Assessing the quality of stored red blood cells using handheld Spatially Offset Raman spectroscopy with multisource correlation analysis

In this work we employ Spatially Offset Raman Spectroscopy (SORS) to non-invasively identify storage-related changes in red blood cell concentrate (RCC) in-situ within standard plastic transfusion bags. To validate the measurements, we set up a parallel study comparing both bioanalytical data (obtained by blood-gas analysis, hematology analysis and spectrophotometric assays), and Raman spectrometry data from the same blood samples. We then employ Multisource Correlation Analysis (MuSCA) to correlate the different types of data in RCC. Our analysis confirmed a strong correlation of glucose, methemoglobin and oxyhemoglobin with their respective bioassay values in RCC units. Finally, by combining MuSCA with k- means clustering, we assessed changes in all Raman wavenumbers during cold storage in both RCC Raman data from the current study and parallel RCC supernatant Raman data previously acquired from the same units. Direct RCC quality monitoring during storage, would help to establish a basis for improved inventory management of blood products in blood banks and hospitals based on analytical data.(c) 2022 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Automated summary

In this study, Spatially Offset Raman Spectroscopy (SORS) was used to non-invasively identify storage-related changes in red blood cell concentrate (RCC) within standard plastic transfusion bags. The measurements were compared with bioanalytical data and Raman spectrometry data, and Multisource Correlation Analysis (MuSCA) was employed to correlate the different types of data. The results confirmed a strong correlation between glucose, methemoglobin, oxyhemoglobin, and their respective bioassay values in RCC units. By combining MuSCA with k-means clustering, changes in Raman wavenumbers during cold storage were assessed.