Article
Clinical Neurology
Benjamin M. Hampstead, Anthony Y. Stringer, Alexandru D. Iordan, Robert Ploutz-Snyder, K. Sathian
Summary: Cognitive training is a potential technique for treating cognitive impairment caused by neurological injury and disease. Different training methods have different mechanisms of action and engage distinct brain regions. Mnemonic strategy training (MST) showed superior effects in the short term and increased activation and functional connectivity in multiple brain regions.
ALZHEIMERS & DEMENTIA
(2023)
Editorial Material
Cell Biology
Zhuang-Yao D. Wei, Ashok K. Shetty
Summary: This article discusses a recent study that suggests using a miRNA triad, consisting of miR-181a-5p, miR-146a-5p, and miR-148a-3p, for diagnosing ACI, MCI, and AD. The study explores the impact of elevated levels of this miRNA triad on neural plasticity and cognitive function in the brain and the potential of inhibiting it to improve cognitive function in MCI and AD.
Article
Clinical Neurology
Deepika Dinesh, Qing Shao, Madhuri Palnati, Sarah McDannold, Quanwu Zhang, Amir Abbas Tahami Monfared, Guneet K. Jasuja, Heather Davila, Weiming Xia, Lauren R. Moo, Donald R. Miller, Natalia Palacios
Summary: Based on electronic health records data, a study found that US veterans have a unique dementia risk profile that may be changing over time. From 2000 to 2019, the incidence and prevalence of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and related dementias (ADRD) decreased, while ADRD prevalence increased primarily due to an increase in dementia not otherwise specified. The prevalence and incidence of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) sharply increased, especially after 2010. The highest prevalence and incidence of AD, ADRD, and MCI were observed in the oldest veterans, female veterans, and African American and Hispanic veterans.
ALZHEIMERS & DEMENTIA
(2023)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Haitao Xi, Jinghuan Gan, Shuai Liu, Fei Wang, Zhichao Chen, Xiao-Dan Wang, Zhihong Shi, Yong Ji
Summary: This study evaluates the relationship between reproductive factors and cognitive impairment in Chinese women with natural menopause. The findings suggest that age at menopause, reproductive period, and number of pregnancies/parities are correlated with cognitive impairment and significantly impact the risk of mild cognitive impairment and dementia.
FRONTIERS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Psychiatry
Azizi Seixas, Farid A. Rajabli, Margaret Pericak-Vance, Girardin L. Jean-Louis, Ioannis Tarnanas
Summary: This study investigated a digital neuro signature biomarker in predicting cognitive functioning and changes in older adults, compared to traditional biomarkers. The study also explored which demographic and clinical factors predicted the digital neuro signature biomarker in cognitively impaired and healthy older adults. The findings suggest that digital biomarkers may offer more reliable predictions of cognitive functioning and changes in older adults compared to traditional biomarkers.
FRONTIERS IN PSYCHIATRY
(2022)
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
AlMa Mihaela Dimache, Delia Lidia Salaru, Radu Sascau, Cristian Statescu
Summary: The burden of cognitive disorders is substantial and varies in etiology and severity. Triglyceride levels may be associated with cognitive function, but not all studies have found this link. Further research is needed to evaluate the relationship between triglycerides and cognitive impairment.
Article
Clinical Neurology
Maitee Rosende-Roca, Carla Abdelnour, Ester Esteban, Juan Pablo Tartari, Emilio Alarcon, Juliana Martinez-Atienza, Antonio Gonzalez-Perez, Maria E. Saez, Asuncion Lafuente, Mar Buendia, Ana Pancho, Nuria Aguilera, Marta Ibarria, Susana Diego, Sara Jofresa, Isabel Hernandez, Rogelio Lopez, Miren Jone Gurruchaga, Lluis Tarraga, Sergi Valero, Agustin Ruiz, Marta Marquie, Merce Boada
Summary: This study highlights the lower chance of eligibility for women in Alzheimer's disease clinical trials, with education level being a key factor contributing to this imbalance. Gender differences are more pronounced in earlier born patients but narrow as birth year increases. Overlooking the impact of sex may lead to a handicap in AD research with a direct adverse impact on women's health.
ALZHEIMERS RESEARCH & THERAPY
(2021)
Review
Clinical Neurology
Ya-Ru Zhang, Wei Xu, Wei Zhang, Hui-Fu Wang, Ya-Nan Ou, Yi Qu, Xue-Ning Shen, Shi-Dong Chen, Kai-Min Wu, Qian-Hua Zhao, Hai-Ning Zhang, Li Sun, Qiang Dong, Lan Tan, Lei Feng, Can Zhang, Evangelos Evangelou, A. David Smith, Jin-Tai Yu
Summary: This study conducted an umbrella review to evaluate the strength and validity of the associations between modifiable factors and dementia and cognitive impairment. The results identified several modifiable risk factors, including early-life education, plasma glucose, BMI, atrial fibrillation, benzodiazepine use, and gait speed, that have convincing evidence of association. The study also found suggestive to highly suggestive evidence for other factors such as blood pressure, homocysteine, diet, and physical activity. Mendelian randomization studies provided further evidence for the causal relationships of education and plasma glucose with Alzheimer's disease.
JOURNAL OF AFFECTIVE DISORDERS
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Seung Wan Suh, You Joung Kim, Kyung Phil Kwak, Kiwon Kim, Moon-Doo Kim, Byung-Soo Kim, Bong Jo Kim, Shin Gyeom Kim, Jeong Lan Kim, Tae Hui Kim, Seok Woo Moon, Kyung Won Park, Jong-Il Park, Joon Hyuk Park, Jae Nam Bae, Jiyeong Seo, Su Jeong Seong, Sang Joon Son, Il-Seon Shin, Seung-Ho Ryu, Kang Joon Lee, Nam-Jin Lee, Dong Young Lee, Dong Woo Lee, Seok Bum Lee, Chang Uk Lee, Sung Man Chang, Hyun-Ghang Jeong, Maeng Je Cho, Seong-Jin Cho, Jin Hyeong Jhoo, Young Min Choe, Ji Won Han, Ki Woong Kim
Summary: The prevalence of dementia in elderly populations in Korea showed a nonsignificant decrease between 2008 and 2017, with Alzheimer's disease also decreasing slightly while mild cognitive impairment remained stable.
JOURNAL OF ALZHEIMERS DISEASE
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Hanan Ehtewish, Abdelilah Arredouani, Omar El-Agnaf
Summary: The underlying mechanisms linking type 2 diabetes to cognitive dysfunction are still unclear, but may include factors such as hyperglycemia, insulin resistance, and neuroinflammation. Risk factors for dementia in diabetes patients include aging, poor glycemic control, hypoglycemic and hyperglycemic episodes, depression, and vascular complications.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Soeren Mattke, Donnie Batie, Joshua Chodosh, Kristen Felten, Ellen Flaherty, Nicole R. R. Fowler, Fred A. A. Kobylarz, Kelly O'Brien, Russ Paulsen, Anne Pohnert, Katherine L. L. Possin, Tatiana Sadak, Diane Ty, Amy Walsh, Julie M. M. Zissimopoulos
Summary: Mild cognitive impairment is often not diagnosed, especially in disadvantaged populations, resulting in missed opportunities for treatment, lifestyle changes, and disease-modifying interventions. Experts recommend three strategies to increase the use of brief cognitive assessments in primary care: providing suitable assessment tools, integrating assessments into routine workflows, and implementing payment policies to encourage adoption.
ALZHEIMERS & DEMENTIA
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Jasmin E. Guevara, Natalie E. Kurniadi, Kevin Duff
Summary: This study quantifies cognitive change in patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) using standardized regression-based (SRB) z-scores. The findings show a significant decline in cognitive function over time, especially in learning and memory. Patients who progressed to dementia (MCI-Decline) showed more decline compared to those who remained stable (MCI-Stable). The study highlights the value of SRB in quantifying cognitive decline and identifying individuals at higher risk for MCI progression.
JOURNAL OF ALZHEIMERS DISEASE
(2023)
Review
Neurosciences
Ge Wang, Daniel Y. Li, David E. Vance, Wei Li
Summary: This study found that alcohol use disorder is associated with an increased risk of cognitive impairments, particularly vascular dementia. In addition, the presence of comorbidities further increases the risk of cognitive impairment.
JOURNAL OF ALZHEIMERS DISEASE
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Ashley D. Innis, Magdalena Tolea, James E. Galvin
Summary: This study found that the level of mindfulness in dementia patients and caregivers is closely related to their quality of life and cognitive performance. Better outcomes were observed when both patients and caregivers had higher levels of mindfulness.
JOURNAL OF ALZHEIMERS DISEASE
(2021)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Salvatore Mazzeo, Assunta Ingannato, Giulia Giacomucci, Alberto Manganelli, Valentina Moschini, Juri Balestrini, Arianna Cavaliere, Carmen Morinelli, Giulia Galdo, Filippo Emiliani, Diletta Piazzesi, Chiara Crucitti, Daniele Frigerio, Cristina Polito, Valentina Berti, Silvia Bagnoli, Sonia Padiglioni, Sandro Sorbi, Benedetta Nacmias, Valentina Bessi
Summary: Plasma neurofilament light chain (NfL) can accurately predict Alzheimer's disease and the progression of cognitive decline, serving as an important non-invasive tool for early diagnosis.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY
(2023)
Article
Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine
Nicolas S. Poupore, W. Nicholas Jungbauer, Hussein Smaily, William W. Carroll, Phayvanh P. Pecha
Summary: This study found that children with cleft palate have higher rates of obstructive sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) after palatoplasty, especially those with syndromic cleft palate and isolated Robin sequence. Clinicians should inform caregivers and closely monitor these groups for sleep breathing issues after palate repair.
CLEFT PALATE CRANIOFACIAL JOURNAL
(2023)
Review
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Nicolas S. Poupore, W. Nicholas Jungbauer, Shaun A. Nguyen, David R. White, Phayvanh P. Pecha, William W. Carroll
Summary: This study aimed to analyze the utility of computed tomography angiography (CTA) in identifying internal carotid artery (ICA) injury and reducing cerebrovascular accident (CVA) incidence in children with normal neurologic exams after oropharyngeal trauma (OT). The results showed a low proportion of children experiencing ICA injury leading to CVA after sustaining OT, and CTA infrequently showed ICA changes in children with normal neurological exams. There was no significant difference in CVA incidence between children who received CTA and those who did not.
Review
Otorhinolaryngology
Annie F. Britt, Nicolas S. Poupore, Shaun A. Nguyen, David R. White
Summary: This review examines the compliance rates of pneumococcal vaccination among cochlear implant (CI) patients and evaluates the effectiveness of intervention programs in improving vaccination rates. The findings suggest that the baseline rates of PCV13 and PPSV23 vaccination in CI patients are highly variable and lower than expected. Quality improvement (QI) initiatives appear to be successful in increasing the compliance rates with PPSV23 vaccination. However, further intervention programs with stricter surveillance and follow-up systems are needed to achieve improved compliance with PCV13 and PPSV23 vaccination in CI recipients.
OTOLARYNGOLOGY-HEAD AND NECK SURGERY
(2023)
Review
Otorhinolaryngology
Nicolas S. Poupore, Hussein Smaily, William W. Carroll, Phayvanh P. Pecha
Summary: This study analyzes graft success rates and hearing outcomes in patients with a history of cleft palate repair undergoing tympanoplasty. The results indicate no difference in graft success rates and hearing outcomes between patients with a history of cleft palate repair and controls.
OTOLARYNGOLOGY-HEAD AND NECK SURGERY
(2023)
Article
Gerontology
Nishika Edwards, Thomas Nathaniel, Richard Goodwin, Mohammed Khalil, Brooks McPhail, Lauren Fowler, Rebecca Russ-Sellers, Renee Chosed
Summary: The Research Education Program aims to increase the number of minority students entering graduate programs and pursuing careers in biomedical research and healthcare. The program provides academic enrichment activities and research opportunities, allowing students to present their findings and network with professionals at local and national events.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF AGING & HUMAN DEVELOPMENT
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Camron Edrissi, Chase Rathfoot, Krista Knisely, Carolyn Breauna Sanders, Richard Goodwin, Samuel I. Nathaniel, Thomas Nathaniel
Summary: This study analyzed the severity and risk factors of acute ischemic stroke (AIS) in patients with heart failure (HF). The study found several risk factors associated with higher stroke severity in patients aged 65-74 and >=75. Understanding the risk factors associated with stroke severity in HF patients is important for predicting and preventing the severity of stroke.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2023)
Review
Immunology
Kamron Reza Hamedi, Gannett Loftus, Lawson Traylor, Richard Goodwin, Sergio Arce
Summary: The COVID-19 pandemic has necessitated the accelerated development and use of mRNA vaccines to prevent the disease. While these vaccines have been deemed safe and effective, there have been increasing reports of myocarditis, particularly following COVID-19 mRNA vaccine administration. The mechanism behind vaccine-associated myocarditis is believed to involve uncontrolled cytokine-mediated inflammation and potential autoimmune responses. Despite this risk, the benefits of vaccination and the greater risk posed by COVID-19 infection justify widespread vaccination, including for individuals with congenital heart defects.
Article
Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology
Nicolas S. Poupore, Shreya Chidarala, Nevitte S. Morris, Theodore R. McRackan, Kara C. Schvartz-Leyzac
Summary: This study found that children with cochlear implants benefit from spending more time in a quiet auditory environment for language comprehension and expression. Additionally, spending more time in a quiet or music environment while listening to speech positively affects expressive language skills. However, prolonged exposure to speech in a noisy environment negatively impacts expressive language outcomes.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF AUDIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Dieu Thao Nguyen, Mohammad Hooshmand Zaferanieh, Asa C. Black, Kamron Reza Hamedi, Richard L. Goodwin, Thomas I. Nathaniel
Summary: This review paper discusses the effects of diabetes on the peripheral nervous system of pregnant women and proposes a two-hit model to explain the mechanisms. The first hit is the preexisting subclinical damage in diabetic pregnant women, while the second hit is the neurological damage during the delivery process. Pregnant women with diabetes mellitus are at risk for neurological damage during both hits, and the cumulative effects increase the risk of neurological damage and pathophysiological changes during delivery.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Otorhinolaryngology
Frederick G. Durrant, Tiffany Chen, Nicolas S. Poupore, Shaun A. Nguyen, Nikita Chapurin, Rodney J. Schlosser
Summary: This study aims to investigate novel methods of measuring intranasal trigeminal function and correlate with validated measures of trigeminal function. The results show moderate correlations between extraoral cheek site and oral site thermal measures, indicating consistent assessment of trigeminal function. There were significant correlations between intranasal thermosensory measures at the septum and turbinate. Turbinate thermal measures had weak correlations with trigeminal visual analog scale (VAS) scores. The study concludes that TSA testing might provide a rapid, novel method of intranasal trigeminal function assessment.
OTOLARYNGOLOGY-HEAD AND NECK SURGERY
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Cassie A. Simmons, Nicolas Poupore, Thomas I. Nathaniel
Summary: Age is an important risk factor for stroke, and this study aimed to investigate how age and various clinical risk factors affect the severity of acute ischemic stroke (AIS) in two age categories. The analysis of clinical and demographic data showed that heart failure and elevated HDL levels were significantly associated with worsening neurologic functions in patients aged 65-74, while obese patients and those aged >= 75 who were directly admitted were most likely to exhibit improving neurological functions.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Education, Scientific Disciplines
Richard L. Goodwin, Thomas I. Nathaniel
Summary: This study aims to determine the effect of different strategies of formative feedback on students' outcomes in a medical neuroscience course. The results showed that providing written rationales as feedback was the most effective in improving students' performance, while a combination of written rationales and in-person discussion was the least effective. Medical students preferred written formative feedback.
MEDICAL SCIENCE EDUCATOR
(2023)
Article
Education, Scientific Disciplines
Richard L. Goodwin, Asa C. Black Jr, Thomas I. Nathaniel
Summary: This study described the design, implementation, and assessment of an integrated teaching strategy in medical education. The results showed that students who received integrated teaching performed better in both summative and formative examinations compared to students who did not receive integrated teaching. The integrated teaching strategy was well-received by medical students and enhanced their learning experience in various aspects.
ANATOMICAL SCIENCES EDUCATION
(2023)
Review
Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine
Caroline M. Fields, Nicolas S. Poupore, April N. Taniguchi, Hussein Smaily, Shaun A. Nguyen, Ryan D. Cuff, Phayvanh P. Pecha, William W. Carroll
Summary: Objective studies evaluating the accuracy of prenatal diagnosis and severity prediction of micrognathia showed inconsistent results. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to assess the reliability of prenatal diagnostic imaging and the impact of mandibular measurements on accuracy. The analysis revealed a missed diagnosis rate of 11.62% without mandibular measurements, which significantly decreased to 0.20% with the use of mandibular measurements. Furthermore, the severity of micrognathia determined by prenatal imaging did not significantly correlate with the severity of airway obstruction at birth. This study highlights the importance of establishing a uniform objective criterion to improve prenatal diagnosis and postnatal care planning.
CLEFT PALATE CRANIOFACIAL JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Nicolas S. Poupore, Hussein Smaily, James D. Sullivan, Calvin W. Myint, John D. Prosser, William W. Carroll
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the threshold values of obstructive apnea-hypopnea index (OAHI) and nadir oxygen saturation (NspO(2)) in children with severe obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) to identify the most appropriate candidates for preoperative echocardiography. The results showed that in postpubertal children, OAHI > 55 and NspO(2) < 69% were strong predictors for right heart strain (RHS) on echocardiography. However, in prepubertal children, OAHI and NspO(2) were not reliable predictors of RHS.
SLEEP AND BREATHING
(2023)