Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Siva Shantini Jayashankar, Khaizurin Tajul Arifin, Muhammad Luqman Nasaruddin
Summary: This scoping review aims to summarize the effects of the ketone body beta-hydroxybutyrate. Following its intervention, we found a tendency of reduced inflammatory status in microglia, improved cognitive functions in neurodegenerative models, and identified the mechanism of action through G-protein-Coupled Receptor 109A activation and inflammasome complex deactivation.
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Chuman Lin, Shengnan Wang, Jiaxin Xie, Juan Zhu, Jiawei Xu, Kewei Liu, Jiancong Chen, Mingjia Yu, Hengren Zhong, Kaibin Huang, Suyue Pan
Summary: The study shows that both ketogenic diet pre-treatment and beta-hydroxybutyrate post-treatment have neuroprotective effects in a mouse model of temporary middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO), possibly through an IRAKM-dependent way.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Eun Ran Kim, So Ra Kim, Wonhee Cho, Sang-Guk Lee, Soo Hyun Kim, Jin Hee Kim, Eunhye Choi, Jeong-Ho Kim, Je-Wook Yu, Byung-Wan Lee, Eun Seok Kang, Bong-Soo Cha, Myung-Shik Lee, Jin Won Cho, Justin Y. Jeon, Yong-ho Lee
Summary: The study found that a 3-day isocaloric ketogenic diet can improve metabolic and inflammatory status, including weight loss, improved insulin sensitivity, and reduced secretion of inflammatory mediators.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Danila Di Majo, Francesco Cacciabaudo, Giulia Accardi, Giuditta Gambino, Giuseppe Giglia, Giuseppe Ferraro, Giuseppina Candore, Pierangelo Sardo
Summary: Ketogenic Diet is a dietary therapy often used in the treatment of inflammatory neurological disorders. This research focuses on investigating the cognitive impairments and neuroprotection in multiple sclerosis (MS) by analyzing the alteration of biomarkers. The proposed ketogenic diet combined with a modified Mediterranean diet could potentially improve neuroinflammation in MS.
Article
Clinical Neurology
Giovanni Merlino, Riccardo Garbo, Simone Dal Bello, Ilaria Del Negro, Eleonora Lamon, Francesca Filippi, Andrea Bernardini, Simone Lorenzut, Laura Ceccarelli, Arianna Cella, Alessandro Mar, Yan Tereshko, Gian Luigi Gigli, Mariarosaria Valente
Summary: This study found that the ketogenic diet (KD) may improve sleep complaints in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) and have a positive impact on their psychological status and quality of life (QoL) through improving sleep quality.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Rita Polito, Maria Ester La Torre, Fiorenzo Moscatelli, Giuseppe Cibelli, Anna Valenzano, Maria Antonietta Panaro, Marcellino Monda, Antonietta Messina, Vincenzo Monda, Daniela Pisanelli, Francesco Sessa, Giovanni Messina, Chiara Porro
Summary: This study investigated the mechanisms by which BHB determines the activation processes of BV2 microglial cells and found that BHB can induce microglial polarization towards an M2 anti-inflammatory phenotype, reduce migratory capacity following LPS stimulation, decrease expression levels of the proinflammatory cytokine IL-17, and increase levels of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10. Therefore, BHB, and consequently the ketogenic diet, play a fundamental role in neuroprotection and prevention in neurodegenerative diseases, presenting new therapeutic targets.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Obstetrics & Gynecology
Emma G. Whatley, Thi T. Truong, Dagmar Wilhelm, Alexandra J. Harvey, David K. Gardner
Summary: Exposure to the ketone beta-hydroxybutyrate (beta OHB) impairs preimplantation mouse embryo development, metabolism, epigenetics, and post-transfer viability, with significant effects seen at ketogenic diet (KD)-relevant serum concentrations. These findings suggest a potential detrimental impact on embryo development and viability due to maternal diets that elevate beta OHB levels.
HUMAN REPRODUCTION
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Svetlana Khoziainova, Galina Rozenberg, Maayan Levy
Summary: A recent study has found that a ketogenic diet may have a protective role in inhibiting and preventing colorectal cancer. The study reveals that the ketone body beta-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) can suppress epithelial cell proliferation and inhibit tumor growth by regulating the expression of the known regulator of colorectal cancer, homeodomain-only protein Hopx.
DNA AND CELL BIOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Wei-Sheng Lin, Shan-Ju Lin, Pei-Yin Liao, Divya Suresh, Ting-Rong Hsu, Pei-Yu Wang
Summary: The ketogenic diet shows promise as a safe and potentially effective therapy for multiple sclerosis, but more research is needed to confirm its effects and mechanisms.
ADVANCES IN NUTRITION
(2022)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Tyler J. Titcomb, Lisa Brooks, Karen L. Smith, Patrick Ten Eyck, Linda M. Rubenstein, Terry L. Wahls, Linda G. Snetselaar
Summary: The Swank diet can significantly reduce the proportion of inadequate intake for vitamins C, D, and E, while the Wahls diet helps reduce inadequate intake for magnesium and vitamins A, C, D, and E. However, the Wahls diet may increase the proportion of inadequate intake for calcium, thiamin, and vitamin B-12, and the Swank diet may increase the proportion of inadequate intake for vitamin A.
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Chi Yeon Hwang, Wonchae Choe, Kyung-Sik Yoon, Joohun Ha, Sung Soo Kim, Eui-Ju Yeo, Insug Kang
Summary: This review summarizes the current understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved in the regulation of ketone body metabolism, cellular signaling functions, and the therapeutic potential of ketone bodies and ketogenic diets in cancer.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Jose Enrique de la Rubia Orti, Jose Luis Platero, Ivan Hu Yang, Jose Joaquin Ceron, Asta Tvarijonaviciute, Pablo Selvi Sabater, Maria Benlloch, David Sancho-Cantus, Sandra Sancho
Summary: The study found that administering EGCG and ketone bodies in MS patients resulted in significant decreases in inflammation markers, increased lipolytic enzyme activity, and improved functional status. BuChE appears to play a crucial role in lipid metabolism and inflammation modulation in MS patients.
Article
Obstetrics & Gynecology
Emma G. Whatley, Thi T. Truong, Alexandra J. Harvey, David K. Gardner
Summary: Research question: Does the ketone acetoacetate (AcAc) alone, or combined with 13-hydroxybutyrate (13OHB), impact mouse embryo development, metabolism, histone acetylation and viability? The study found that exposure to high levels of ketone acetoacetate and 13-hydroxybutyrate affects metabolism and histone acetylation in embryos, and leads to abnormal fetal development.
REPRODUCTIVE BIOMEDICINE ONLINE
(2023)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Manal Abdulaziz Binobead, Azhar Hamad Aldakhilallah, Sahar Abdulaziz Alsedairy, Laila Naif Al-Harbi, Wahidah H. Al-Qahtani, Ghedeir M. Alshammari
Summary: This study investigated the effects of a ketogenic diet on anthropometric indices, lipid profile, and the inhibition of NLRP3 inflammasome in obese women. The results showed that the ketogenic diet led to significant weight loss, reduced waist circumference and BHB levels, and decreased BMI and appetite. Cholesterol, triglycerides, and HDL-C slightly increased, while LDL-C and 1L-1 beta decreased significantly. The questionnaire results indicated improvements in various physical symptoms.
Article
Clinical Neurology
Markus Bock, Falk Steffen, Frauke Zipp, Stefan Bittner
Summary: This study investigated the impact of adapted ketogenic diet (AKD) and caloric restriction (CR) on neuroaxonal damage in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS), and found that AKD significantly reduced serum neurofilament light chain (sNfL) levels.
NEUROLOGY-NEUROIMMUNOLOGY & NEUROINFLAMMATION
(2022)
Article
Surgery
Alexander Hart, Yangbo Sun, Tyler J. Titcomb, Buyun Liu, Jessica K. Smith, Marcelo L. G. Correia, Linda G. Snetselaar, Zhanyong Zhu, Wei Bao
Summary: The study found that preoperative hypoalbuminemia is associated with negative 30-day postoperative outcomes of bariatric surgery, with severe hypoalbuminemia showing worse outcomes compared to marginal hypoalbuminemia.
SURGERY FOR OBESITY AND RELATED DISEASES
(2022)
Review
Clinical Neurology
Linda G. Snetselaar, Joshua J. Cheek, Sara Shuger Fox, Heather S. Healy, Marin L. Schweizer, Wei Bao, John Kamholz, Tyler J. Titcomb
Summary: This study conducted a systematic review and network meta-analysis to assess the efficacy of different dietary approaches in managing MS-related fatigue and quality of life. The findings suggest that the Paleolithic, low-fat, and Mediterranean diets may reduce fatigue and improve physical and mental QoL. However, the low quality of the included trials limits the strength of these conclusions.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Tyler J. Titcomb, Buyun Liu, Terry L. Wahls, Linda G. Snetselaar, Aladdin H. Shadyab, Fred K. Tabung, Nazmus Saquib, Chrisa Arcan, Lesley F. Tinker, Robert B. Wallace, Wei Bao
Summary: This study examines the association between the ketogenic ratio and the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus in postmenopausal women. The results show that higher ketogenic ratios are associated with an increased risk of developing diabetes. However, the number of participants following a ketogenic diet in this study was very limited.
JOURNAL OF THE ACADEMY OF NUTRITION AND DIETETICS
(2023)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Aneli T. Villa, Betty H. H. Tu, Tyler J. Titcomb, Solange M. Saxby, Farnoosh Shemirani, Patrick Ten Eyck, Linda M. Rubenstein, Linda G. Snetselaar, Terry L. Wahls
Summary: This study evaluated the impact of the Swank and Wahls diets on metabolic health markers and determined the association and mediation effect between changes in metabolic health and perceived fatigue among individuals with relapsing-remitting MS. The results showed that both diets led to significant reductions in weight, BMI, total cholesterol, LDL, and perceived fatigue. However, the reduction in perceived fatigue was not related to changes in markers of metabolic health.
FRONTIERS IN NEUROLOGY
(2023)
Article
Water Resources
Joshua Cheek, Sara Shuger Fox, Hans-Joachim Lehmler, Tyler J. J. Titcomb
Summary: This study investigated the cross-sectional association between urinary nickel exposure and cardiovascular disease (CVD) in a nationally representative sample of U.S. adults. It found that higher urinary nickel concentrations were associated with an increased risk of CVD in a non-monotonic manner.
EXPOSURE AND HEALTH
(2023)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Tyler J. Titcomb, Phyllis Richey, Ramon Casanova, Lawrence S. Phillips, Simin Liu, Shama D. Karanth, Nazmus Saquib, Tomas Nuno, JoAnn E. Manson, Aladdin H. Shadyab, Longjian Liu, Terry L. Wahls, Linda G. Snetselaar, Robert B. Wallace, Wei Bao
Summary: This study found a significant association between type 2 diabetes mellitus and incidence and mortality of Alzheimer's disease and AD-related dementias in postmenopausal women. This association was strongest among participants without obesity or hypertension, with younger age at baseline, higher diet quality, higher physical activity, higher alcohol consumption, and older age at the time of diagnosis of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
ALZHEIMERS & DEMENTIA
(2023)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Tyler J. Titcomb, Max Sherwood, Mary Ehlinger, Solange M. Saxby, Farnoosh Shemirani, Patrick Ten Eyck, Terry L. Wahls, Linda G. Snetselaar
Summary: A 7-week web-based wellness intervention, including diet, stress reduction techniques, sleep hygiene, and exercise, showed significant improvements in quality of life and fatigue among people with MS.
MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS AND RELATED DISORDERS
(2023)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Farnoosh Shemirani, Tyler J. Titcomb, Solange M. Saxby, Patrick Ten Eyck, Linda M. Rubenstein, Karin F. Hoth, Linda G. Snetselaar, Terry L. Wahls
Summary: This study aimed to evaluate the impact of low-saturated fat and modified Paleolithic elimination diets, along with supplements, on mood in people with multiple sclerosis (MS). The results showed significant improvements in depression and anxiety symptoms and mental health scores in both diet groups at 12 and 24 weeks. Changes in homocysteine and vitamin B12 levels did not mediate the effects of the diets on mood.
MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS AND RELATED DISORDERS
(2023)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Alaina N. Elliott-Wherry, Jennifer E. Lee, Amy M. Pearlman, Terry L. Wahls
Summary: This paper introduces the Wahls Behavior Change Model (WBCM) for behavior change in patients with complex chronic diseases and discusses how providers can be trained to implement the model. The WBCM has the potential to improve function and quality of life outcomes for patients with complex chronic diseases.
DEGENERATIVE NEUROLOGICAL AND NEUROMUSCULAR DISEASE
(2022)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Tyler J. Titcomb, Wei Bao, Yang Du, Buyun Liu, Linda G. Snetselaar, Terry L. Wahls
Summary: This study investigated the independent association of multiple sclerosis with mortality. The results showed that having multiple sclerosis was associated with an increased risk of mortality in a nationally representative sample of U.S. adults.
MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS JOURNAL-EXPERIMENTAL TRANSLATIONAL AND CLINICAL
(2022)
Meeting Abstract
Clinical Neurology
T. J. Titcomb, P. Ten Eyck, L. Rubenstein, L. G. Snetselaar, T. L. Wahls
MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS JOURNAL
(2022)