Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Tyler J. Titcomb, Lisa Brooks, Karen L. Smith, Patrick Ten Eyck, Linda M. Rubenstein, Terry L. Wahls, Linda G. Snetselaar
Summary: The Swank diet can significantly reduce the proportion of inadequate intake for vitamins C, D, and E, while the Wahls diet helps reduce inadequate intake for magnesium and vitamins A, C, D, and E. However, the Wahls diet may increase the proportion of inadequate intake for calcium, thiamin, and vitamin B-12, and the Swank diet may increase the proportion of inadequate intake for vitamin A.
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Joana M. Correia, Ines Santos, Pedro Pezarat-Correia, Analiza M. Silva, Goncalo V. Mendonca
Summary: The study found that non-Ramadan intermittent fasting can effectively reduce body weight, body mass index, and absolute fat mass, while Ramadan intermittent fasting, despite being accompanied by dehydration, can also effectively reduce body weight and relative fat mass. Overall, non-Ramadan intermittent fasting appears to be more effective in improving overall body composition.
FRONTIERS IN NUTRITION
(2021)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Amrendra Mishra, Hamed Mirzaei, Novella Guidi, Manlio Vinciguerra, Alice Mouton, Marina Linardic, Francesca Rappa, Rosario Barone, Gerardo Navarrete, Min Wei, Sebastian Brandhorst, Stefano Di Biase, Todd E. Morgan, S. Ram Kumar, Peter S. Conti, Matteo Pellegrini, Michel Bernier, Rafael de Cabo, Valter D. Longo
Summary: Research shows that a monthly cycle of 5 days of a fasting-mimicking diet can prevent obesity and related detrimental effects on cardiometabolic health and lifespan in mice. The fasting-mimicking diet inhibits obesity by reducing fat accumulation and improves heart function and resistance to cardiotoxins. It also prevents issues like hyperglycemia, hypercholesterolemia, and hyperleptinemia, while improving glucose and insulin tolerance.
Article
Biology
Ziyi Zhang, Xiaoyu Chen, Yuh Jiun Loh, Xin Yang, Chenhong Zhang
Summary: The amount of food intake, diet structure, and fasting time interact with each other on metabolic health; dietary regimens' modifications on gut microbiota structure and composition may contribute to the beneficial effects on host metabolism.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Xiaojing Wei, Chuanfei Wei, Yutian Tan, Ximing Dong, Zhao Yang, Jianqun Yan, Xiao Luo
Summary: This study aimed to determine the regulation of NAD+-related enzymes in the liver and their relationships with glucose and lipid metabolism. It was found that both high-fat diet feeding and calorie restriction increased hepatic NAD+ levels and the expression of related genes. In addition, high-fat diet feeding and calorie restriction had different effects on hepatic lipogenesis and gluconeogenesis. These findings highlight the importance of hepatic NAD+ metabolism in maintaining metabolic flexibility.
JOURNAL OF NUTRITIONAL BIOCHEMISTRY
(2023)
Article
Physiology
Evan M. Zeitler, J. Charles Jennette, Jennifer E. Flythe, Ronald J. Falk, John S. Poulton
Summary: This study on zebrafish shows that a high-calorie diet, regardless of fat content, can lead to kidney pathology, but these changes can be reversed after 4 weeks of calorie restriction.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-RENAL PHYSIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Mary Priyanka Udumula, Harshit Singh, Faraz Rashid, Laila Poisson, Nivedita Tiwari, Irina Dimitrova, Miriana Hijaz, Radhika Gogoi, Margaret Swenor, Adnan Munkarah, Shailendra Giri, Ramandeep Rattan
Summary: In a study on mice with epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC), it was found that 16-hour intermittent fasting (IF) can inhibit tumor growth and enhance anti-tumor immune response. IF alters anti-cancer immunity by increasing CD4(+) and CD8(+) cells, Th1 and cytotoxic responses.
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Hsueh-Han Tsai, Jyh-Cherng Yu, Huan-Ming Hsu, Chi-Hong Chu, Tzu-Ming Chang, Zhi-Jie Hong, An-Chieh Feng, Chun-Yu Fu, Kuo-Feng Hsu, Ming-Shen Dai, Guo-Shiou Liao
Summary: Breast cancer is a global public health problem and there is increasing interest in prevention strategies as its incidence rises. A healthy dietary pattern, such as the Mediterranean diet, with high levels of fiber, phytochemicals, antioxidants, and advantageous fatty acids, is considered a promising approach to reduce breast cancer risk. This review summarizes the important active compounds in preventing breast cancer, including polyunsaturated fatty acids, fiber, phytochemicals, and alcohol. While the exact mechanism is not well understood, the combination of these elements in a healthy diet plays a role in reducing breast cancer risk.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Paloma Elortegui Pascual, Maryann R. Rolands, Alison L. Eldridge, Amira Kassis, Fabio Mainardi, Kim-Anne Le, Leonidas G. Karagounis, Philipp Gut, Krista A. Varady
Summary: This meta-analysis compared the effectiveness of different intermittent fasting regimens with traditional caloric energy restriction for weight loss. The results showed that intermittent fasting was comparable to caloric energy restriction and is a promising alternative for weight loss. Among the three regimens examined, alternate day fasting showed the highest effectiveness, followed by caloric energy restriction and time-restricted eating. Further well-powered randomized controlled trials with longer durations are needed to draw solid conclusions.
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Mohammed Allaf, Hussein Elghazaly, Omer G. Mohamed, Mohamed Firas Khan Fareen, Sadia Zaman, Abdul-Majeed Salmasi, Kostas Tsilidis, Abbas Dehghan
Summary: Cardiovascular disease is a leading cause of death globally, with lifestyle changes like increased physical activity and healthy diets being key for prevention. Intermittent fasting has shown some benefits and is being researched for its role in reducing the risk of CVD.
COCHRANE DATABASE OF SYSTEMATIC REVIEWS
(2021)
Article
Oncology
Violet Kayamba
Summary: Upper gastrointestinal (UGI) cancers are common and have significant associations with certain types of food. Fruit and vegetables are believed to reduce UGI cancer risk, while processed foods increase the risk. Specific diets may be associated with reduced cancer risk, but their effectiveness in high-risk locations is unclear.
SEMINARS IN CANCER BIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Farnoosh Shemirani, Tyler J. Titcomb, Solange M. Saxby, Patrick Ten Eyck, Linda M. Rubenstein, Karin F. Hoth, Linda G. Snetselaar, Terry L. Wahls
Summary: This study aimed to evaluate the impact of low-saturated fat and modified Paleolithic elimination diets, along with supplements, on mood in people with multiple sclerosis (MS). The results showed significant improvements in depression and anxiety symptoms and mental health scores in both diet groups at 12 and 24 weeks. Changes in homocysteine and vitamin B12 levels did not mediate the effects of the diets on mood.
MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS AND RELATED DISORDERS
(2023)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Albert Sanllorente, Maria Trinidad Soria-Florido, Olga Castaner, Camille Lassale, Jordi Salas-Salvado, Miguel Angel Martinez-Gonzalez, Isaac Subirana, Emilio Ros, Dolores Corella, Ramon Estruch, Francisco J. Tinahones, Alvaro Hernaez, Montserrat Fito
Summary: Intensive lifestyle intervention with an energy-restricted Mediterranean diet plus physical activity in older adults with metabolic syndrome led to improvements in HDL triglyceride metabolism compared to a nonrestrictive Mediterranean diet without physical activity.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION
(2021)
Review
Food Science & Technology
Lei Wang, Rong Wang, Xiaoyan Yu, Yuhuan Shi, Shengnan Li, Yongfang Yuan
Summary: This review summarizes the effects of energy restriction on macrophages in various diseases, offering valuable guidance for future research and insights into the clinical applications of calorie restriction and fasting.
MOLECULAR NUTRITION & FOOD RESEARCH
(2023)
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Faidon Magkos
Summary: Studies suggest that calorie restriction and weight loss have similar beneficial effects in individuals without obesity as in those with obesity, including reduced fat deposition, increased insulin sensitivity, and improved insulin clearance rate, leading to lower blood glucose and insulin levels.
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Terry L. Wahls, Catherine A. Chenard, Linda G. Snetselaar
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Catherine A. Chenard, Linda M. Rubenstein, Linda G. Snetselaar, Terry L. Wahls
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Jennifer E. Lee, Tyler J. Titcomb, Babita Bisht, Linda M. Rubenstein, Rebecca Louison, Terry L. Wahls
Summary: In patients with Multiple Sclerosis (MS), the modified Paleolithic diet appears to be associated with significant clinical improvements, while the MCT-based ketogenic diet, although achieving nutritional ketosis, did not result in notable clinical improvements in this study.
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF NUTRITION
(2021)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Tyler J. Titcomb, Babita Bisht, David D. Moore, Yashpal S. Chhonker, Daryl J. Murry, Linda G. Snetselaar, Terry L. Wahls
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Tyler J. Titcomb, Lisa Brooks, Karen L. Smith, Patrick Ten Eyck, Linda M. Rubenstein, Terry L. Wahls, Linda G. Snetselaar
Summary: The Swank diet can significantly reduce the proportion of inadequate intake for vitamins C, D, and E, while the Wahls diet helps reduce inadequate intake for magnesium and vitamins A, C, D, and E. However, the Wahls diet may increase the proportion of inadequate intake for calcium, thiamin, and vitamin B-12, and the Swank diet may increase the proportion of inadequate intake for vitamin A.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Tyler J. Titcomb, Buyun Liu, Terry L. Wahls, Linda G. Snetselaar, Aladdin H. Shadyab, Fred K. Tabung, Nazmus Saquib, Chrisa Arcan, Lesley F. Tinker, Robert B. Wallace, Wei Bao
Summary: This study examines the association between the ketogenic ratio and the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus in postmenopausal women. The results show that higher ketogenic ratios are associated with an increased risk of developing diabetes. However, the number of participants following a ketogenic diet in this study was very limited.
JOURNAL OF THE ACADEMY OF NUTRITION AND DIETETICS
(2023)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Aneli T. Villa, Betty H. H. Tu, Tyler J. Titcomb, Solange M. Saxby, Farnoosh Shemirani, Patrick Ten Eyck, Linda M. Rubenstein, Linda G. Snetselaar, Terry L. Wahls
Summary: This study evaluated the impact of the Swank and Wahls diets on metabolic health markers and determined the association and mediation effect between changes in metabolic health and perceived fatigue among individuals with relapsing-remitting MS. The results showed that both diets led to significant reductions in weight, BMI, total cholesterol, LDL, and perceived fatigue. However, the reduction in perceived fatigue was not related to changes in markers of metabolic health.
FRONTIERS IN NEUROLOGY
(2023)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Tyler J. Titcomb, Max Sherwood, Mary Ehlinger, Solange M. Saxby, Farnoosh Shemirani, Patrick Ten Eyck, Terry L. Wahls, Linda G. Snetselaar
Summary: A 7-week web-based wellness intervention, including diet, stress reduction techniques, sleep hygiene, and exercise, showed significant improvements in quality of life and fatigue among people with MS.
MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS AND RELATED DISORDERS
(2023)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Farnoosh Shemirani, Tyler J. Titcomb, Solange M. Saxby, Patrick Ten Eyck, Linda M. Rubenstein, Karin F. Hoth, Linda G. Snetselaar, Terry L. Wahls
Summary: This study aimed to evaluate the impact of low-saturated fat and modified Paleolithic elimination diets, along with supplements, on mood in people with multiple sclerosis (MS). The results showed significant improvements in depression and anxiety symptoms and mental health scores in both diet groups at 12 and 24 weeks. Changes in homocysteine and vitamin B12 levels did not mediate the effects of the diets on mood.
MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS AND RELATED DISORDERS
(2023)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Alaina N. Elliott-Wherry, Jennifer E. Lee, Amy M. Pearlman, Terry L. Wahls
Summary: This paper introduces the Wahls Behavior Change Model (WBCM) for behavior change in patients with complex chronic diseases and discusses how providers can be trained to implement the model. The WBCM has the potential to improve function and quality of life outcomes for patients with complex chronic diseases.
DEGENERATIVE NEUROLOGICAL AND NEUROMUSCULAR DISEASE
(2022)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Tyler J. Titcomb, Wei Bao, Yang Du, Buyun Liu, Linda G. Snetselaar, Terry L. Wahls
Summary: This study investigated the independent association of multiple sclerosis with mortality. The results showed that having multiple sclerosis was associated with an increased risk of mortality in a nationally representative sample of U.S. adults.
MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS JOURNAL-EXPERIMENTAL TRANSLATIONAL AND CLINICAL
(2022)
Letter
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Terry Wahls, Tyler Titcomb, Babita Bisht, Murali Ramanathan
INTERACTIVE JOURNAL OF MEDICAL RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Terry L. Wahls, Tyler J. Titcomb, Babita Bisht, Patrick Ten Eyck, Linda M. Rubenstein, Lucas J. Carr, Warren G. Darling, Karin F. Hoth, John Kamholz, Linda G. Snetselaar
Summary: The study compared Wahls and Swank diets in RRMS patients, showing both diets were associated with reductions in fatigue and improvements in quality of life.
MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS JOURNAL-EXPERIMENTAL TRANSLATIONAL AND CLINICAL
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Yuning Zhang, Yashpal S. Chhonker, Veenu Bala, Alex Hagg, Linda G. Snetselaar, Terry L. Wahls, Daryl J. Murry
JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL AND BIOMEDICAL ANALYSIS
(2020)
Article
Rehabilitation
Gang Liu, Bradley Chi
Summary: This article provides a comprehensive review of the technological advances in the diagnosis and treatment of patients with a disorder of consciousness over the past 10 years. While these advances show promise, there is limited high-quality evidence supporting their widespread clinical adoption.
PHYSICAL MEDICINE AND REHABILITATION CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA
(2024)
Article
Rehabilitation
Amy Shapiro-Rosenbaum, Michelle P. Jaffe
Summary: Caregivers of persons with DoC experience high levels of perceived burden, which is associated with adverse physical, emotional, psychosocial, and financial outcomes and is directly tied to expressed needs for information and support. Providing individualized education and training at each phase of recovery can enhance effective communication between providers and caregivers, helping to increase caregiver proficiency in managing their loved one's care while also helping to mitigate the challenges associated with perceived burden. This may subsequently increase the rate of community discharge among persons with DoC, potentially translating to a reduction in the long-term costs of care for this population.
PHYSICAL MEDICINE AND REHABILITATION CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA
(2024)
Article
Rehabilitation
Jean E. Woo, Abana Azariah, Eboni A. Reed, Nicholas Gut
PHYSICAL MEDICINE AND REHABILITATION CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA
(2024)
Article
Rehabilitation
Katherine O'Brien, Bei Zhang, Elizabeth Anderl, Sunil Kothari
Summary: Behavioral assessment is essential in the clinical evaluation of disorders of consciousness, and it should be supplemented by qualitative behavioral observations and individualized quantitative assessments. Therapy disciplines, staff, and family members all play important roles in this process.
PHYSICAL MEDICINE AND REHABILITATION CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA
(2024)
Article
Rehabilitation
Mary E. Russell, Cindy B. Ivanhoe, Eboni A. Reed
Summary: Acquired brain injury, especially severe brain injury, is a chronic medical condition that lacks research studies on postacute care and long-term outcomes. There is a need for standardized admission criteria, diagnostic tools, and prognostic protocols. Furthermore, healthcare systems should consider personalized factors and different perspectives on meaningful recovery and quality of life.
PHYSICAL MEDICINE AND REHABILITATION CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA
(2024)
Article
Rehabilitation
Brooke Murtaugh, Susan Fager, Tabatha Sorenson
PHYSICAL MEDICINE AND REHABILITATION CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA
(2024)
Article
Rehabilitation
Amanda Appel, Eric Spier
Summary: This article discusses the importance of the emergence of consciousness in brain-injured patients and presents a framework for evaluating and tailoring treatment of sleep and pain. Although more research is needed, validated tools are currently available for assessing consciousness, pain, and sleep.
PHYSICAL MEDICINE AND REHABILITATION CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA
(2024)
Article
Rehabilitation
Kristen A. Harris, Yi Zhou, Stacey Jou, Brian D. Greenwald
PHYSICAL MEDICINE AND REHABILITATION CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA
(2024)
Article
Rehabilitation
Ruth Tangonan, Christos Lazaridis
Summary: Acute disorders of consciousness refer to impairments in arousal and awareness that occur within 28 days of an initial injury, which can be caused by various insults. Thorough evaluations, including assessments of consciousness level, brainstem reflexes, and motor responses, are important. Laboratory tests, imaging, and electrophysiology testing are needed for the evaluation of acute disorders of consciousness. Prognostication in this phase should be done cautiously, with open and frequent communication with families, considering the significant multidimensional uncertainty.
PHYSICAL MEDICINE AND REHABILITATION CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA
(2024)
Editorial Material
Rehabilitation
Sunil Kothari, Bei Zhang
PHYSICAL MEDICINE AND REHABILITATION CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA
(2024)
Article
Rehabilitation
Michael H. Marino
PHYSICAL MEDICINE AND REHABILITATION CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA
(2024)
Article
Rehabilitation
Linda B. Xu, Stephen Hampton, David Fischer
Summary: Neuroimaging in DoC has evolved to characterize complex brain networks and may have significant implications for understanding the natural history of DoC and optimizing long-term management.
PHYSICAL MEDICINE AND REHABILITATION CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA
(2024)
Article
Rehabilitation
David B. Arciniegas, Lindsey J. Gurin, Bei Zhang
Summary: Understanding the neuroanatomy of wakefulness and awareness is crucial for clinicians dealing with disorders of consciousness. Wakefulness is supported by brainstem-forebrain-diencephalic systems, while awareness is a result of integrated activity within and between wakefulness systems and cortical areas. Disruptions in these neural systems can inform the clinical presentation and treatment options for disorders of consciousness.
PHYSICAL MEDICINE AND REHABILITATION CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA
(2024)
Article
Rehabilitation
Katherine Golden, Yelena G. Bodien, Joseph T. Giacino
Summary: This article discusses the classification associated with the four major disorders of consciousness (DoC): coma, vegetative state or unresponsive wakefulness syndrome, minimally conscious state, and post-traumatic confusional state. The history of each disorder are briefly reviewed and operational definitions and diagnostic criteria are provided. The article heavily relies on recently released practice guidelines and identifies knowledge gaps and discusses future directions to advance DoC research and practice.
PHYSICAL MEDICINE AND REHABILITATION CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA
(2024)
Article
Rehabilitation
Beth S. Slomine, Stacy J. Suskauer
Summary: Research on children with disorders of consciousness (DoC) lags behind adult literature, and there is a lack of rigorous evaluation of assessment tools for this population. However, recent developments show promise in improving assessment for young children and those without overt command following. Early signs of consciousness are associated with better long-term outcomes. Although large clinical trials are lacking, programmatic data provide valuable information for standards of care and treatment options for children with DoC.
PHYSICAL MEDICINE AND REHABILITATION CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA
(2024)
