsbury, Tendai Mugwagwa
Summary: The study found that replacing PPV23 with PCV20 in England could prevent more hospitalizations, save more lives, and yield lower overall costs, making it a cost-effective option for pneumococcal vaccination.
EXPERT REVIEW OF PHARMACOECONOMICS & OUTCOMES RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Respiratory System
Eileen M. Dunne, Catia Cilloniz, Claire von Mollendorf, Joseph Lewnard, Lindsay R. Grant, Mary P. E. Slack, Luis Jodar, Christian Theilacker, Bradford D. Gessner
Summary: This narrative review compared the effectiveness of 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPV23) and 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) in adults. The study found that PCV13 was more effective than PPV23 in preventing pneumococcal disease and respiratory infections. The sequential PCV13/PPV23 vaccination showed little benefit over PCV13 alone. The results support the use of pneumococcal vaccines to protect against pneumococcal disease and respiratory infections in adults.
ARCHIVOS DE BRONCONEUMOLOGIA
(2023)
Article
Microbiology
Andrea Orsi, Alexander Domnich, Stefano Mosca, Matilde Ogliastro, Laura Sticchi, Rosa Prato, Francesca Fortunato, Domenico Martinelli, Fabio Tramuto, Claudio Costantino, Vincenzo Restivo, Vincenzo Baldo, Tatjana Baldovin, Elizabeth Begier, Christian Theilacker, Eva Agostina Montuori, Rohini Beavon, Bradford Gessner, Giancarlo Icardi
Summary: This study aimed to assess the serotype-specific epidemiology of pneumococci among hospitalized older adults in Italy. The prevalence of pneumococcal infection among hospitalized CAP cases was 13.1%, with serotypes 3, 8, 22F, and 11A being the most common. PCV20, which includes these serotypes, plays an important role in preventing pneumonia in older adults.
Review
Microbiology
Christian Lenz, Mary P. E. Slack, Kimberly M. Shea, Ralf Rene Reinert, Bulent N. Taysi, David L. Swerdlow
Summary: Although SARS-CoV-2 primarily affects the respiratory system, it can also cause a wide range of complications in the cardiovascular, pulmonary, neurological, and metabolic systems. Long-term symptoms have been observed in more than 50% of COVID-19 patients, with older age, female sex, race, ethnicity, and comorbidities being identified as risk factors. It is crucial to conduct prospective studies to understand the ongoing effects of COVID-19 and provide appropriate management and care for patients, particularly those in vulnerable groups.
CRITICAL REVIEWS IN MICROBIOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Immunology
Lindsay R. Grant, Elizabeth Begier, Christian Theilacker, Rachid Barry, Cassandra Hall-Murray, Qi Yan, Veneta Pope, Michael W. Pride, Luis Jodar, Bradford D. Gessner
Summary: Nonbacteremic community-acquired pneumonia is a major presentation of severe pneumococcal disease in adults. Urinary antigen detection can guide the use of higher valency pneumococcal conjugate vaccines by detecting the serotypes causing pneumococcal CAP.
JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2023)
Review
Microbiology
Estelle Meroc, Mark A. A. Fletcher, Germaine Hanquet, Mary P. E. Slack, Marc Baay, Kyla Hayford, Bradford D. D. Gessner, Lindsay R. R. Grant
Summary: Higher valency pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCV15 and PCV20) have been developed to tackle the disease burden caused by non-vaccine serotypes. This review provides an overview of the epidemiological characteristics of serotypes beyond PCV13, analyzing their association with different diseases and their antimicrobial non-susceptibility. The findings can contribute to informed decision-making regarding the choice and use of higher valency PCVs.
Meeting Abstract
Respiratory System
J. A. Campling, E. Begier, M. Lahuerta, A. Vyse, J. Southern, S. Valluri, C. Hyams, A. Finn, M. P. E. Slack, B. D. Gessner, G. Ellsbury
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Elena Mitsi, Jesus Reine, Britta C. Urban, Carla Solorzano, Elissavet Nikolaou, Angela D. Hyder-Wright, Sherin Pojar, Ashleigh Howard, Lisa Hitchins, Sharon Glynn, Madlen C. Farrar, Konstantinos Liatsikos, Andrea M. Collins, Naomi F. Walker, Helen C. Hill, Esther L. German, Katerina S. Cheliotis, Rachel L. Byrne, Christopher T. Williams, Ana Cubas-Atienzar, Tom E. Fletcher, Emily R. Adams, Simon J. Draper, David Pulido, Rohini Beavon, Christian Theilacker, Elizabeth Begier, Luis Jodar, Bradford D. Gessner, Daniela M. Ferreira
Summary: This study investigated the relationship between SARS-CoV-2 and Streptococcus pneumoniae in different populations, and found that pneumococcal infection reduces host immune responses to the virus.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL INVESTIGATION
(2022)